Effect of Glass powder and crumb rubber as fine aggregate in concrete

ISSN 2394-3785 (Online)
Available online at www.ijartet.com
International Journal of Advanced Research Trends in Engineering and Technology (IJARTET)
Vol. II, Special Issue X, March 2015 in association with
HOLY GRACE ACADEMY OF ENGINEERING
ORGANIZES
NATIONAL LEVEL CONFERENCE ON INNOVATIVE ENGINEERING
(16-20
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MARCH 2015)
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All Rights Reserved © 2015 IJARTET
Effect of Both Glass Powder and Crumb Rubber as
Fine Aggregate in Concrete
Lincy Susan Babu1
, Jaseela K. H2
M Tech Student,Department of Civil Engineering , Toc H Institute of Science and Technology, Ernakulam, India1
Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Toc H Institute of Science and Technology, Ernakulam, India2
Abstract: Concrete industry consumes large amount of natural river sand as fine aggregate in concrete. Discarded
automobile tyres and waste sheet glass cuttings are becoming a serious environmental problem. This paper focus on the
utilization of both glass powder (GP) and crumb rubber (CR) as partial replacement to river sand in concrete to reduce
environmental pollution and to conserve natural river sand. OPC was partly replaced with 20% of fly ash to reduce the
Alkali Silica Reaction (ASR) due to the silica rich glass particles. The paper shows the combined use of GP and CR as
partial replacement of river sand at level of 0, 10 & 20% in M25 grade concrete with three variations. Compressive strength
and split tensile strength values were recorded at 7 and 28 days after normal curing.
Keywords: River sand, glass powder, crumb rubber
I. INTRODUCTION
Concrete industry is one of the largest consumers of
natural resources such as river sand. As the construction
activities are increasing, demand for river sand also
increasing every day. In order to make concrete industry
sustainable, it is necessary to introduce waste materials to
serve the purpose of the river sand.
Glass is widely used in day-to-day life through
manufactured products such as window glass, bottles and
glassware. It has been recognized that many sheet glass
cuttings go to waste in the shops and construction areas.
The land filling of waste glasses is undesirable because
they are not environment friendly.
Application of waste glasses as aggregate is limited
due to the expansion in concrete due to Alkali-Silika-
Reaction (ASR). ASR occurs when the alkalis from
Portland cement react with silicate present in the
aggregate in the pore fluid of concrete to form alkali-
silicate gel. Preventive action can be achieved by the use
of fly ash or ground granulated blast furnace slag as part
replacement of Ordinary Portland Cement at appropriate
proportions [13].
Other major area of concern is the discarded rubber
tyres from the automobile industry. Billions of tyres are
being discarded and buried all over the world
representing a serious ecological threat [3]. Use of crumb
rubber aggregate, derived from automobile tyres has
increased over the past twenty years.
Now days it is essential to consume or dispose waste
sheet glass cuttings and discarded tyre rubber to prevent
environmental pollution. One solution is to use these
waste products as fine aggregate in concrete to reduce the
usage of natural river sand.
II. RELATED WORKS
Ahmad Shayan [1] has experimented on three aspects of
glass utilization in concrete as coarse aggregate, fine
aggregate and supplementary cementitious material. He
suggested that up to 50% of each fine and coarse glass
could be used in some structural and non structural
applications with fly ash as supplementary cementitious
materials.
Turgut and Yahlizade [18] have investigated the
suitability of white window glass waste as fine aggregate
in concrete paving blocks. They found that fine glass
particles (0 to 1.18 mm) as fine aggregate in concrete
improved the compressive strength, splitting tensile
strength and flexural strength of concrete than coarse glass
particles (0 to 4.75mm).
Mageswari and Vidivelli [17] have found that optimum
replacement level of sheet glass powder as fine aggregate
was 10%.
Thomas et al. [3] have investigated the suitability of
waste tyre rubber in cement concrete as a partial
replacement for natural river sand. They observed that the
density, compressive strength and flexural strength were
decreased as the percentage of crumb rubber increased.

