3. Measures distance
and near vision
Maintain 20 feet
distance

6. Examines the visual fields or peripheral
vision
Instructions:
Facing each other (examiner and the
patient)
Examiner- cover his/her right eye
Patient- covers his/her left eye
The test assumes that the examiner has
a normal peripheral vision

7. Six cardinal positions of gaze.
Client holds head still and is asked
to move eyes and to follow a small
object.

8. Ishihara Polychromatic
plate:
Consists of numbers
that are composed of
colored dots.
Client is asked to read
using each eye.
Assesses red or green
blindness

9. Normal pupil:
P-upil
E-qual
R-ound
R-eactive
L-ight reacting
A-ccommodation

10. Sclera
Normal color is dull white
Yellow sclera indicates a problem
Cornea
Normal cornea is transparent,
smooth, shiny, and bright
Cloudy areas or specks indicates
an eye accident or injury

11. Hand held device
Darken the room
The examiner:
Uses right hand and right eye to
examine the right eye of the
patient
Uses left hand and left eye to
examine the left eye of the patient

13. Series of photographs after the
administration of a dye.
Assess for allergy.
Administer mydriatic 1 hour before the test.
Prepare IM antihistamines.
Encourage fluid intake after the procedure.
Expect photophobia.

14. A cross sectional
image is formed by the
use of a computer
The patient will be
positioned in a
confined space

15. The client lean on a chin rest to
stabilize the head
Advise the client about the brightness
of the light

16. Topical dye is instilled
into the conjunctival sac
The eye is viewed
through a blue filter
Instruct the client to
blink the eye after the
dye has been applied
Bright green color-
indicates non-intact
corneal epithelium

17. Measures IOP
Non-Contact tonometry
Use of air puff to flatten the cornea
Contact tonometry
Use of anesthesia
Instruct the patient not to rub the eye
after the procedure

20. 20/200 visual acuity.
Alert the patient
Allow the client to touch the environment
Clock placement of food
Dependence of the patient avoided
Dominant hand – cane is placed
Environmental safety is priority

22. Complete or Partial Opacity of the lens
Causes:
Congenital
Ageing
Nutritional deficiency
Trauma
Secondary

23. Common Clinical Manifestations:
Absence of red reflex
Blurring of vision
Color blindness
Decrease visual acuity
Painless
Opaque/milky white

26. Increase IOP due to OVERPRODUCTION
of Aqueous Humor or OBSTRUCTION in
the flow of Aqueous Humor

27. Risk factors:
Familial tendency
Age
Myopia
Secondary diseases

28. Common Clinical Manifestations:
Loss of peripheral vision
Elevated IOP
Halos around white lights
Frontal Headache
Tunnel vision

29. Lifelong medication use:
Beta blockers
Anhydrase inhibitors
Hyperosmotics
Miotics
Avoid:
Anticholinergics
Benadryl
Cogentin
Pharmacotherapy first followed by surgical
approach
Prevent increase in IOP

30. Tear and separation of retinal layer due
to vitreous pull.
Causes:
Tractional
Exudative
Rhegmatogenous

31. Common Clinical Manifestations:

34. A deterioration of the macula, the area
of central vision, commonly caused by:
Ageing
Common Clinical Manifestations:
Blurring of vision
Central vision affected

37. Pen hold position
Pink – normal color of the external canal
Pearly gray and slightly concave – normal
Tympanic membrane
Pull the pinna:

38. Weber’s test
Place the vibrating fork stem in the:
Middle of the client’s forehead.
Midline of the forehead.
Upper lip over the teeth .
Normal: tone is heard equally in OU.
CHL: tone is heard in the affected ear.
SHL: tone is heard in the unaffected ear.

39. Rinne’s test
Compares:
Air conduction: place the vibrating tuning fork
2 inches away from opening of the ear.
Bone conduction: place the vibrating tuning
fork against the mastoid bone.
Normal: air conduction is better than bone
conduction – positive Rinne’s test.
CHL: tone is louder behind the ear – negative
Rinne’s test.
SHL: the test is of no value in determining SHL

40. Romberg’s Sign
Stand with feet together.
Arms hanging loosely at the side.
Close eyes.
Mild swaying is normal.
Obvious swaying is a positive Romberg’s
sign.

42. Infective inflammatory or allergic response
involving the auricle
Swimmer’s ear
Common Clinical Manifestations:
Pain
Itching
Plugged feeling in the ear
Exudate, edema
Redness

44. Infective, inflammatory or allergic
response involving the structure of the
middle ear as a result of blocked
Eustachian tube.
Risk factors:
Upper RTI.
Common in infant and children.

45. Common Clinical Manifestations:
Fever and loss of appetite.
Irritability, rolling of head from side to
side.
Red, bulging tympanic membrane.
Earache, ear drainage.

46. Medical and Nursing Management:
Analgesic and Antibiotic.
Local heat application affected ear down.
Upright position when feeding.
Fluid intake increased.
Myringotomy – equalizes pressure and
maintains aeration.
Keep the ears dry.
Earplugs during swimming, shampooing and
bathing.
No to diving and submerging under water.

47. Due to untreated or inadequately treated acute
or chronic otitis media.
Common Clinical Manifestations:
Swelling behind the ear
Unrelieved by myringotomy
Low grade fever
A reddened, dull, thick, immobile tympanic
membrane with or without perforation
Tender or enlarged post auricular lymph
nodes

49. Bony overgrowth of the tissue surrounding the
ossicles.
This results to stapes fixation leading to
Conductive Hearing Loss.
Causes:
Unknown.
Familial tendency.
Common Clinical Manifestations:
Schwartze’s sign.
Weber’s test to the affected ear.
Aringing or roaring type of tinnitus.
Negative Rinne’s test.

51. Also called ENDOLYMPHATIC HYDROPS
Causes:
Bacterial.
Allergy.
Viral.
Any factor that increases endolymphatic
secretion.

52. Classic triad of symptoms:
VERTIGO
TINNITUS
SENSORINEURAL HEARING LOSS
Severe headache
Nausea and vomiting
Nystagmus

53. SAFETY – priority
DIET – low sodium
PHARMACOTHERAPY – 3 As:
Antihistamine, Antivertigo, Antiemetics
plus niacin.
SURGERY – vestibular nerve resection.