Inflation affects households, firms, growth, and trade. For households, inflation reduces purchasing power and standard of living for those with fixed incomes. It also causes inflationary expectations where people buy more now to beat future price rises. Firms face increased costs of resources and wages, reducing profits. They may raise prices, cutting demand, or keep prices down and lose profits. Higher inflation can slow economic growth. It also harms international competitiveness as exports become more expensive while imports become cheaper.
in simple language inflation is hike in prices. here i covered some topics about inflation.
1.that topics are introduction to inflation.
2.characteristics of inflation
3.types of inflation
inflation-causes types and control methodsIMS GHAZIABAD
PPT on inflationary trends in INDIA, which consists of all the information about inflation begning from types of inflation to causes and trends of inflation in INDIA.
How Will Inflation Affect Your Investments?InvestingTips
Because inflation seems to be picking up this is important today. How will inflation affect your investments? Inflation is when prices within an economy go up from year to year. For the average person this economic concept is important because it tells us how quickly the purchasing power of money is eroded and how fast an-otherwise stable investment will decrease in value.
https://youtu.be/IVnkwxT21a8
in simple language inflation is hike in prices. here i covered some topics about inflation.
1.that topics are introduction to inflation.
2.characteristics of inflation
3.types of inflation
inflation-causes types and control methodsIMS GHAZIABAD
PPT on inflationary trends in INDIA, which consists of all the information about inflation begning from types of inflation to causes and trends of inflation in INDIA.
How Will Inflation Affect Your Investments?InvestingTips
Because inflation seems to be picking up this is important today. How will inflation affect your investments? Inflation is when prices within an economy go up from year to year. For the average person this economic concept is important because it tells us how quickly the purchasing power of money is eroded and how fast an-otherwise stable investment will decrease in value.
https://youtu.be/IVnkwxT21a8
Causes and Impacts of Inflation content slideshow. Designed for the Economic A level qualification. Can be used in revision and in class.
Subtopics
Causes of Inflation
Costs of Inflation
Why do we not want Zero Inflation?
Deflation
Basic ideas to explain unemployment, types of inflation, the CPI and the GDP. Some slides were borrowed from others off of the web because frankly, they were too good NOT to use.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
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Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
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Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
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http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
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The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
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A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
2. Effects of Inflation
• explain the effects of inflation on
households and firms
• explain the effects of inflation on
growth and trade
3.
4. Inflation and Households
Purchasing power:
Inflation reduces purchasing power (get less for same
price).
i.e. family on an income = $100/week, they buy one product
worth $5. This means they can purchase 20 of this good. But if
the price were to increase to $10 for the product they could
now only purchase 10.
Standard of living has declined.
If a households income increases with inflation then
the price increases will not hurt their purchasing
power. Fixed income households will suffer a decrease
in purchasing power.
5. Inflation and Households
Inflationary expectations:
When we expect inflation to
occur, we buy goods and
services before we normally
would to beat the price rise,
but instead help cause
inflation.
6. Inflation and households
To control inflation the RBNZ may rise the
OCR. This leads to interest rates increasing,
and in turn decreasing consumer spending…..
7. Interest Rates and Households
Interest rates are the price of money: savers
receive interest as the price paid to them by
borrowers for the use of their money.
Increase in interest rates:
cost of borrowing increases which will discourage
consumers from purchasing goods and services on
credit (loan, mortgage, credit card, hire purchase)
therefore consumption will decrease.
Increase in return from savings which will encourage
people to save, therefore consumption will
decrease.
8. I would like to
borrow $100
please Mr
Krabs, to buy
Gary a new
bed
Ok, I will lend you
$100 but in one
year you must pay
back 6% interestmeo
w
9. MEANWHILE
Prices in bikini bottom
are rising at 10%! Who will be better
off in a years time,
Mr Krabs or
Spongbob?
10. Here’s your
$106 Mr Krabs
But…. Prices have rose by !
0%, if I wanted to buy a
new cash register a year
ago I would only have to
pay
$100, now I have to pay
$110
11. Inflation and Borrowers vs. Lenders
Borrowers will become better off in times when the
inflation rate is more than the nominal interest
rate.
Example: say you borrow $100 at an interest rate of 6%
at a time when prices are rising at a rate of 10%. In one
years time you will repay $106.
The lender receives this back, but if they (the lender)
wanted to buy the same good you bought for $100 a
year ago they must now pay $110 for it (due to 10%
inflation) and so cannot afford it now. They could have
afforded it at the time you borrowed the money.
The real rate of interest would be -4% (the nominal
interest rate – inflation = real interest rate). Therefore
making savers worse off than borrowers.
12. Interest Rates and Households
Decrease in interest rates:
Cost of borrowing decreases which will
encourage people to purchase more goods
and services on credit, therefore consumption
will increase.
Decrease in return from savings which will
discourage people to save, therefore
consumption will increase.
13. Firms and Inflation
Firms also get hit by inflation:
Increased costs of resources
Resources cost more to buy profits down.
E.g. materials, fuel.
Firms will either pass increased costs to consumers by increasing price
(which can cause a decrease in demand for their product) OR they will
keep the price the same and decrease their profits.
14. Firms and Inflation
Increased demand for wage rises
Firms will feel pressure from unions to pay higher
wages if inflation continues to exist.
This reduces their profits and may cause
redundancies.
15. Double hit to firms
The RBNZ will try and minimise the effects of inflations
and will increase the OCR causing higher interest rates
(more expensive to invest by firms).
Higher interest rates attract Foreign Investment to NZ.
This increases the demand for the $NZ, therefore
appreciation of the $NZ.
16. Export receipts will drop as it becomes more
expensive for overseas consumers to buy our
exports.
Imported raw materials become relatively
cheaper
17. Growth and Inflation
Growth is an increased amount of GDP being
produced each year.
GDP= AD = C + I + G + (X – M)
If the horizontal axis on our AD/AS model
changes this effects NZ Growth.
How will inflation effect Growth???
18. Trade and Inflation
Inflation pushes NZ costs of production up
E.g. a good that costs $100 to make will soon cost $110 to
make.
The higher costs of production will then usually be
passed onto consumers (our international trading
partners).
Our goods become relatively more expensive
compared to our international competitors,
therefore we lose out international competitiveness.
X decreases (decreasing net exports).
Imports now become relatively cheaper so M will
increase (decreasing net exports).
