EE448-Electrical Power Engineering-lecture 13.pptx
•Download as PPTX, PDF•
0 likes•2 views
electric power protection
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
Electrical Troubleshooting
This document provides an overview of basic electrical concepts and principles including AC/DC circuits, voltage, current, resistance, and Ohm's law. It also discusses power in electrical circuits including real, reactive, and apparent power as well as power factor. Additional topics covered include single and three-phase power systems, transformers including types and connections, and electrical devices and symbols used in control circuits. Control circuits are described including AND, OR, and combined logic operations. The document concludes with discussing reading electrical drawings and a workshop practical example.
Electrical measurement & measuring instruments [emmi (nee-302) -unit-2]
The document provides information about instrument transformers, specifically current transformers (CTs) and potential transformers (PTs). It discusses their construction, working principles, applications, specifications, and connections. CTs are used to measure high currents by producing a proportional low current in their secondary winding. PTs are step-down transformers that allow measurement of high voltages using low-range voltmeters. Proper use and specifications of these transformers are important to ensure accurate measurements and avoid issues like saturation.
CT & PT.pptx
Instrument transformers are used to measure high voltages and currents safely. They have two main types - current transformers (CT) and potential transformers. CTs produce a proportional low current output from a high current input. Potential transformers produce a proportional low voltage output from a high voltage input. Instrument transformers are used for measurement, protection of equipment, and control of power systems. Their operation is similar to regular transformers, but they are designed to work with measuring instruments or protective relays.
Introduction to CTs and PTs
This presentation was given at the PREA Meter School and gives an introduction into current transformers and potential transformers. 03/10/20.
Introduction to CTs and PTs
This presentation was given at the MEUA Meter School and gives an introduction into current transformers and potential transformers. 03/04/20.
3 phase current source inverter
This document discusses the design of a three-phase current source inverter. It describes the main components of the current source inverter including a chopper circuit, inverter switching arrangement, and control circuit. Shift registers are used to generate six pulse signals with 60 degree phase shifts that are fed to the thyristors to produce the three-phase output. The current source inverter provides advantages over voltage source inverters like short circuit protection and simpler control circuits.
Lecture (11.11.22).pptx
This document discusses power system protection components like current transformers (CT), potential transformers (PT), fuses, and directional relays. It provides details on how CTs and PTs work to step down high voltages and currents in power lines to safer levels for instruments and relays. It also notes some issues with circulating current differential protection due to non-identical CT characteristics that can cause unwanted relay operation, and how biased differential protection helps overcome this.
Recommended
Electrical Troubleshooting
This document provides an overview of basic electrical concepts and principles including AC/DC circuits, voltage, current, resistance, and Ohm's law. It also discusses power in electrical circuits including real, reactive, and apparent power as well as power factor. Additional topics covered include single and three-phase power systems, transformers including types and connections, and electrical devices and symbols used in control circuits. Control circuits are described including AND, OR, and combined logic operations. The document concludes with discussing reading electrical drawings and a workshop practical example.
Electrical measurement & measuring instruments [emmi (nee-302) -unit-2]
The document provides information about instrument transformers, specifically current transformers (CTs) and potential transformers (PTs). It discusses their construction, working principles, applications, specifications, and connections. CTs are used to measure high currents by producing a proportional low current in their secondary winding. PTs are step-down transformers that allow measurement of high voltages using low-range voltmeters. Proper use and specifications of these transformers are important to ensure accurate measurements and avoid issues like saturation.
CT & PT.pptx
Instrument transformers are used to measure high voltages and currents safely. They have two main types - current transformers (CT) and potential transformers. CTs produce a proportional low current output from a high current input. Potential transformers produce a proportional low voltage output from a high voltage input. Instrument transformers are used for measurement, protection of equipment, and control of power systems. Their operation is similar to regular transformers, but they are designed to work with measuring instruments or protective relays.
Introduction to CTs and PTs
This presentation was given at the PREA Meter School and gives an introduction into current transformers and potential transformers. 03/10/20.
Introduction to CTs and PTs
This presentation was given at the MEUA Meter School and gives an introduction into current transformers and potential transformers. 03/04/20.
3 phase current source inverter
This document discusses the design of a three-phase current source inverter. It describes the main components of the current source inverter including a chopper circuit, inverter switching arrangement, and control circuit. Shift registers are used to generate six pulse signals with 60 degree phase shifts that are fed to the thyristors to produce the three-phase output. The current source inverter provides advantages over voltage source inverters like short circuit protection and simpler control circuits.
Lecture (11.11.22).pptx
This document discusses power system protection components like current transformers (CT), potential transformers (PT), fuses, and directional relays. It provides details on how CTs and PTs work to step down high voltages and currents in power lines to safer levels for instruments and relays. It also notes some issues with circulating current differential protection due to non-identical CT characteristics that can cause unwanted relay operation, and how biased differential protection helps overcome this.