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They have concluded that the crumb rubber can be utilized
for the partial replacement for natural fine aggregates up to
7.5% without enough reduction in desired strength.
The researchers have not concentrated on the combined
use of waste glass powder and crumb rubber as fine
aggregate in concrete.
III. SCOPE OF RESEARCH
Scope of the research is to conserve river sand and to
reduce environment pollution by the effective utilization of
discarded rubber tyre and waste sheet glass cuttings.
IV.METHODOLOGY
A. Raw Materials
Ordinary Portland Cement of 53 grade conforming to
IS 12269 was used for the experiment (specific gravity
3.125, consistency 31%, initial setting time 40min). OPC
was blended with fly ash conforming to IS 1727 (specific
gravity 2.4). Crushed metal of 20mm size from a local
source were used as coarse aggregate (specific gravity
2.76, finenesss modulus 5.15). Natural River sand
conforming to zone II of IS: 383 were used as fine
aggregate (specific gravity 2.63, fineness modulus 2.56).
White waste glass sheet cuttings collected from local
glass shops and construction areas is used. Grinding of
glass sheets was done using Los Angels abrasion testing
machine. Glass powder passing through IS 1.18 mm sieve
was used for investigation (specific gravity 2.07, fineness
modulus 2.1).
Crumb rubber produced by grinding scrap tyre and
passing through IS 1.18 mm sieve were used (specific
gravity 0.63, fineness modulus 0.63).
Different sizes of glass powder and crumb rubber were
mixed in definite percentages to bring them to zone II of IS
383(Fig.1). Percentages chosen were 15% (0.6 to 1.18mm),
35% (0.3 to 0.6mm) and 25% (0 to 0.3mm) by weight.
B. Preparation of Specimens
To study the suitability of combined use of glass
powder and crumb rubber as fine aggregate in concrete,
M25 grade concrete was designed as per IS 10262:2009
with water to binder ratio 0.45. The ratio of cement, fly
ash, sand and coarse aggregate are 1:0.25:1.57:2.87.
Natural sand was replaced with combination of glass
powder and crumb rubber at levels of 0, 10% and 20% in
three variations. Replacement ratios are given in Table 1.
Six cubes of size 150mm x 150mm x 150mm were casted
for 7 and 28 days compressive strength test. Six cylinders
of size 150mm x 300mm were casted for 7 and 28 days
splitting tensile strength test. Specimens were de-moulded
after 24h. Curing was done in water tank.
SIEVE ANALYSIS OF COMBINED FINE AGGREGATE
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
1.00 10.00
Sieve size (mm)
Percentagefiner
90% R S +3% GP+7% C R
90% RS +5% GP +5% CR
90% RS +7% GP +3% CR
80% RS +6% GP +14% CR
80% RS +10% GP +10% CR
80% RS +14% GP +6% CR
Boundary
Fig. 1 Sieve analysis of combined fine aagregate
TABLE I
REPLACEMENT RATIOS
Percentage
replacement of sand
Mix ID
GP & CR Combination
GP(%) CR(%)
0 A0 0 0
10
A1 3 7
A2 5 5
A3 7 3
20
A4 6 14
A5 10 10
A6 14 6
V. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
A. Compressive Strength
The cube specimens were tested for compressive strength
after 7 and 28 days of curing as per IS 516: 1959. The results
showing the variation in compressive strength (average of 3

