Brief description of diseases under EENT Source: Gapuz reviewer book

1. Sensorineural Disorders

2. Terms to remember
 Astigmatism
 Blurred vision due to irregular
shape of the cornea or lens
that prevents proper focusing
of light on the retina
 Decibel (dB)
 Measurement of intensity of
sound waves
 Emmetropia
 Normal vision, perfect vision
 Hyperopia
 farsightedness
 Legally blind
 Vision of 20/200 that cannot be
improved with corrective lenses
 Myopia
 nearsightedness
 Mydriatic
 Causes pupillary dilation
 Presbycussis
 Age-related sensorineural
hearing loss
 Presbyopia
 Difficulty in focusing on near
objects due to loss of flexibility
of the crystalline lens due to
aging

3. Essential Procedures

4. Tonometry
 To measure
intraocular
pressure (IOP)
 Normal: 12-21
mmHg (Mosby);
10-20 mmHg
(Brunner)

5. Eyes

6. Flashback!

8. Cataract
 Main problem
 Opacity of the lens usually associated with aging, prolonged intake of
steroids and chromosomal aberrations
 Initial Manifestation
 Painless blurring of vision
 Laboratory Data
 Slit lamp test reveals milky white color of the pupils
 Intervention
 Prepare the patient for surgery. Post-op instruct the client to avoid activities
that require bending
 Report sudden eye pain
 Avoid lifting and rapid head movements

10. Glaucoma
 Main Problem
 Increased
intraocular
pressure due to
accumulation of
aqueous humor
 Initial Manifestation
 Tunnel Vision
 Laboratory data
 Tonometry reading
of 25 mmHg and
above
 Intervention
 Explain to the client that
glaucoma CANNOT be
cured but can be controlled
 Instruct the client to avoid
lifting, pushing, emotional
upsets and exposure to
URTI: may increase IOP
 Instruct the client to avoid
products that contains
atropine sulfate
 Explain to the client that
trabeculoplasty involves
creation of an opening to
increase outflow

12. Retinal Detachment
 Main Problem
 Separation of the sensory retina from the pigment epithelium of the
retina
 Initial Manifestation
 Visual floaters described by clients as “cobwebs” or “curtains” in the
eyes; flashing of lights and visual field loss
 Laboratory Data
 Eye exam
 Opthalmoscopy
 Interventions
 Priority is immediate bed rest
 Position the client with the affected side towards the bed
 Avoid coughing, sneezing, sudden eye movement and straining
 Prepare the client for eye surgery

13. Ears

14. Flashback!!!

15. Essential Procedures

16. Rinne’s Test
 To differentiate between conductive and sensorineural
hearing losses

17. Weber’s Test
 To detect the
presence of
unilateral
hearing loss

19. Otosclerosis
 Main Problem
 Overgrowth of spongy bones in the middle ear
 Manifestation
 Tinnitus
 Conductive Hearing loss
 Laboratory data
 Audiometry reveals hearing loss
 Intervention
 Prepare the client for surgery
 After surgery, instruct the client to void blowing the nose,
diving, smoking, flying in small plane

21. Meniere’s Disease
 A.K.A.
– Endolymphatic
hydrops
 Main problem
 Dilation of the
endolymphatic system
causing degeneration of
the vestibular and cochlear
cells in the inner ear.
 Affects CN VIII
 Manifestation
 Vertigo
 Tinnitus
 Sensorineural hearing loss
 Interventions
 Priority: PROMOTE
CLIENT SAFETY
 Keep the client in supine
position during attack of
vertigo
 Maintain low sodium
diet
 Encourage the client to
stop smoking
 Keep the room dark
when photophobia is
present

22. End