Introduction to CTs and PTs
Learn about Instrument transformers, current transformers, and potential transformers in this presentation given by Georgia Power at the Caribbean Meter School. 01/29/2019
Current transformer (ct)
Current transformers are used to measure high alternating currents and provide safety isolation. They work by inducing a current in the secondary winding that is proportional to the primary current passing through the transformer core. Current transformers scale down large primary currents to safer secondary currents used for instrumentation and protection devices. They are used extensively in power generation, transmission and distribution systems to monitor operations and protect equipment.
Oscillators
An oscillator is an electronic circuit that produces repetitive waveforms without an external input signal. It uses positive feedback to sustain oscillations, with the frequency determined by circuit components like inductors and capacitors. Common types include sinusoidal oscillators that produce sine waves, and relaxation oscillators that produce non-sinusoidal waves like square waves. Oscillators are essential components in many electronic devices and systems to generate stable frequency signals.
Instrument Transformer Presentation
The document summarizes instrument transformers, which are used to isolate protection, control, and measurement equipment from high voltages in power systems. It discusses current transformers (CTs) and potential transformers (PTs). CTs reduce system current to a lower value for measurement. They function by inducing a current in a secondary winding from the magnetic field of a primary winding connected to the power circuit. PTs provide isolation from high voltages and measure voltage. They have errors in voltage ratio and phase angle between primary and secondary voltages.
Relay
The document discusses various components and principles of power system protection. It describes the objectives of protection systems as keeping the power system stable by isolating only faulted components. The main components of protection systems are listed as current and voltage transformers, protective relays, circuit breakers, batteries, and communication channels. Key qualities of protection systems are described as reliability, selectivity, fastness of operation, and discrimination. Common types of relays and their operating principles are also outlined.
Implementation of FC-TCR for Reactive Power Control
This document discusses the implementation of a Fixed Capacitor Thyristor Controlled Reactor (FC-TCR) system for reactive power control. FC-TCR is a type of Static VAR Compensator (SVC) that can inject or absorb reactive power to control voltage. It consists of a fixed capacitor in parallel with a thyristor controlled reactor. The reactor current is controlled by varying the firing angle of thyristors, allowing both lagging and leading reactive power. MATLAB simulation results show that reactive power output from the FC-TCR increases as the reactor inductance increases while keeping the capacitor constant, demonstrating effective reactive power control.
Automotive Mechatronic system .pptx
An H-bridge is an electronic circuit that controls the direction and speed of a DC motor. It consists of four switches arranged in an 'H' shape with the motor in the center. By opening and closing the switches in different patterns, the direction and speed of current through the motor can be controlled. An H-bridge circuit uses components like transistors, diodes, and resistors. A DC motor's rotation is produced through the interaction of a current-carrying wire and an external magnetic field, based on the Lorentz force principle. The motor's torque and back EMF can be modeled mathematically based on factors like current, magnetic field strength, and angular velocity. Modeling a DC motor involves applying Kirchhoff's
PED drivers t5656979089897877ghvvnvgcxxn
This document discusses power electronics and drives, including AC converters and electrical drives. It covers inverters that convert DC to AC, including half-bridge and full-bridge single-phase inverters. It also discusses AC-AC converters like AC voltage controllers and cycloconverters. For electrical drives, it defines them, compares mechanical and electrical drives, and shows the basic block diagram of an electrical drive system including the power source, power modulator, motor, load, and control unit.
UNIT-3-PPT (2).pptx
This document discusses reactive power and voltage control. It covers topics such as the generation and absorption of reactive power, excitation systems, static and dynamic analysis, stability compensation, and various methods of voltage control including tap-changing transformers, static VAR compensators, and FACTS devices. Excitation systems are modeled and the closed-loop automatic voltage regulator model is derived. Static and dynamic analyses of the voltage regulator loop are presented to evaluate stability and response.
Short notes on digital electronics for specialist officer it exam by das sir,...
For Study Material Or Coaching Of Any Government Job Exam Like Bank/Rail/SSC Etc Or Any Other Entrance Exam Call 08961556195/09874581055
Antony2015
This document presents a design and simulation of a boost converter with input ripple cancellation for applications like fuel cells. It proposes a boost converter with a tapped inductor and ripple cancellation network (RCN) consisting of a small inductor and capacitor. This helps reduce input current ripples compared to a conventional boost converter. The RCN achieves input ripple cancellation by having its inductor current increase as the main inductor current decreases and vice versa. Simulation results show the proposed converter has lower input current ripple while maintaining output voltage regulation through a closed loop controller.
