Effects of Sympathetic Stimulation 1.pptx
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The document discusses the effects of sympathetic and parasympathetic stimulation on the heart. Sympathetic stimulation increases heart rate, conduction velocity, contractility, and excitability of the atrioventricular junction. Parasympathetic stimulation decreases heart rate, conduction velocity, and contractility by increasing membrane permeability to potassium ions. The parasympathetic nervous system, via the vagus nerves, innervates the sinoatrial node and atrioventricular junctional fibers, while the sympathetic nervous system innervates all parts of the heart.
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This document discusses acute pulmonary embolism, including its clinical features, diagnosis, and management. It presents pulmonary embolism as a blockage in the lungs caused by blood clots that can be life-threatening. Diagnosis involves tests like a CT scan or lung scan to detect clots, while treatment focuses on anticoagulant drugs to prevent further clotting as well as other procedures in severe cases. Managing the condition requires identifying risk factors, diagnosing properly, and providing appropriate treatment to resolve symptoms and reduce long-term complications.
qqq.pptx
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a condition where the heart muscle stiffens, making it difficult to fill and pump blood efficiently. While medications like candesartan and empagliflozin can help reduce hospitalizations for HFpEF by improving symptoms, other drugs like irbesartan and spironolactone have not shown benefits. Management of HFpEF focuses on controlling blood pressure, reducing fluid retention, and treating the underlying causes.
SYNTAX TRIAL.pptx
- The SYNTAX trial compared outcomes of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) using drug-eluting stents versus coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) for treating three-vessel or left main coronary artery disease.
- For the primary endpoint of major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events at 12 months, CABG was superior to PCI. However, outcomes were similar between treatments for patients with less complex disease as measured by low or intermediate SYNTAX scores.
- For patients with more complex disease and high SYNTAX scores, CABG had significantly fewer primary events than PCI at 12 months.
JVP AND WAVEFORMS.ppt
This document provides an overview of jugular venous pressure and waveforms. It discusses the anatomy of the jugular veins and the technique for measuring jugular venous pressure at the bedside. Normal jugular venous waveform patterns are described including the a, x, c, x', v, and y waves. Abnormal waveform patterns are also outlined that may indicate conditions like tricuspid regurgitation, constrictive pericarditis, pulmonary hypertension, and cardiac tamponade. The document concludes with how jugular venous waveforms can help identify various cardiac arrhythmias.
SUDDEN CARDIAC DEATH.pptx
This document provides an overview of sudden cardiac death, including its definition, epidemiology, risk factors, etiologies, clinical features, management, and prevention. Some key points include:
- Sudden cardiac death is defined as natural death from cardiac causes within 1 hour of symptom onset. It accounts for about 50% of cardiovascular deaths.
- Risk factors include increasing age, male sex, coronary heart disease, smoking, elevated cholesterol, emotional stress, depression, low socioeconomic status, and left ventricular dysfunction.
- Transient factors like ischemia, electrolyte abnormalities, drugs, and autonomic influences can trigger lethal arrhythmias in those with underlying structural heart issues. Antiarrhythmic drugs in particular carry
case presentation.pptx
A 13-year-old female presented with central chest pain radiating to the left shoulder associated with sweating and one episode of syncope. ECG showed non-specific ST-T wave changes and echocardiogram found mild left ventricular systolic dysfunction, moderate mitral regurgitation, severe tricuspid regurgitation, mild pericardial effusion, and elevated cardiac markers. This supports a diagnosis of probable myopericarditis.
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