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89
values) is given in Fig. 2. Compressive strength showed an
increasing trend when the percentage of glass powder is
increased. Specimens having 10%GP & 10% CR
combination showed 42% increase in 7th
day compressive
strength and 22.2% increase in 28th
day compressive strength
than control mix.
COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH
20.19 20.35
25.88
23.41
29.75
24.26
31.9
29.43 30.09
33.98
32.1
38.98
30.27
20.95
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
C
ontrol
(3%
G
P+7%
C
R)
(5%
G
P+5%
C
R)
(7%
G
P+3%
C
R)(6%
G
P+14%
CR
)(10%
G
P+10%
C
R
)(14%
G
P+6%
CR
)
Mix Proportions
Compressivestrength
(N/mm2)
7th day 28th day
Fig. 2 Compressive strength after 7 and 28 days
B. Splitting Tensile strength
The cylinder specimens were tested for splitting tensile
strength after 7 and 28 days of curing as per IS 5816: 1999.
Variation in splitting tensile strength is shown in Fig. 3.
Slight increase in splitting tensile strength occurred with an
increase in glass powder percentage. 10% GP & 10% CR
combination showed 5.46% and 0.83% increase in splitting
tensile strength than control mix for 7 and 28 days.
Fig. 3 Splitting strength after 7 and 28 days
VI.CONCLUSION
Experiments were conducted to investigate the suitability
of combination of glass powder and crumb rubber as partial
replacement to natural river sand. M25 grade concrete was
designed with water/ binder ratio of 0.45. Compressive and
splitting tensile strength of specimens was determined.
It was observed that combination of glass powder and
crumb rubber can be utilized for the partial replacement of
natural river sand. It can be recommended for the structural
and non structural works.
ACKNOWLEDGEMNT
The authors gratefully acknowledge the support provided
by the Hindustan News Print Limited, Velloor, Kottayam,
Kerala.
REFERENCES
[1] Ahmad Shayan (2002), “Value-added utilization of waste
glass in concrete” IABSE Symposium Melbourne
[2] Ali O. Atahan and Ayhan Oner Yucel (2012), “ Crumb
rubber in concrete: Static and dynamic evaluation”
Construction and Building Materials, vol.36 pp. 617-622
[3] B. S. Thomas, R. C. Gupta, P. kalla and L. Cseteneyi
(2014)., “Strength, abrasion and permeation characteristics of
cement concrete containing discarded rubber fine aggregates”
Construction and Building Materials, vol.59 pp. 204-212
[4] C. Meyer, N. Egosi and C. Andela (2001), “ Concrete with
waste glass as aggregate” International Symposium Concrete
Technology Unit of ASCE
[5] El-Gammal, A.K Abdel-Gawad, Y.El-Sherbini and A.
Shalaby (2010), “Compressive Strength of Concrete Utilizing
Waste Tire Rubber”, Journal Of Emerging Trends In
Engineering and Applied Sciences, pp.96-99.
[6] Ilker Bekir Topcu and Mahmet Canbaz (2004), “ Properties
Of Concrete Containing Waste Glass”, Cement and Concrete
Research,ELSEVIER, pp.267-274.
[7] IS 10262:2009, Concrete Mix Proportioning Guidelines
[8] IS 12269:1987, Indian standard specification for 53 grade
ordinary Portland cement
[9] IS 1727:1967, Indian standard Methods of test for pozzolanic
materials
[10] IS 2386:1963, Methods of tests for aggregates for concrete,
part 3: Specific Gravity, Density, voids, absorption and bulking
[11] IS 3812:2003, Indian standard Pulverized fuel ash-
specifications
SPLITTING TENSILE STRENGTH (M25)
2.31 2.33 2.36 2.35 2.51 2.42
3.61
2.69
3.05
3.38 3.23
3.64
3.34
2.38
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
Control
(3%
GP+7%
CR)
(5%
GP+5%
CR)
(7%
GP+3%
CR)(6%
GP+14%
CR)(10%
GP+10%
CR)(14%
GP+6%
CR)
Mix Proportions
Splittingtensilestrength
(N/mm2)
7th day 28thday

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[12] IS 383:1970, Specification for coarse and fine aggregates
from natural sources for concrete
[13] IS 456:2000, Plain and reinforced concrete
[14] IS 516:1959, Indian Standard Methods of test for strength of
concrete
[15] IS5816: 1999, Indian standard splitting tensile strength of
concrete- method of test
[16] M Mageswari and Dr. B Vidivelli (2010)., “The use of sheet
glass powder as fine aggregate replacement in concrete” The
open civil engineering journal, vol.4, pp. 65-71
[17] P. Turgut and E. S. Yahlizade (2009), “ Research in to
concrete blocks with waste glass” World Academy of Science,
Engineering And Technology, vol.3 pp. 495-500
[18] Piti Sukontasukkul (2009), “ Use of Crumb Rubber To
Improve Thermal And Sound Properties of Pre- cast Concrete
Panel”, Construction and Building Materials, ELSEVIER,
pp.1084-1092

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