Factors to be considered while selecting CT
The document discusses key factors to consider when selecting current transformers (CTs). It covers:
- CT functions such as supplying protective relays with proportional currents and isolating measuring devices from high voltages.
- Principles such as magnetic flux inducing proportional secondary currents and high current transformation ratios.
- Types including bar, wound, and window types based on construction and measuring vs protective functions.
- Additional factors like accuracy class, knee-point voltage, burden, short-time current rating, and accuracy limit factor which influence performance during faults. Proper consideration of these factors is important for specifying CTs suited for an application's requirements.
Basic Electricity
The document provides an introduction to electricity, including its behavior at the atomic level. It describes how electricity is created through the movement of electrons between atoms. It also explains key concepts in electrical circuits such as voltage, current, resistance, and Ohm's law. Circuit configurations such as series and parallel are defined, and equations like Kirchhoff's laws are presented for analyzing circuits.
Electricity
This document provides an introduction to electricity, including:
1) It explains electricity at the atomic level, describing atoms, protons, neutrons, electrons, and electron orbitals.
2) It introduces concepts of conductors and insulators, explaining that conductors have 1-3 valence electrons allowing electron flow between atoms, while insulators have 5-8 valence electrons making flow difficult.
3) It describes the basics of electrical circuits, including current, voltage, resistance, and Ohm's Law, and how to measure these properties with a multimeter. Kirchhoff's Laws for series and parallel circuits are also introduced.
0.2.ppt/963683853838386386383685635635434534
The document provides an introduction to electricity, including its behavior at the atomic level. It describes how electricity is created through the movement of electrons between atoms. It also explains key concepts in electrical circuits such as voltage, current, resistance, and Ohm's law. Circuit configurations such as series and parallel are defined, and equations like Kirchhoff's laws are presented for analyzing circuits.
BEF43303_-_201620171_W10.pdf
This document discusses distance protection in power systems. It begins by introducing system protection and explaining why it is needed to protect systems from short circuits. It then describes the typical components of a protection system including instrument transformers, relays, and circuit breakers. Current transformers and voltage transformers are explained in detail, including their purposes, characteristics, and how they are used to scale down high voltages and currents for relay operation. Examples are provided to demonstrate how to evaluate current transformer performance.
Dc chopper and switching ps vr
1. A chopper is a static device that converts a fixed DC input voltage to a variable DC output voltage directly through high-speed switching.
2. It operates by connecting the source to the load and disconnecting the load from the source at a fast rate, producing a chopped output voltage from a constant DC supply.
3. By varying the ON and OFF times of the switching semiconductor, the average output voltage can be controlled and varied as needed.
ECE 505 Power electronics final paper
This document summarizes a student project to design a buck converter circuit. Key details include:
1) The project aims to design a buck converter with an input of 10-15V and output of 5.5V ±0.5V capable of handling up to 2A.
2) The student describes their circuit design including a PWM generator using a 555 timer, comparator, and feedback controller to generate a switching signal for an IRF510 MOSFET.
3) Additional components include an inductor, capacitors, and a TIP32G transistor for current limiting. Test results showed the circuit outputting 5.52V across a 10Ω load with 43% efficiency from a 13.
IEEE 2004
This document discusses output capacitor selection for low voltage, high current power supplies used in applications like microprocessors. It derives an equation to calculate the minimum number of capacitors needed to meet transient voltage regulation requirements during load current steps. Different capacitor types are compared based on this calculation, including electrolytic, tantalum, ceramic, and polymer capacitors. Simulation and experimental results are presented to verify the theoretical analysis. The analysis shows that the minimum capacitors required depends on factors like equivalent series resistance, capacitance, current step size, and whether the system frequency is higher or lower than the capacitor's zero frequency. This methodology allows engineers to optimize capacitor selection for cost and performance.
CT design aspects - Nageswar-6
This document discusses various protection schemes and current transformer design requirements to support them. It covers overcurrent, unit, differential, and distance protection. It describes high and low impedance differential protection and the differences in their current transformer requirements. Key factors discussed are current transformer knee point voltage, ratio, burden, and saturation performance for different applications like busbar, generator, and line protection.
More Related Content
Similar to EE448-Electrical Power Engineering-lecture 13.pptx
Introduction to CTs and PTs
Learn about Instrument transformers, current transformers, and potential transformers in this presentation given by Georgia Power at the Caribbean Meter School. 01/29/2019
Current transformer (ct)
Current transformers are used to measure high alternating currents and provide safety isolation. They work by inducing a current in the secondary winding that is proportional to the primary current passing through the transformer core. Current transformers scale down large primary currents to safer secondary currents used for instrumentation and protection devices. They are used extensively in power generation, transmission and distribution systems to monitor operations and protect equipment.
