The document provides an overview of Egypt's geography, history, government, and culture. It highlights significant aspects such as the ancient civilization along the Nile, the role of pharaohs, and contributions like hieroglyphics and pyramids. Additionally, it describes popular Egyptian cuisine, festivals, and the significance of football in the country.

1. Egypt

2. Yasmine Mahmoud
PhD student at Hiroshima University

3. Arab Republic of Egypt

4. Information
❑ Country Names:
Arab Republic of Egypt (Jumhuriyat Misr alArabiyah).
❑ Type of Government: Republic (Presidential System).
❑ Capital: Cairo.
❑ Population: 108 million.
❑ Religion: Sunni Muslim (94 percent)
And Coptic Christian and other (6%).
❑ Languages: Mainly Arabic, Nubian
(widely spoken in the south),
❑ National Flag: 3 stripes of red, white, and black;
❑ Currency: 1 Egyptian pound
❑ Climate : Egypt's arid climate, marked by intense sunlight
and a severe shortage of rainfall, varies by region and season.
Most of Egypt is dry and subtropical.

5. Geography
❑ Egypt is in northeastern Africa.
❑ The Nile River runs the length of the country flowing south to north. The 4,000 miles long
❑ river begins in the mountains of Africa and empties into the Mediterranean Sea.

7. Egypt was called the gift of the Nile because the Nile River gave life to the desert.
The Nile was the lifeblood of ancient Egypt because of its fertile soil for farming.

8. Roots of Egyptian Civilization
▪ The ancient Egyptian civilization began
more than 5000 years ago when people
settled along the Nile River.
▪ In the beginning, Egypt was separated
into two kingdoms:
– Lower Egypt… Mild climate; cobra
goddess worshipped
– Upper Egypt… Warmer climate; prayed
to a vulture goddess

9. Lower Egypt
Upper Egypt

11. Ancient Egyptian Government
Ancient Egyptian
government was
dominated by a
single person, the
pharaoh. He was
seen not only as
their leader, but
also a god

12. • Egyptian kings = pharaohs
• The Egyptians viewed their
pharaohs the same as the gods
• KINGS WERE GODS
• Stood as center of religion as
well as government and army
• Type of Government = Theocracy

15. Religion
• Then Ancient Egyptians
were polytheistic,
meaning they believed
that many gods and
goddesses ruled the
world and the afterlife.
Their chief gods were
Amon-Re , Osiris, god of
the Nile.

16. Religion
Because the Egyptians believed in eternal life after
death, they relied on the Book of the Dead to help them
through the afterworld. It was a collection of spells,
hymns, and prayers intended to secure a safe passage to
the underworld for the deceased.

17. Mummification
Egyptians practiced mummification, the
preservation of the body for use in the next
life.

21. Contributions: Hieroglyphics
• Hieroglyphics was the
picture writing used in
ancient Egypt.
• The word hieroglyphics is
made up of two Greek
words - hieros, which means
sacred, and glyphe, which
means carving.
• The Egyptian hieroglyphic
writing system consists of
several hundred picture
signs.

24. Pyramids

25. Pyramids are huge stone
tombs with four triangular
sides that meet in a point on
the top. Historians are unsure
how they were built.
Pyramids displayed amazing
engineering, or the application
of scientific knowledge for
practical purposes

26. • Largest located near Giza
• Built as tombs for rulers
– Hollow chamber for burial
– Treasures buried with them
– Deadly traps within
• Design changed to smooth-sided over
time
• Built from the inside out
• Not built by slaves
– Peasants required to work
one month per year
– Professional craftspeople
like architects, artists

27. The Great Sphinx

29. The Sphinx of ancient
Egypt is a huge statue
in the desert. It has a
human head and an
animal body. Can you
see that it has the body
of a lion? The Sphinx
was a symbol of a god
and a pharaoh.

32. who was the last of his royal family to
rule during the end of the 18th
Dynasty (ruled c. 1332 – 1323 BC in
the conventional chronology) during
the New Kingdom of Egyptian history.
His father is believed to be the
pharaoh Akhenaten, identified as the
mummy found in the tomb KV55.
Tutankhamun

35. One of the most mysterious and powerful women in ancient Egypt,
Nefertiti was queen alongside Pharaoh Akhenaten from 1353 to
1336 B.C. and may have ruled the New Kingdom outright after her
husband’s death.

36. Queen Hatshepsut

39. Hatshepsut’s temple
the Holy of Holies” was designed by the chief steward of Amun, Senenmut.

41. Sacred Autonomous Royal Monastery of Saint Katherine of the Holy and God-Trodden
Mount Sinai …. is an Eastern Orthodox monastery
located on the Sinai Peninsula, at the mouth of a gorge at the foot of Mount Sinai,
near the town of Saint Catherine, Egypt.
Saint Catherine's Monastery

43. The Egyptian Museum is the oldest archaeological museum in the Middle East, and houses
the largest collection of Pharaonic antiquities in the world. The museum displays an
extensive collection spanning from the Predynastic Period to the Greco-Roman Era.
The Egyptian Museum

47. The ancient city sits on the banks of the River Nile and is, undoubtedly, one of the most important
archaeological sites in Egypt. containing well-preserved tombs, monuments, and temples. However,
its biggest draw is that it is home to the tomb of the world-famous pharaoh Tutankhamun
Luxor city

51. Alexandria

54. Qaitbay Citadel

67. Sharm El-Sheikh

72. “What is the most popular food in Egypt?”
The unique Egyptian cuisine has been influenced throughout history, particularly by
its neighbors from the Middle East. So, you will be able to taste many cultures in one
plate.

