The document summarizes the United States presidential elections of 1824 and 1828. In 1824, Andrew Jackson received the most popular votes but no candidate won a majority in the electoral college, so the election was decided by the House of Representatives, who chose John Quincy Adams over Jackson. This led to accusations of a "corrupt bargain" between Adams and Henry Clay. In 1828, Andrew Jackson defeated Adams in a rematch, winning in a landslide and beginning the two-party system with the Democrats versus the National Republicans.

1. Elections of 1824 & 1828 By: Maria

2. Background Information John Quincy Adams- son of John Adams, represented the interests of the Northeast (high protective tariff), and was the leading contender Henry Clay- shared political views with Adams, but held one another with contempt Andrew Jackson- senator from Tennessee and military hero, drew western support from Clay despite the fact his political views were not well known William H. Crawford- born in Virginia and hoped to continue the “Virginia Dynasty”; he held to the old line Republican view of limiting the role of the central government, but still was the congressional power brokers’ favorite

3. Election of 1824 Popular Vote Electoral Vote Party Presidential Candidates 46,979 41 Democratic-Republican William H. Crawford (GA) 152,933 99 Democratic-Republican Andrew Jackson (TN) 47,136 37 Democratic-Republican Henry Clay (KY) 115,696 84 Democratic-Republican John Quincy Adams (MA)

4. Twelfth Amendment’s Influence The Twelfth Amendment provided that in elections in which no candidate received the majority should be decided by the House of Representatives from among the top three candidates. Clay was out of contention and Crawford was an unlikely prospect because of a serious illness.

5. Clay’s Influence Jackson clearly expected to win, figuring that the House would act to confirm his strong showing. However, Clay, as Speaker of the House, used his influence to sway the vote to Adams. Although they were not close, Clay knew that he and Adams shared a common political philosophy; Clay also knew that Jackson was an avowed opponent of the Bank of the United States, a vital component of the American System. Clay also was not interested in doing anything to further the career of the hero of New Orleans, his main rival in the West.

6. “Corrupt Bargain” Following his victory John Q. Adams appointed Henry Clay Secretary of State Most historians doubt that Adams solicited Clay ’s support by offering him high office; that action would have been totally contrary to Adams ’ nature. Nevertheless, the charge persisted and energized the Jackson forces for the Election of 1828.

7. The Election of 1828 Unique in that nominations were no longer made by Congressional caucuses, but by conventions and the state legislatures. John Quincy Adams was re-nominated by forces then calling themselves the National Republicans; his running mate was Secretary of the Treasury Richard Rush. The Democratic Republican (soon to be simply Democratic) opposition was posed by Jackson and his vice-presidential candidate, John C. Calhoun (who had previously been vice president under Adams) The Election was a clear victory for Jackson, but were highly sectional in nature. The South, West, and the states of Pennsylvania and New York went for Jackson; New England voted for Adams.

8. 508,064 83 National Republican John Q. Adams (MA) Richard Rush (PA) 647,286 178 Democrat Republican Andrew Jackson (TN) John C. Calhoun (SC) Popular Vote Electoral Vote Party Presidential/ Vice Presidential Candidates