Oscillators
An oscillator is an electronic circuit that produces repetitive waveforms without an external input signal. It uses positive feedback to sustain oscillations, with the frequency determined by circuit components like inductors and capacitors. Common types include sinusoidal oscillators that produce sine waves, and relaxation oscillators that produce non-sinusoidal waves like square waves. Oscillators are essential components in many electronic devices and systems to generate stable frequency signals.
Instrument Transformer Presentation
The document summarizes instrument transformers, which are used to isolate protection, control, and measurement equipment from high voltages in power systems. It discusses current transformers (CTs) and potential transformers (PTs). CTs reduce system current to a lower value for measurement. They function by inducing a current in a secondary winding from the magnetic field of a primary winding connected to the power circuit. PTs provide isolation from high voltages and measure voltage. They have errors in voltage ratio and phase angle between primary and secondary voltages.
Relay
The document discusses various components and principles of power system protection. It describes the objectives of protection systems as keeping the power system stable by isolating only faulted components. The main components of protection systems are listed as current and voltage transformers, protective relays, circuit breakers, batteries, and communication channels. Key qualities of protection systems are described as reliability, selectivity, fastness of operation, and discrimination. Common types of relays and their operating principles are also outlined.
Implementation of FC-TCR for Reactive Power Control
This document discusses the implementation of a Fixed Capacitor Thyristor Controlled Reactor (FC-TCR) system for reactive power control. FC-TCR is a type of Static VAR Compensator (SVC) that can inject or absorb reactive power to control voltage. It consists of a fixed capacitor in parallel with a thyristor controlled reactor. The reactor current is controlled by varying the firing angle of thyristors, allowing both lagging and leading reactive power. MATLAB simulation results show that reactive power output from the FC-TCR increases as the reactor inductance increases while keeping the capacitor constant, demonstrating effective reactive power control.
Automotive Mechatronic system .pptx
An H-bridge is an electronic circuit that controls the direction and speed of a DC motor. It consists of four switches arranged in an 'H' shape with the motor in the center. By opening and closing the switches in different patterns, the direction and speed of current through the motor can be controlled. An H-bridge circuit uses components like transistors, diodes, and resistors. A DC motor's rotation is produced through the interaction of a current-carrying wire and an external magnetic field, based on the Lorentz force principle. The motor's torque and back EMF can be modeled mathematically based on factors like current, magnetic field strength, and angular velocity. Modeling a DC motor involves applying Kirchhoff's
PED drivers t5656979089897877ghvvnvgcxxn
This document discusses power electronics and drives, including AC converters and electrical drives. It covers inverters that convert DC to AC, including half-bridge and full-bridge single-phase inverters. It also discusses AC-AC converters like AC voltage controllers and cycloconverters. For electrical drives, it defines them, compares mechanical and electrical drives, and shows the basic block diagram of an electrical drive system including the power source, power modulator, motor, load, and control unit.
UNIT-3-PPT (2).pptx
This document discusses reactive power and voltage control. It covers topics such as the generation and absorption of reactive power, excitation systems, static and dynamic analysis, stability compensation, and various methods of voltage control including tap-changing transformers, static VAR compensators, and FACTS devices. Excitation systems are modeled and the closed-loop automatic voltage regulator model is derived. Static and dynamic analyses of the voltage regulator loop are presented to evaluate stability and response.
Short notes on digital electronics for specialist officer it exam by das sir,...
For Study Material Or Coaching Of Any Government Job Exam Like Bank/Rail/SSC Etc Or Any Other Entrance Exam Call 08961556195/09874581055
Antony2015
This document presents a design and simulation of a boost converter with input ripple cancellation for applications like fuel cells. It proposes a boost converter with a tapped inductor and ripple cancellation network (RCN) consisting of a small inductor and capacitor. This helps reduce input current ripples compared to a conventional boost converter. The RCN achieves input ripple cancellation by having its inductor current increase as the main inductor current decreases and vice versa. Simulation results show the proposed converter has lower input current ripple while maintaining output voltage regulation through a closed loop controller.
Factors to be considered while selecting CT
The document discusses key factors to consider when selecting current transformers (CTs). It covers:
- CT functions such as supplying protective relays with proportional currents and isolating measuring devices from high voltages.
- Principles such as magnetic flux inducing proportional secondary currents and high current transformation ratios.
- Types including bar, wound, and window types based on construction and measuring vs protective functions.
- Additional factors like accuracy class, knee-point voltage, burden, short-time current rating, and accuracy limit factor which influence performance during faults. Proper consideration of these factors is important for specifying CTs suited for an application's requirements.