73. Ful Medames & Ta'ameya

74. Fool
is made of mashed fava beans that are
slowly cooked all night in a giant
metal jug . Before being served it
should include: vegetables like tomato,
radishes and spring onion adds more
fiber
Ta'ameya
Egyptian falafel is made of crushed
fava beans and some of vegetables
that is later mixed and made into a
paste then fried. It is best served with
local bread, tomato, onions and tahini
sauce.

75. Kushari:
plate is a mix of rice, spaghetti or macaroni, and black lentils mixed,
topped with a spiced tomato sauce, and garnished with chickpeas and
crispy fried onions. A sprinkling of garlic juice, or garlic vinegar, and hot
sauce are optional. The plate contains a lot of ingredient, but it has a very
good taste, and it is cheap too, maybe the second common food in Egypt

76. Mulukhiyah
It is a green slimy paste that is made from jute leaves. It is prepared by
removing the central spine from the leaves, and then chopping the
leaves finely with garlic and coriander. The dish generally includes some
sort of meat, chicken, rabbit, shrimp or even fish fillet

77. Mahshi:
is a favorite dish of all Egyptians, big and small! It’s a very nutritious meal, when cooked
with small amounts of butter or oil. It is also a delicious vegetarian meal.
It made of rice, seasoned with crushed red tomatoes, onion, parsley, dill, salt, pepper
and spices, then to be put inside some vegetables after being cored like green bell
peppers, eggplants, zucchini, tomatoes, or grape and cabbage leaves or .

78. Shish kebab is juicy chunks of seasoned beef cooked over coals
on a skewer. It is generally made of lamb but there are also
versions with beef or veal. While Kofta is minced meat mixed
with spices and parsley, is rolled into a finger-shape onto metal
skewers before hitting the coals.

79. Fattah
dish is made of a layer from fried little bread pieces mixed with
garlic vinegar dipping sauce, covered with a layer of rice
cooked with veal broth or lamb broth, which is topped with a
spiced tomato sauce

80. Baba Ghanoush
It is one of the side dishes like tahini salad, Egyptian people like it next to
their dinner, lunch and even breakfast. It is made of grilled aubergine peeled
and mashed then add to Tahini with addition of lemon juice, pepper, salt,
parsley, cumin and olive oil

81. Basbousa
This overly sweet cake is made from semolina flour soaked in
syrup made from rose water or sometimes honey and lemon
and sometimes coconut is added to complete the magic.

82. Common Festivals In Egypt

83. Ramadan:
The most important month in the whole year for Muslims across the world, the month of
Ramadan in Egypt gives some of the most beautiful and unique spectacles that you won’t find
anywhere else in the world. During this month, most Muslims avoid food, drinks, and cigarettes
from sunrise to sunset. Bazaars and markets come alive with fairy lighting and loads of people and
breaking their fast and celebrating their culture with their family and friends.

84. Eid Al Fitr
This holiday is celebrated by all the Muslims around the globe. Marking the end of the holy
month of Ramadan, this festival invites great celebrations which goes on until past midnight.
Everyone puts on new clothes and greets each other with treats which mostly includes sweets
and tributes including clothing. Employees get a bonus from their employers, and everyone
celebrates the spirit of oneness, peace, and brotherhood all around the country.

85. Eid Al Adha
Popularly known as the “Sacrifice Feast” this is the second holiest day of the year for Muslims. It
is one of the two holidays that is celebrated all around the world by Muslims in unison. It
celebrates the will of Ibrahim, one of the important Prophets in Islam, to sacrifice his own son as
an act of submission to the one true god Allah. Goats, cows or camel are sacrificed to celebrate
this event and the meat from the goat is normally divided into three parts, the first 1/3rd part is
consumed by the family, the second 1/3rd is given to relatives and friends and the last part is
given to the needy and poor who can’t afford the same luxury.

86. Sham Al Naseem
Also known as Sniffing the Breeze festival, the Sham Al Naseem festival celebrates the arrival of
spring. Like any other place, this ancient festival which welcomes spring is celebrated by all the
people regardless of faith. Families gather together and go for picnics to parks, beaches, and
historical sites with a basket filled with traditional food items.

89. October 6, 1973, war
The victory in the 1973 war that occurred against Israel, where the
Egyptian army managed to recapture Egyptian occupied territories and to
restore the national pride.
It also occurred during Ramadan, the sacred month of fasting in Islam, and it lasted
until October 26, 1973.

90. Nobel prize

92. Sports

93. Football is Egypt’s favorite sport. The Egyptian Premier League is
the professional level of Egyptian football.
the Egyptian national football team called the “Pharaohs” has taken
home the African Cup of Nations a total of seven times.

94. An Egyptian professional footballer who plays as
a forward for Premier League club Liverpool