Presentación en el Foro de Capitalismo de la UFM. 11 de Octubre de 2018. Conceptos y teorías sobre acción colectiva. Mancur Olson y Elinor Ostrom. Comparación capitalismo en acción individual y en acción colectiva.

1. Elementos de Capitalismo en las
Acciones Colectivas
Leonel Morales Díaz
Universidad Francisco Marroquín
litomd@ufm.edu

2. HCI y Usabilidad

3. The Crowd
A Study of the Popular Mind
“Under certain given circumstances, and only under those
circumstances, an agglomeration of men presents new
characteristics very different from those of the individuals
composing it.
The sentiments and ideas of all the persons in the
gathering take one and the same direction, and their
conscious personality vanishes. A collective mind is formed,
doubtless transitory, but presenting very clearly defined
characteristics.”
Gustave Le Bon
1895

4. Group
Psychology
and the Analysis of the Ego
"A primary mass is a number of individuals
who have put one and the same object
in place of their ego ideal
and consequently identify with each other.”Sigmund Freud
1921

5. More is Different
P. W. Anderson
1972

6. The Wisdom of
Crowds
oDiversidad
oIndependencia
oDescentralización
oLa colectividad es más inteligente que los individuos
James Surowiecki
2005

7. The Hidden
Influence of
Social Networks
“… the pattern of connections among people confers upon
the groups of people different properties. It is the ties
between people that makes the whole greater than the sum
of its parts.”
“Our experience of the world depends on the actual structure
of the networks in which we're residing and on all the kinds
of things that ripple and flow through the network. Now, the
reason, I think, that this is the case is that human beings
assemble themselves and form a kind of superorganism.”
Nicholas Christakis
TED 2010

8. Masas y Redes

9. Dos fenómenos diferentes
El individuo y la colectividad – La acción individual y la acción colectiva
≠

10. Preguntas
¿Qué aparece cuando aparece la masa?
¿Qué puede estudiarse en la masa y no en el
individuo?
¿Puede estudiarse la acción colectiva
aplicando el individualismo metodológico?
¿Qué características de una sociedad
capitalista se observan en las masas?
¿Hasta dónde puede llevarse este
paralelismo?

11. Individualismo
Metodológico
“There is no economic phenomenon
that does not ultimately find its origin
and measure in the economically acting human
and his economic deliberations”
Carl Menger
• Principles of Economics
1871
Joseph Schumpeter
• Methodological Individualism
1908

12. Mancur Olson
“A common, collective, or public good
is here defined as any good such that,
if any person Xi in a group X1 ,... , Xi ,..., Xn consumes it,
it cannot feasibly be withheld
from the others in that group.”
The Logic of Collective Action
1965

13. Mancur Olson
“A common, collective, or public good
is here defined as any good such that,
if any person Xi in a group X1 ,... , Xi ,..., Xn consumes it,
it cannot feasibly be withheld
from the others in that group.”
“Only a separate and "selective" incentive
will stimulate a rational individual in a latent group
to act in a group-oriented way”
“Small groups will further their common
interests better than large groups”
“(…) small groups are not only quantitatively,
but also qualitatively,
different from large groups”
The Logic of Collective Action
1965

14. Mancur Olson
“unless the number of individuals in a group is quite small,
or unless there is coercion
or some other special device to make individuals act
in their common interest,
rational, self-interested individuals will not act
to achieve their common or group interests”
The zero contribution thesis
The Logic of Collective Action
1965

15. Elinor Ostrom
“The zero contribution thesis, however, contradicts
observations of everyday life”
“(…) individuals (…) voluntarily organize themselves
so as to gain the benefits of trade,
to provide mutual protection against risk,
and to create and enforce rules that protect
natural resources”
“governmental policy can frustrate,
rather than facilitate,
the private provision of public good”
Collective Action and the Evolution of
Social Norms
2000
Governing the Commons
1990

16. Capitalismo: Individual
Individuos
Reconocimiento derechos individuales
Buscar los propios fines
Abstenerse de violar los derechos de otro
Vida, propiedad y libertad

17. Capitalismo: Individual y Colectivo
Individuos
Reconocimiento derechos individuales
Buscar los propios fines
Abstenerse de violar los derechos de otro
Vida, propiedad y libertad
Colectivos
Ejercicio de derechos individuales
Busca un fin que no puede conseguir solo
Voluntario y respetuoso
Vida: la colectividad nace y persiste
Propiedad: el bien público perseguido
Libertad: la acción colectiva

18. ¡Gracias!
¿Preguntas?
litomd@ufm.edu
@litomd