Basic Electricity
The document provides an introduction to electricity, including its behavior at the atomic level. It describes how electricity is created through the movement of electrons between atoms. It also explains key concepts in electrical circuits such as voltage, current, resistance, and Ohm's law. Circuit configurations such as series and parallel are defined, and equations like Kirchhoff's laws are presented for analyzing circuits.
Electricity
This document provides an introduction to electricity, including:
1) It explains electricity at the atomic level, describing atoms, protons, neutrons, electrons, and electron orbitals.
2) It introduces concepts of conductors and insulators, explaining that conductors have 1-3 valence electrons allowing electron flow between atoms, while insulators have 5-8 valence electrons making flow difficult.
3) It describes the basics of electrical circuits, including current, voltage, resistance, and Ohm's Law, and how to measure these properties with a multimeter. Kirchhoff's Laws for series and parallel circuits are also introduced.
0.2.ppt/963683853838386386383685635635434534
The document provides an introduction to electricity, including its behavior at the atomic level. It describes how electricity is created through the movement of electrons between atoms. It also explains key concepts in electrical circuits such as voltage, current, resistance, and Ohm's law. Circuit configurations such as series and parallel are defined, and equations like Kirchhoff's laws are presented for analyzing circuits.
BEF43303_-_201620171_W10.pdf
This document discusses distance protection in power systems. It begins by introducing system protection and explaining why it is needed to protect systems from short circuits. It then describes the typical components of a protection system including instrument transformers, relays, and circuit breakers. Current transformers and voltage transformers are explained in detail, including their purposes, characteristics, and how they are used to scale down high voltages and currents for relay operation. Examples are provided to demonstrate how to evaluate current transformer performance.
Dc chopper and switching ps vr
1. A chopper is a static device that converts a fixed DC input voltage to a variable DC output voltage directly through high-speed switching.
2. It operates by connecting the source to the load and disconnecting the load from the source at a fast rate, producing a chopped output voltage from a constant DC supply.
3. By varying the ON and OFF times of the switching semiconductor, the average output voltage can be controlled and varied as needed.
ECE 505 Power electronics final paper
This document summarizes a student project to design a buck converter circuit. Key details include:
1) The project aims to design a buck converter with an input of 10-15V and output of 5.5V ±0.5V capable of handling up to 2A.
2) The student describes their circuit design including a PWM generator using a 555 timer, comparator, and feedback controller to generate a switching signal for an IRF510 MOSFET.
3) Additional components include an inductor, capacitors, and a TIP32G transistor for current limiting. Test results showed the circuit outputting 5.52V across a 10Ω load with 43% efficiency from a 13.
IEEE 2004
This document discusses output capacitor selection for low voltage, high current power supplies used in applications like microprocessors. It derives an equation to calculate the minimum number of capacitors needed to meet transient voltage regulation requirements during load current steps. Different capacitor types are compared based on this calculation, including electrolytic, tantalum, ceramic, and polymer capacitors. Simulation and experimental results are presented to verify the theoretical analysis. The analysis shows that the minimum capacitors required depends on factors like equivalent series resistance, capacitance, current step size, and whether the system frequency is higher or lower than the capacitor's zero frequency. This methodology allows engineers to optimize capacitor selection for cost and performance.
CT design aspects - Nageswar-6
This document discusses various protection schemes and current transformer design requirements to support them. It covers overcurrent, unit, differential, and distance protection. It describes high and low impedance differential protection and the differences in their current transformer requirements. Key factors discussed are current transformer knee point voltage, ratio, burden, and saturation performance for different applications like busbar, generator, and line protection.
Similar to EE448-Electrical Power Engineering-lecture 13.pptx (20)
Implementation of FC-TCR for Reactive Power Control
Implementation of FC-TCR for Reactive Power Control
Short notes on digital electronics for specialist officer it exam by das sir,...
Short notes on digital electronics for specialist officer it exam by das sir,...
More from monaibrahim598401
Electric and Magnetic Fields (EEE2303)-lecture 1-3 - Vector Analysis.pptx
This document discusses vector analysis and coordinate systems. It introduces Cartesian and polar coordinate systems for describing points in space. It explains how to convert between Cartesian and polar coordinates using trigonometric functions. It also discusses vector notation, adding and subtracting vectors graphically and algebraically, and expressing vectors in terms of their x, y, and z components and unit vectors. Key concepts covered include the commutative, associative, and distributive laws for vector addition and multiplication.
Electric and Magnetic Fields (2)-Lecture 14.pptx
This document discusses time-varying magnetic fields and various electromechanical devices:
- A time-varying magnetic field can be produced by an alternating current in a coil, causing the magnetic field to oscillate with the same frequency as the current. This is used in devices like AC motors and generators.
- A transformer uses a time-varying magnetic field produced by an alternating current to induce a voltage in a secondary coil. The ideal transformer equation relates the voltages and currents in the primary and secondary coils.
- An electromechanical relay uses a magnetic field to mechanically operate switch contacts. The energy conversion process in electromagnetic systems involves the transfer of electrical energy input into stored magnetic field energy and mechanical
Nyquist Stability Criterion method of Control Systems
This document provides information about the Biomedical Control Systems module taught by Dr. Muhammad Arif at a university. It includes details like the module code, credit hours, lecture times, office hours, and contact email. The document then provides explanations of Nyquist plots, including how they are used to display the frequency response of linear systems and key points needed to sketch polar plots of different transfer functions. It also covers the Nyquist stability criterion for determining the stability of closed-loop control systems based on analyzing the polar plot.
More from monaibrahim598401 (7)
EE448-Electrical Power Engineering-lecture 13 2.pptx
EE448-Electrical Power Engineering-lecture 13 2.pptx
EE448-Electrical Power Engineering-lecture 14.pptx
EE448-Electrical Power Engineering-lecture 14.pptx
Electric and Magnetic Fields (EEE2303)-lecture 1-3 - Vector Analysis.pptx
Electric and Magnetic Fields (EEE2303)-lecture 1-3 - Vector Analysis.pptx
Nyquist Stability Criterion method of Control Systems
Nyquist Stability Criterion method of Control Systems
Recently uploaded
New techniques for characterising damage in rock slopes.pdf
rock mass characterization and New techniques for characterising damage in rock slopes
Advanced control scheme of doubly fed induction generator for wind turbine us...
This paper describes a speed control device for generating electrical energy on an electricity network based on the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) used for wind power conversion systems. At first, a double-fed induction generator model was constructed. A control law is formulated to govern the flow of energy between the stator of a DFIG and the energy network using three types of controllers: proportional integral (PI), sliding mode controller (SMC) and second order sliding mode controller (SOSMC). Their different results in terms of power reference tracking, reaction to unexpected speed fluctuations, sensitivity to perturbations, and resilience against machine parameter alterations are compared. MATLAB/Simulink was used to conduct the simulations for the preceding study. Multiple simulations have shown very satisfying results, and the investigations demonstrate the efficacy and power-enhancing capabilities of the suggested control system.
Harnessing WebAssembly for Real-time Stateless Streaming Pipelines
Traditionally, dealing with real-time data pipelines has involved significant overhead, even for straightforward tasks like data transformation or masking. However, in this talk, we’ll venture into the dynamic realm of WebAssembly (WASM) and discover how it can revolutionize the creation of stateless streaming pipelines within a Kafka (Redpanda) broker. These pipelines are adept at managing low-latency, high-data-volume scenarios.
DEEP LEARNING FOR SMART GRID INTRUSION DETECTION: A HYBRID CNN-LSTM-BASED MODEL
As digital technology becomes more deeply embedded in power systems, protecting the communication
networks of Smart Grids (SG) has emerged as a critical concern. Distributed Network Protocol 3 (DNP3)
represents a multi-tiered application layer protocol extensively utilized in Supervisory Control and Data
Acquisition (SCADA)-based smart grids to facilitate real-time data gathering and control functionalities.
Robust Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are necessary for early threat detection and mitigation because
of the interconnection of these networks, which makes them vulnerable to a variety of cyberattacks. To
solve this issue, this paper develops a hybrid Deep Learning (DL) model specifically designed for intrusion
detection in smart grids. The proposed approach is a combination of the Convolutional Neural Network
(CNN) and the Long-Short-Term Memory algorithms (LSTM). We employed a recent intrusion detection
dataset (DNP3), which focuses on unauthorized commands and Denial of Service (DoS) cyberattacks, to
train and test our model. The results of our experiments show that our CNN-LSTM method is much better
at finding smart grid intrusions than other deep learning algorithms used for classification. In addition,
our proposed approach improves accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score, achieving a high detection
accuracy rate of 99.50%.
TIME DIVISION MULTIPLEXING TECHNIQUE FOR COMMUNICATION SYSTEM
Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) is a method of transmitting multiple signals over a single communication channel by dividing the signal into many segments, each having a very short duration of time. These time slots are then allocated to different data streams, allowing multiple signals to share the same transmission medium efficiently. TDM is widely used in telecommunications and data communication systems.
### How TDM Works
1. **Time Slots Allocation**: The core principle of TDM is to assign distinct time slots to each signal. During each time slot, the respective signal is transmitted, and then the process repeats cyclically. For example, if there are four signals to be transmitted, the TDM cycle will divide time into four slots, each assigned to one signal.
2. **Synchronization**: Synchronization is crucial in TDM systems to ensure that the signals are correctly aligned with their respective time slots. Both the transmitter and receiver must be synchronized to avoid any overlap or loss of data. This synchronization is typically maintained by a clock signal that ensures time slots are accurately aligned.
3. **Frame Structure**: TDM data is organized into frames, where each frame consists of a set of time slots. Each frame is repeated at regular intervals, ensuring continuous transmission of data streams. The frame structure helps in managing the data streams and maintaining the synchronization between the transmitter and receiver.
4. **Multiplexer and Demultiplexer**: At the transmitting end, a multiplexer combines multiple input signals into a single composite signal by assigning each signal to a specific time slot. At the receiving end, a demultiplexer separates the composite signal back into individual signals based on their respective time slots.
### Types of TDM
1. **Synchronous TDM**: In synchronous TDM, time slots are pre-assigned to each signal, regardless of whether the signal has data to transmit or not. This can lead to inefficiencies if some time slots remain empty due to the absence of data.
2. **Asynchronous TDM (or Statistical TDM)**: Asynchronous TDM addresses the inefficiencies of synchronous TDM by allocating time slots dynamically based on the presence of data. Time slots are assigned only when there is data to transmit, which optimizes the use of the communication channel.
### Applications of TDM
- **Telecommunications**: TDM is extensively used in telecommunication systems, such as in T1 and E1 lines, where multiple telephone calls are transmitted over a single line by assigning each call to a specific time slot.
- **Digital Audio and Video Broadcasting**: TDM is used in broadcasting systems to transmit multiple audio or video streams over a single channel, ensuring efficient use of bandwidth.
- **Computer Networks**: TDM is used in network protocols and systems to manage the transmission of data from multiple sources over a single network medium.
### Advantages of TDM
- **Efficient Use of Bandwidth**: TDM all
Literature Review Basics and Understanding Reference Management.pptx
Three-day training on academic research focuses on analytical tools at United Technical College, supported by the University Grant Commission, Nepal. 24-26 May 2024
CHINA’S GEO-ECONOMIC OUTREACH IN CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES AND FUTURE PROSPECT
The rivalry between prominent international actors for dominance over Central Asia's hydrocarbon
reserves and the ancient silk trade route, along with China's diplomatic endeavours in the area, has been
referred to as the "New Great Game." This research centres on the power struggle, considering
geopolitical, geostrategic, and geoeconomic variables. Topics including trade, political hegemony, oil
politics, and conventional and nontraditional security are all explored and explained by the researcher.
Using Mackinder's Heartland, Spykman Rimland, and Hegemonic Stability theories, examines China's role
in Central Asia. This study adheres to the empirical epistemological method and has taken care of
objectivity. This study analyze primary and secondary research documents critically to elaborate role of
china’s geo economic outreach in central Asian countries and its future prospect. China is thriving in trade,
pipeline politics, and winning states, according to this study, thanks to important instruments like the
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative. According to this study,
China is seeing significant success in commerce, pipeline politics, and gaining influence on other
governments. This success may be attributed to the effective utilisation of key tools such as the Shanghai
Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative.
ACEP Magazine edition 4th launched on 05.06.2024
This document provides information about the third edition of the magazine "Sthapatya" published by the Association of Civil Engineers (Practicing) Aurangabad. It includes messages from current and past presidents of ACEP, memories and photos from past ACEP events, information on life time achievement awards given by ACEP, and a technical article on concrete maintenance, repairs and strengthening. The document highlights activities of ACEP and provides a technical educational article for members.
哪里办理(csu毕业证书)查尔斯特大学毕业证硕士学历原版一模一样
原版一模一样【微信：741003700 】【(csu毕业证书)查尔斯特大学毕业证硕士学历】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原海外各大学 Bachelor Diploma degree, Master Degree Diploma
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
Understanding Inductive Bias in Machine Learning
This presentation explores the concept of inductive bias in machine learning. It explains how algorithms come with built-in assumptions and preferences that guide the learning process. You'll learn about the different types of inductive bias and how they can impact the performance and generalizability of machine learning models.
The presentation also covers the positive and negative aspects of inductive bias, along with strategies for mitigating potential drawbacks. We'll explore examples of how bias manifests in algorithms like neural networks and decision trees.
By understanding inductive bias, you can gain valuable insights into how machine learning models work and make informed decisions when building and deploying them.
Computational Engineering IITH Presentation
This Presentation will give you a brief idea about what Computational Engineering at IIT Hyderabad has to offer.
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning an...
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning and Applications (NLAIM 2024) offers a premier global platform for exchanging insights and findings in the theory, methodology, and applications of NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and their applications. The conference seeks substantial contributions across all key domains of NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and their practical applications, aiming to foster both theoretical advancements and real-world implementations. With a focus on facilitating collaboration between researchers and practitioners from academia and industry, the conference serves as a nexus for sharing the latest developments in the field.
ISPM 15 Heat Treated Wood Stamps and why your shipping must have one
For International shipping and maritime laws all wood must contain the ISPM 15 Stamp. Here is how and why.
KuberTENes Birthday Bash Guadalajara - K8sGPT first impressions
K8sGPT is a tool that analyzes and diagnoses Kubernetes clusters. This presentation was used to share the requirements and dependencies to deploy K8sGPT in a local environment.
Recently uploaded (20)
New techniques for characterising damage in rock slopes.pdf
New techniques for characterising damage in rock slopes.pdf
Advanced control scheme of doubly fed induction generator for wind turbine us...
Advanced control scheme of doubly fed induction generator for wind turbine us...
Harnessing WebAssembly for Real-time Stateless Streaming Pipelines
Harnessing WebAssembly for Real-time Stateless Streaming Pipelines
DEEP LEARNING FOR SMART GRID INTRUSION DETECTION: A HYBRID CNN-LSTM-BASED MODEL
DEEP LEARNING FOR SMART GRID INTRUSION DETECTION: A HYBRID CNN-LSTM-BASED MODEL
TIME DIVISION MULTIPLEXING TECHNIQUE FOR COMMUNICATION SYSTEM
TIME DIVISION MULTIPLEXING TECHNIQUE FOR COMMUNICATION SYSTEM
Literature Review Basics and Understanding Reference Management.pptx
Literature Review Basics and Understanding Reference Management.pptx
CHINA’S GEO-ECONOMIC OUTREACH IN CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES AND FUTURE PROSPECT
CHINA’S GEO-ECONOMIC OUTREACH IN CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES AND FUTURE PROSPECT
ML Based Model for NIDS MSc Updated Presentation.v2.pptx
ML Based Model for NIDS MSc Updated Presentation.v2.pptx
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning an...
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning an...
ISPM 15 Heat Treated Wood Stamps and why your shipping must have one
ISPM 15 Heat Treated Wood Stamps and why your shipping must have one
Generative AI leverages algorithms to create various forms of content
Generative AI leverages algorithms to create various forms of content
KuberTENes Birthday Bash Guadalajara - K8sGPT first impressions
KuberTENes Birthday Bash Guadalajara - K8sGPT first impressions
EE448-Electrical Power Engineering-lecture 13.pptx
- 1. EE448-ELECTRICAL POWER ENGINEERING DR. MONA IBRAHIM & ENG. GHADA ELBOUDY
- 3. CONTENTS Introduction to system protection What are instrument transformers? Equivalent circuit of current transformers Current Transformer Performance
- 4. INTRODUCTION TO SYSTEM PROTECTION Protection systems have three basic components: • Instrument transformers •Current transformers •Potential or voltage transformers • Relays • Circuit Breakers (oil, air vacuum and SF6) Relay A 110 kV CT SF6 circuit breakers
- 5. INTRODUCTION TO SYSTEM PROTECTION The figure shows a simple overcurrent protection schematic with: • One type of instrument transformer—the current transformer (CT) • An overcurrent relay (OC) • A circuit breaker (CB) for a single-phase line. The function of the relay is to discriminate between normal operation and fault conditions. The OC relay has an operating coil, which is connected to the CT secondary winding, and a set of contacts. When I’ exceeds a specified ‘‘pickup’’ value, the operating coil causes the normally open contacts to close. When the relay contacts close, the trip coil of the circuit breaker is energized, which then causes the circuit breaker to open. Note that the circuit breaker does not open until its operating coil is energized, either manually or by relay operation. Based on information from instrument transformers, a decision is made and ‘‘relayed’’ to the trip coil of the breaker, which
- 6. CURRENT TRANSFORMERS The primary winding of a current transformer usually consists of a single turn, obtained by running the power system’s primary conductor through the CT core. The normal current rating of CT secondaries is standardized at 5 A in the United States, whereas 1 A is standard in Europe and some other regions. Currents of 10 to 20 times (or greater) normal rating often occur in CT windings for a few cycles during
- 7. CURRENT TRANSFORMERS Standard CT ratios are given in Table
- 8. CURRENT TRANSFORMERS EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT An approximate equivalent circuit of a CT is shown in Figure Where: Z’ = CT secondary leakage impedance Xe = (Saturable) CT excitation reactance ZB =Impedance of terminating device (relay including leads)
- 9. CURRENT TRANSFORMERS EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT Associated with the CT equivalent circuit is an excitation curve that determines the relationship between the CT secondary voltage E’ and excitation current Ie.
- 10. CURRENT TRANSFORMER EXCITATION CURVES Excitation curves for a multiratio bushing CT
- 11. EXAMPLE: