This document discusses the treatment of scaphoid non-union bone fractures. Scaphoid non-union can be caused by delayed diagnosis, displacement of the fracture, smoking, and other factors. Treatment options include traditional bone grafting, vascularized bone grafting, fragment excision, and wrist fusion or replacement. The Matti-Russe and Fernandez techniques use bone grafts to fill the fracture site and stabilize the bone fragments, while vascularized grafts from the radius or iliac crest aim to improve healing rates. Postoperative immobilization lasting several months is usually needed to allow the bone to fuse.
Spina ventosa is a form of tuberculous dactylitis that affects the short tubular bones of the hands and feet in children. It occurs secondary to tuberculosis infection and presents as swelling and tenderness of the affected bone. Investigations may show leukocytosis and elevated inflammatory markers. Chest x-rays and bone x-rays can identify periosteal reaction, lytic lesions, or sclerosis. Biopsy is needed to confirm the diagnosis. A case report described a 13-year-old girl with left index finger pain, weight loss, and loss of appetite who was found to have spina ventosa on biopsy along with a tuberculoma seen on brain MRI. She was started on antitub
Bobic Vladimir - OATS - ICRS Gothenburg 290617Vladimir Bobic
This document discusses the historical perspective and development of autologous osteochondral grafting (OATS). It provides context on the inventor's contributions to cartilage imaging, repair, rehabilitation, and the International Cartilage Repair Society (ICRS). The document then summarizes the indications, contraindications, complications, and long-term outcomes of OATS based on the inventor's experience and findings from the literature. Key challenges discussed include graft integration, donor site morbidity, and addressing larger cartilage defects.
This document discusses avascular necrosis (also known as osteonecrosis), which is the death of bone tissue due to a lack of blood supply. It begins by defining the condition and listing common sites of involvement. It then covers epidemiology, causes, pathogenesis, clinical features, investigations, treatment options and complications. Key points include that the femoral head is the most common site, risk factors include trauma, steroid use and sickle cell disease, and treatment ranges from non-operative options like core decompression to joint replacement surgeries depending on the stage of necrosis.
This document discusses the anatomy and fractures of the clavicle bone. It begins with the basic anatomy of the clavicle, including its shape, articulations, and attachments. It then discusses the classifications of clavicle fractures by Allman, Neer, and Craig. Common causes of clavicle fractures and symptoms are described. Treatment options are covered, including nonoperative treatment with slings or braces and operative options like plating or coracoclavicular screw fixation. Complications like nonunion, malunion, and arthropathy are also summarized.
This document provides a historical overview of endodontics from the 17th century to present day. Some key developments include Fauchard describing pulp removal in 1746, the introduction of gutta-percha as a filling material in 1847, and the discovery of X-rays in 1895 which allowed for better diagnosis and treatment planning. Over time, procedures have become more refined with the adoption of rubber dams, improved instruments, irrigants, and obturation techniques. Modern endodontics utilizes technologies like CBCT, electronic apex locators, microscopes, rotary files, ultrasonic irrigation, and biocompatible sealers to optimize outcomes.
The document discusses the history and evolution of bone plates used for fracture fixation. Some key points:
- Bone plates were first developed in 1886 and were made of stainless steel.
- In the 1960s, the AO group developed dynamic compression plates to aid fracture healing through compression.
- Newer plate designs like the LCDCP and LCP were created to reduce stress on bone and allow for minimally invasive surgery.
- Titanium became a popular material for plates due to its strength, biocompatibility, and elastic properties.
- Modern plates vary in design for different bone locations and fracture types, and can provide compression, neutralization, buttressing or act as a tension band.
Vertebral osteomyelitis( spondylodiskitis )
usually seen in adults (median age is 50 to 60 years)
Location
50-60% of cases occur in lumbar spine
30-40% in thoracic spine
~10% in cervical spine
This document discusses the treatment of scaphoid non-union bone fractures. Scaphoid non-union can be caused by delayed diagnosis, displacement of the fracture, smoking, and other factors. Treatment options include traditional bone grafting, vascularized bone grafting, fragment excision, and wrist fusion or replacement. The Matti-Russe and Fernandez techniques use bone grafts to fill the fracture site and stabilize the bone fragments, while vascularized grafts from the radius or iliac crest aim to improve healing rates. Postoperative immobilization lasting several months is usually needed to allow the bone to fuse.
Spina ventosa is a form of tuberculous dactylitis that affects the short tubular bones of the hands and feet in children. It occurs secondary to tuberculosis infection and presents as swelling and tenderness of the affected bone. Investigations may show leukocytosis and elevated inflammatory markers. Chest x-rays and bone x-rays can identify periosteal reaction, lytic lesions, or sclerosis. Biopsy is needed to confirm the diagnosis. A case report described a 13-year-old girl with left index finger pain, weight loss, and loss of appetite who was found to have spina ventosa on biopsy along with a tuberculoma seen on brain MRI. She was started on antitub
Bobic Vladimir - OATS - ICRS Gothenburg 290617Vladimir Bobic
This document discusses the historical perspective and development of autologous osteochondral grafting (OATS). It provides context on the inventor's contributions to cartilage imaging, repair, rehabilitation, and the International Cartilage Repair Society (ICRS). The document then summarizes the indications, contraindications, complications, and long-term outcomes of OATS based on the inventor's experience and findings from the literature. Key challenges discussed include graft integration, donor site morbidity, and addressing larger cartilage defects.
This document discusses avascular necrosis (also known as osteonecrosis), which is the death of bone tissue due to a lack of blood supply. It begins by defining the condition and listing common sites of involvement. It then covers epidemiology, causes, pathogenesis, clinical features, investigations, treatment options and complications. Key points include that the femoral head is the most common site, risk factors include trauma, steroid use and sickle cell disease, and treatment ranges from non-operative options like core decompression to joint replacement surgeries depending on the stage of necrosis.
This document discusses the anatomy and fractures of the clavicle bone. It begins with the basic anatomy of the clavicle, including its shape, articulations, and attachments. It then discusses the classifications of clavicle fractures by Allman, Neer, and Craig. Common causes of clavicle fractures and symptoms are described. Treatment options are covered, including nonoperative treatment with slings or braces and operative options like plating or coracoclavicular screw fixation. Complications like nonunion, malunion, and arthropathy are also summarized.
This document provides a historical overview of endodontics from the 17th century to present day. Some key developments include Fauchard describing pulp removal in 1746, the introduction of gutta-percha as a filling material in 1847, and the discovery of X-rays in 1895 which allowed for better diagnosis and treatment planning. Over time, procedures have become more refined with the adoption of rubber dams, improved instruments, irrigants, and obturation techniques. Modern endodontics utilizes technologies like CBCT, electronic apex locators, microscopes, rotary files, ultrasonic irrigation, and biocompatible sealers to optimize outcomes.
The document discusses the history and evolution of bone plates used for fracture fixation. Some key points:
- Bone plates were first developed in 1886 and were made of stainless steel.
- In the 1960s, the AO group developed dynamic compression plates to aid fracture healing through compression.
- Newer plate designs like the LCDCP and LCP were created to reduce stress on bone and allow for minimally invasive surgery.
- Titanium became a popular material for plates due to its strength, biocompatibility, and elastic properties.
- Modern plates vary in design for different bone locations and fracture types, and can provide compression, neutralization, buttressing or act as a tension band.
Vertebral osteomyelitis( spondylodiskitis )
usually seen in adults (median age is 50 to 60 years)
Location
50-60% of cases occur in lumbar spine
30-40% in thoracic spine
~10% in cervical spine
The workshop aimed to provide guidelines for proper orthopedic management in the emergency room, including investigations for diagnosis, simple treatments, follow-up plans, and prevention of missed injuries. It covered management of upper extremity fractures like the finger, radius, forearm, humerus, and clavicle, as well as lower extremity fractures of the tibia, ankle, and metatarsal. Treatment methods taught included splinting, casting, slings, braces, traction, and external fixators.
This document provides an overview of hand surgery basics including physical exam and anatomy, common injuries and conditions such as lacerations, fractures, arthritis, and carpal tunnel syndrome. Treatment approaches are discussed for various conditions including suturing of lacerations, splinting of fractures, surgical excision of ganglions, and carpal tunnel release surgery. Emerging treatments like platelet-rich plasma injections are also mentioned.
This document discusses different types of bone plates and screws used for internal fixation of fractures. It describes the principles of plates, including dynamic compression plates (DCP), locking compression plates (LCP), and buttress, tension band and neutralization plates. It provides details on plate design evolution, properties, applications and surgical principles. Screw features and types including heads, shafts, threads and tips are also outlined. Compression techniques and factors to consider for number of screws and plate removal timing are summarized.
The document discusses the history and evolution of bone plates used for fracture fixation. It begins with Hansmann recording the first use of plates in 1886 in Germany. Since then, plates have evolved through designs like the DCP, LC-DCP, and now LCP plates which provide different stabilization methods and advantages over previous designs. The document also discusses the different ways plates can be used to achieve neutralization, compression, buttress or tension band fixation of fractures.
Orthopedic surgery 3rd complications of fracturesRamiAboali
The document discusses various complications that can arise from fractures, including immediate complications like hemorrhage, damage to arteries and surrounding soft tissues. Early complications include wound infection, fat embolism, shock lung, disseminated intravascular coagulation and compartment syndrome. Late complications involve deformity, osteoarthritis of adjacent or distant joints, aseptic necrosis and complex regional pain syndrome. Various fracture classifications including Gustilo and mechanisms of injuries such as gunshot wounds are also outlined.
Chronic osteomyelitis is a bone infection that has persisted for over 6 weeks. It is characterized by the formation of necrotic bone fragments called sequestrum. Symptoms are nonspecific but may include pain, swelling, and draining sinuses. Treatment involves surgical debridement of infected bone along with long-term antibiotics to address this difficult to treat infection that has high recurrence rates and causes significant bone and tissue damage over time.
Bone plates are internal splints that hold together fractured bone ends. They are classified based on their shape, width, screw holes, and intended application site. There are several types of plates that serve different purposes: neutralization plates transmit force without compression; compression plates produce locking force across fractures; buttress plates apply forces perpendicular to strengthen weakened bone; and condylar plates maintain joint fragment reduction and fixation. Plate design has evolved to better preserve blood supply and allow early mobilization through limited contact and locking compression plates.
Simple bone cysts, also known as unicameral bone cysts, are benign bone lesions of unknown cause that typically occur in the metaphysis of long bones like the proximal humerus and femur in children and adolescents. They appear on x-ray as areas of translucency in the bone and often cause pain, swelling or pathological fractures. Treatment involves curettage and bone grafting if the risk of fracture is high or steroid injections if the cyst is small with a low fracture risk.
This document provides an overview of intramedullary nailing principles. It discusses the history and evolution of intramedullary nails from wooden sticks and ivory pegs used in the 16th century to modern nails like the Russell-Taylor nail. It covers nail types, biomechanics, insertion techniques, and key design considerations like diameter, cross-section shape, curves, and locking mechanisms. The goal of intramedullary nailing is to provide stable internal splinting of long bone fractures through closed fixation techniques.
This document discusses the use of tourniquets in orthopaedics. It defines a tourniquet and outlines their history, from their original use in the 18th century to modern pneumatic devices. Tourniquets are commonly used in orthopaedic surgery to provide a bloodless surgical field. Complications can include nerve palsies, muscle injury, and pain. Proper application and monitoring of pressure levels can help reduce risks. Tourniquets remain a useful tool but require careful use to minimize complications.
This document provides information about bone plates, including their function, history, types, and uses. It discusses:
- Bone plates act as internal splints, holding fractured bone ends together and transmitting force across fracture sites.
- Plating technology has evolved from standard round-hole plates in 1958 to currently used locking compression plates.
- Plate types include dynamic compression plates (DCP), locking compression plates (LCP), and reconstruction plates.
- Plates are also classified based on shape, width, screw hole design, surface characteristics, and intended application site.
- Key principles of plating include compression, neutralization, buttress fixation, and tension band techniques.
- Locking plates provide angular
Apley's system of orthopaedics and fractures 9th edKhai Le Phuoc
This document provides information about the contributors and preface for the 9th edition of Apley's System of Orthopaedics and Fractures. It lists over 30 contributors who provided updates and new chapters for specialized topics. It notes how the book has expanded over editions to include new tests, classifications, imaging techniques, and basic science knowledge. However, it retains the structure first developed by Alan Apley with sections on general orthopaedics, regional orthopaedics, and fractures/injuries. The preface discusses how clinical skills and physical examinations remain important despite advances, and emphasizes that the book is intended to be useful for orthopaedic surgeons of all experience levels.
The document summarizes key aspects of spinal anatomy and injuries. It describes the characteristics of the cervical, thoracic, lumbar, and sacral regions. Common mechanisms of spinal injury include falls, motor vehicle crashes, and blunt or penetrating trauma. Signs suggestive of spinal injury include neck pain or tenderness, numbness, weakness, and loss of bowel or bladder control. Evaluation involves physical exam including motor and sensory function tests. Imaging with x-rays, CT, and MRI is used for diagnosis. Management principles focus on immobilization, resuscitation, corticosteroid administration in some cases, and surgery for unstable injuries with neurological deficits.
This document discusses the anatomy and classification of peripheral nerve injuries. It begins by describing the cellular components of nerves, types of nerve fibers, and classifications of nerve injuries including Seddon's and Sunderland's. It then discusses signs and symptoms of nerve injuries, common sites of injury, Wallerian degeneration, nerve regeneration, and various surgical and non-surgical treatment options including neurolysis, nerve grafting, and nerve repair. Classification of injuries is based on damage to nerve components and ability for spontaneous recovery. Surgical treatment depends on the degree and severity of injury.
Local Konnect Presents a new technique on Endoscopic Spinal Surgery - Destandu Technique with small incision, minimal post-operative pain and reduced rate of infection.
This document discusses the design and function of surgical screws. It defines what a screw is, describes the different types of screws including cortex screws and cancellous bone screws. It explains how screws work through turning rotational forces into linear motion. The key functions of screws are compression, both between a plate and bone and between two bone fragments. The lag screw technique provides interfragmentary compression and absolute stability by allowing the screw to glide through the near cortex while threading into the far cortex. Countersinking creates a seat for the screw head to maximize contact and minimize stress. Different screw functions include lag screws, compression screws, position screws, and more.
This document discusses various types of hand infections, including nail bed infections, flexor tenosynovitis, and deep space infections. It describes the anatomy, clinical presentation, treatment options, and postoperative care for each type of infection. The key points are:
1. Nail bed infections include acute and chronic paronychia and subungal abscesses. Acute paronychia is usually caused by minor trauma and treated with antibiotics and incision/drainage if abscess forms. Chronic paronychia is more inflammatory and may require eponychial marsupialization.
2. Flexor tenosynovitis is a closed-space infection of the flexor tendon sheath
This document discusses fracture diseases that can result from prolonged immobilization following fracture treatment. The principal fracture diseases include musculoskeletal issues like muscle weakness, atrophy, soft tissue contractures, osteoporosis, and joint stiffness. Prolonged immobilization can also lead to cardiovascular complications such as increased heart rate, circulatory dysfunction, orthostatic hypotension, and venous thromboembolism. Prevention of these fracture diseases focuses on proper fixation, early and frequent mobilization, muscle stretching and contraction, range of motion exercises, use of leg stockings, anticoagulant drugs, and changing patient positioning regularly.
This document provides an overview of ancient Egyptian medicine between 3000 BC and 500 AD. It discusses prominent figures like Imhotep who was considered the first physician, as well as ancient medical texts like the Kahun Gynecological Papyrus, Ebers Papyrus, and Edwin Smith Papyrus. These papyri contained case studies of wounds and treatments using herbal remedies. The document also describes Egyptian knowledge of anatomy, clinical examination techniques like palpation and percussion, dental practices, surgical instruments, common diseases, and examples of herbal remedies.
- This document contains a 60 question quiz about medical facts and trivia that are not typically taught in medical school.
- The quiz includes multiple choice and fill-in-the-blank style questions testing knowledge about medical history, terminology, discoveries and more.
- Correct answers are needed to score points and resolve ties on the quiz.
The workshop aimed to provide guidelines for proper orthopedic management in the emergency room, including investigations for diagnosis, simple treatments, follow-up plans, and prevention of missed injuries. It covered management of upper extremity fractures like the finger, radius, forearm, humerus, and clavicle, as well as lower extremity fractures of the tibia, ankle, and metatarsal. Treatment methods taught included splinting, casting, slings, braces, traction, and external fixators.
This document provides an overview of hand surgery basics including physical exam and anatomy, common injuries and conditions such as lacerations, fractures, arthritis, and carpal tunnel syndrome. Treatment approaches are discussed for various conditions including suturing of lacerations, splinting of fractures, surgical excision of ganglions, and carpal tunnel release surgery. Emerging treatments like platelet-rich plasma injections are also mentioned.
This document discusses different types of bone plates and screws used for internal fixation of fractures. It describes the principles of plates, including dynamic compression plates (DCP), locking compression plates (LCP), and buttress, tension band and neutralization plates. It provides details on plate design evolution, properties, applications and surgical principles. Screw features and types including heads, shafts, threads and tips are also outlined. Compression techniques and factors to consider for number of screws and plate removal timing are summarized.
The document discusses the history and evolution of bone plates used for fracture fixation. It begins with Hansmann recording the first use of plates in 1886 in Germany. Since then, plates have evolved through designs like the DCP, LC-DCP, and now LCP plates which provide different stabilization methods and advantages over previous designs. The document also discusses the different ways plates can be used to achieve neutralization, compression, buttress or tension band fixation of fractures.
Orthopedic surgery 3rd complications of fracturesRamiAboali
The document discusses various complications that can arise from fractures, including immediate complications like hemorrhage, damage to arteries and surrounding soft tissues. Early complications include wound infection, fat embolism, shock lung, disseminated intravascular coagulation and compartment syndrome. Late complications involve deformity, osteoarthritis of adjacent or distant joints, aseptic necrosis and complex regional pain syndrome. Various fracture classifications including Gustilo and mechanisms of injuries such as gunshot wounds are also outlined.
Chronic osteomyelitis is a bone infection that has persisted for over 6 weeks. It is characterized by the formation of necrotic bone fragments called sequestrum. Symptoms are nonspecific but may include pain, swelling, and draining sinuses. Treatment involves surgical debridement of infected bone along with long-term antibiotics to address this difficult to treat infection that has high recurrence rates and causes significant bone and tissue damage over time.
Bone plates are internal splints that hold together fractured bone ends. They are classified based on their shape, width, screw holes, and intended application site. There are several types of plates that serve different purposes: neutralization plates transmit force without compression; compression plates produce locking force across fractures; buttress plates apply forces perpendicular to strengthen weakened bone; and condylar plates maintain joint fragment reduction and fixation. Plate design has evolved to better preserve blood supply and allow early mobilization through limited contact and locking compression plates.
Simple bone cysts, also known as unicameral bone cysts, are benign bone lesions of unknown cause that typically occur in the metaphysis of long bones like the proximal humerus and femur in children and adolescents. They appear on x-ray as areas of translucency in the bone and often cause pain, swelling or pathological fractures. Treatment involves curettage and bone grafting if the risk of fracture is high or steroid injections if the cyst is small with a low fracture risk.
This document provides an overview of intramedullary nailing principles. It discusses the history and evolution of intramedullary nails from wooden sticks and ivory pegs used in the 16th century to modern nails like the Russell-Taylor nail. It covers nail types, biomechanics, insertion techniques, and key design considerations like diameter, cross-section shape, curves, and locking mechanisms. The goal of intramedullary nailing is to provide stable internal splinting of long bone fractures through closed fixation techniques.
This document discusses the use of tourniquets in orthopaedics. It defines a tourniquet and outlines their history, from their original use in the 18th century to modern pneumatic devices. Tourniquets are commonly used in orthopaedic surgery to provide a bloodless surgical field. Complications can include nerve palsies, muscle injury, and pain. Proper application and monitoring of pressure levels can help reduce risks. Tourniquets remain a useful tool but require careful use to minimize complications.
This document provides information about bone plates, including their function, history, types, and uses. It discusses:
- Bone plates act as internal splints, holding fractured bone ends together and transmitting force across fracture sites.
- Plating technology has evolved from standard round-hole plates in 1958 to currently used locking compression plates.
- Plate types include dynamic compression plates (DCP), locking compression plates (LCP), and reconstruction plates.
- Plates are also classified based on shape, width, screw hole design, surface characteristics, and intended application site.
- Key principles of plating include compression, neutralization, buttress fixation, and tension band techniques.
- Locking plates provide angular
Apley's system of orthopaedics and fractures 9th edKhai Le Phuoc
This document provides information about the contributors and preface for the 9th edition of Apley's System of Orthopaedics and Fractures. It lists over 30 contributors who provided updates and new chapters for specialized topics. It notes how the book has expanded over editions to include new tests, classifications, imaging techniques, and basic science knowledge. However, it retains the structure first developed by Alan Apley with sections on general orthopaedics, regional orthopaedics, and fractures/injuries. The preface discusses how clinical skills and physical examinations remain important despite advances, and emphasizes that the book is intended to be useful for orthopaedic surgeons of all experience levels.
The document summarizes key aspects of spinal anatomy and injuries. It describes the characteristics of the cervical, thoracic, lumbar, and sacral regions. Common mechanisms of spinal injury include falls, motor vehicle crashes, and blunt or penetrating trauma. Signs suggestive of spinal injury include neck pain or tenderness, numbness, weakness, and loss of bowel or bladder control. Evaluation involves physical exam including motor and sensory function tests. Imaging with x-rays, CT, and MRI is used for diagnosis. Management principles focus on immobilization, resuscitation, corticosteroid administration in some cases, and surgery for unstable injuries with neurological deficits.
This document discusses the anatomy and classification of peripheral nerve injuries. It begins by describing the cellular components of nerves, types of nerve fibers, and classifications of nerve injuries including Seddon's and Sunderland's. It then discusses signs and symptoms of nerve injuries, common sites of injury, Wallerian degeneration, nerve regeneration, and various surgical and non-surgical treatment options including neurolysis, nerve grafting, and nerve repair. Classification of injuries is based on damage to nerve components and ability for spontaneous recovery. Surgical treatment depends on the degree and severity of injury.
Local Konnect Presents a new technique on Endoscopic Spinal Surgery - Destandu Technique with small incision, minimal post-operative pain and reduced rate of infection.
This document discusses the design and function of surgical screws. It defines what a screw is, describes the different types of screws including cortex screws and cancellous bone screws. It explains how screws work through turning rotational forces into linear motion. The key functions of screws are compression, both between a plate and bone and between two bone fragments. The lag screw technique provides interfragmentary compression and absolute stability by allowing the screw to glide through the near cortex while threading into the far cortex. Countersinking creates a seat for the screw head to maximize contact and minimize stress. Different screw functions include lag screws, compression screws, position screws, and more.
This document discusses various types of hand infections, including nail bed infections, flexor tenosynovitis, and deep space infections. It describes the anatomy, clinical presentation, treatment options, and postoperative care for each type of infection. The key points are:
1. Nail bed infections include acute and chronic paronychia and subungal abscesses. Acute paronychia is usually caused by minor trauma and treated with antibiotics and incision/drainage if abscess forms. Chronic paronychia is more inflammatory and may require eponychial marsupialization.
2. Flexor tenosynovitis is a closed-space infection of the flexor tendon sheath
This document discusses fracture diseases that can result from prolonged immobilization following fracture treatment. The principal fracture diseases include musculoskeletal issues like muscle weakness, atrophy, soft tissue contractures, osteoporosis, and joint stiffness. Prolonged immobilization can also lead to cardiovascular complications such as increased heart rate, circulatory dysfunction, orthostatic hypotension, and venous thromboembolism. Prevention of these fracture diseases focuses on proper fixation, early and frequent mobilization, muscle stretching and contraction, range of motion exercises, use of leg stockings, anticoagulant drugs, and changing patient positioning regularly.
This document provides an overview of ancient Egyptian medicine between 3000 BC and 500 AD. It discusses prominent figures like Imhotep who was considered the first physician, as well as ancient medical texts like the Kahun Gynecological Papyrus, Ebers Papyrus, and Edwin Smith Papyrus. These papyri contained case studies of wounds and treatments using herbal remedies. The document also describes Egyptian knowledge of anatomy, clinical examination techniques like palpation and percussion, dental practices, surgical instruments, common diseases, and examples of herbal remedies.
- This document contains a 60 question quiz about medical facts and trivia that are not typically taught in medical school.
- The quiz includes multiple choice and fill-in-the-blank style questions testing knowledge about medical history, terminology, discoveries and more.
- Correct answers are needed to score points and resolve ties on the quiz.
Ancient Egyptian medicine was one of the earliest and most advanced systems of medical care in history. Some key points:
- Egyptian physicians practiced as early as 3000 BC and made important advances in anatomy, wound dressing, bone-setting, and using medical plants.
- Major medical papyri like the Edwin Smith and Ebers Papyri show Egyptians had extensive knowledge of medicine and anatomy, diagnosing and treating many illnesses.
- Egyptian doctors were specialists in areas like eyes, teeth, and internal medicine. Hospitals called Houses of Life trained new physicians.
- While magic and religion played some role, Egyptians also developed rational theories on anatomy and disease transmission through blocked channels like the N
History of surgery at glance لمحة عن تاريخ الجراحةعامر التواتي
Islamic medicine rose to prominence with thinkers like Ibn Sina (Avicenna) and Rhazes. The first teaching hospitals were invented at the Academy of Gundishapur in Persia. Rhazes recorded early clinical cases and used alcohol systematically as a physician. Ibn Sina's Canon of Medicine was a standard medical text in Europe until the Enlightenment. Ibn Nafis described the circulation of blood centuries before William Harvey. Abu al-Qasim Al-Zahrawi was the greatest Muslim surgeon, regarded as more authoritative than Galen, and advanced surgical techniques and instruments.
WHO APPEARED FIRST IN OTOLARYNGOLOGY: CLINICIANS, ANATOMISTS OR HISTOLOGISTS?...ANCA MARIA CIMPEAN
HISTORICAL REVIEW
Otolaryngology is mainly associated with clinical practice. Despite of this actual evidence, otolaryngology can be considered, from historical point of view as a complex speciality made up of a mixture of several preclinical specialities as anatomy, histology, pathology and physiology. Several scientists who studied these specialities first, became then otolaryngologists and others were known in the medical literature because of their studies in other specialities than otolaryngology. Most of the historical papers were focused on the ear, other regions being neglected. This review presents the forgotten part of otolaryngology, especially its preclinical facts with importance in etiology and pathogenesis of various disease of the ear, nose and throat structures and thus, present work can be considered as a particular overview of „forgotten” otolaryngology.
Key words: otolaryngology, anatomy, histology, pathology
This document provides a history of anesthesia from ancient times through the 19th century. It discusses early herbal remedies and intoxicants used for pain relief, including opium, mandrake, hemlock, and wine. It describes experiments with inhaled anesthetics in ancient Greece, China, the Arab world, and Renaissance Europe. Key events discussed include William Morton's 1846 public demonstration of ether anesthesia at the Massachusetts General Hospital, establishing it as the first non-toxic surgical anesthetic. The document also briefly mentions the discoveries of nitrous oxide and its anesthetic properties in the late 18th century.
The document discusses the history and evolution of surgery from ancient times to the modern era. It describes early surgical techniques performed by Sushruta in 800 BC India, including the first recorded cataract surgery. It discusses the hurdles faced by early surgeons due to lack of anesthesia, antiseptics, and other modern medical advances. Key figures discussed include Andreas Vesalius in the 1500s, Joseph Lister introducing antiseptics in the 1860s, William Morton demonstrating ether anesthesia in 1846, William T. Bovie and Harvey Cushing developing electrosurgery in the 1920s, and Emil Theodor Kocher pioneering aseptic surgery and thyroidectomy techniques.
This document provides a historical overview of the development and use of controlled trials in medicine from the 18th century onwards. It describes several early examples where physicians alternated or randomly allocated patients to treatment groups to obtain more reliable evidence on treatment effects, including James Lind's 1747 scurvy trial, Alexander Hamilton's 1816 trial comparing bloodletting to treat soldiers, and Geoffrey Theobald's 1937 trial of malaria treatment. It emphasizes that controlled comparisons through random allocation are needed to yield reliable evidence about most medical treatment effects.
A presentation on various instruments used in surgery..The presentation is about type of instruments their uses and any modifications. It's helpful for a surgery pg student.
The document provides an overview of the history of medicine from prehistoric times through the Middle Ages. It discusses early medical practices like trepanning and the role of shamans. It profiles important early physicians like Imhotep, Hippocrates, and Galen and how they advanced medical knowledge. It describes the decline of medicine during the Dark Ages and its later emergence at Salerno. Key developments included the influence of Arabic medicine and the rise of university medicine in Europe.
Islams contribution to world civilizationAshraf Ali
“...because we have tended to see Islam as the enemy of the West, as an alien culture, society, and system of belief, we have tended to ignore or erase its great relevance to our own history.” by Prince Charles
The document provides a history of anaesthesia from ancient times to the 20th century. It discusses early uses of opium, cannabis, cocaine, and carotid compression for pain relief in ancient civilizations. It then covers key developments like Crawford Long's first use of ether anaesthesia in 1842, Morton's public demonstration of ether anaesthesia at the Ether Dome in 1846, Simpson's introduction of chloroform in 1847, Koller's discovery of cocaine as a local anaesthetic in 1884, and Bier's first spinal anaesthesia in 1898. The 20th century saw advances in airway management and new anaesthetic agents that improved safety and efficacy.
How To Write A Movie. How To Develop A Movie ScriptLaura Taylor
Stainless steel cookware has become a popular choice for home cooks. While durable and easy to clean, stainless steel pots and pans require some specialized tools to keep them in good condition. A few essential tools include a plastic or wooden spatula to avoid scratching, a copper or brass scrubber for tough stuck-on foods, and vinegar or baking soda to remove stains and buildup. With the right tools, stainless steel cookware can last for years while maintaining its shine and non-stick surface.
1) The document provides instructions for a medical quiz competition including rules that there will be 25 questions worth 10 or -10 points each and star marked questions will be used to resolve ties.
2) Participants are instructed to write their team name, members, and contact number on the answer sheet and to only use numerical ordering.
3) The questions cover a range of medical topics that must be identified or defined.
The document discusses medicine in ancient Egypt. It provides details on several physicians from ancient Egypt, including Imhotep, considered the first recorded physician, who lived around 2600 BC. It describes how the Egyptians had early understandings of anatomy and illnesses, keeping medical texts on papyrus that described techniques similar to modern practices. It also discusses early practices like mummification, herbal medicine, and the role of magic and religion in their medical system.
The Real Sherlock Holmes - John RaffenspergerMX Publishing
The lost diaries of Arthur Conan Doyle relate his adventures with dr. Joe bell, the Edinburgh surgeon who was the model for Sherlock Holmes. This program explains how an education at the Edinburgh school of medicine gave them the ability to diagnose obscure medical conditions, solve crimes, save the lives of an American president and the Russian tsar as well as to avert a crisis between Britain and the united states. The program also illustrates how the literature of Conan Doyle reflect his years as a medical student and young physician.
This document provides a history of orthopedic surgery from ancient times to modern developments. It describes how orthopedic surgery originated from the Greek words "ortho" meaning straight and "paedic" meaning child. Key figures mentioned include Hippocrates who described fracture reduction and clubfoot correction in ancient Greece. Advances in the field included the discoveries of anesthesia, antisepsis, x-rays, and antibiotics. Modern orthopedic surgery was pioneered in the 20th century with the development of techniques like internal fixation, joint replacement, and arthroscopy as well as imaging technologies.
The document discusses the anatomical framework that classifies humans as members of the animal kingdom and mammalian class. It provides an overview of human anatomy and evolutionary traits shared with other mammals. The history of human anatomy is explored, from early Egyptian and Greek understandings, through the influential work of Galen and Vesalius, to modern reference texts like Gray's Anatomy.
Similar to Edwin smith papyrus 1st texbook in surgery 07 (20)
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of the physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
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Local Advanced Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex Sys...Oleg Kshivets
Overall life span (LS) was 1671.7±1721.6 days and cumulative 5YS reached 62.4%, 10 years – 50.4%, 20 years – 44.6%. 94 LCP lived more than 5 years without cancer (LS=2958.6±1723.6 days), 22 – more than 10 years (LS=5571±1841.8 days). 67 LCP died because of LC (LS=471.9±344 days). AT significantly improved 5YS (68% vs. 53.7%) (P=0.028 by log-rank test). Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: N0-N12, T3-4, blood cell circuit, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells-CC and blood cells subpopulations), LC cell dynamics, recalcification time, heparin tolerance, prothrombin index, protein, AT, procedure type (P=0.000-0.031). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and N0-12 (rank=1), thrombocytes/CC (rank=2), segmented neutrophils/CC (3), eosinophils/CC (4), erythrocytes/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), stick neutrophils/CC (8), leucocytes/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (error=0.000; area under ROC curve=1.0).
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Basavarajeeyam is a Sreshta Sangraha grantha (Compiled book ), written by Neelkanta kotturu Basavaraja Virachita. It contains 25 Prakaranas, First 24 Chapters related to Rogas& 25th to Rasadravyas.
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Histololgy of Female Reproductive System.pptxAyeshaZaid1
Dive into an in-depth exploration of the histological structure of female reproductive system with this comprehensive lecture. Presented by Dr. Ayesha Irfan, Assistant Professor of Anatomy, this presentation covers the Gross anatomy and functional histology of the female reproductive organs. Ideal for students, educators, and anyone interested in medical science, this lecture provides clear explanations, detailed diagrams, and valuable insights into female reproductive system. Enhance your knowledge and understanding of this essential aspect of human biology.
1. Edwin Smith Papyrus: The First Textbook in Surgery Abderahman Kamaledeen Salah Kamaledeen Barts and The London Children’s Hospital History Club Aberdeen - July 2010
2. Modern Day Thebes "... in Egyptian Thebes the heaps of precious ingots gleam the hundred-gated Thebes”. Homer, The Iliad □ Capital of Egypt in the New Kingdom (1570 – 1070 BC) □ Heart of religion, art and political supremacy in Egypt
4. □ Medicine in Ancient Egypt Similar to our practice today □ Very advanced in all branches of medicine □ Surgical knowledge was well developed □ Medical texts and references were well-written and well-preserved. Some date back to 5000 years “ In medical knowledge, Egypt leaves the rest of the world behind.” Homer, The Odyssey
5. First Depiction of Surgery 6th Dynasty Tomb of Ankh-ma-hor, Saqqara Nunn (1996)
6. First Depiction of Surgery A celebrated group of instruments carved in relief at the temple of Kom Ombo Wall painting of an oculist treating a workman . Tomb of master builder Ibwy , Thebe 1200 b.c.
7. Edwin Smith “ The American Farmer of Luxor” □ An American free wheeler and dealer of antiquities Reputed as advising upon, and even practicing forgery of antiquities. □ Bought a remarkable papyrus on 20 January 1862 from Mustafa Agha; an Egyptian business man □ Mr Smith realised that the papyrus is a unique ancient Egyptian medical treatise.
8. Edwin Smith □ Edwin Smith kept the ancient treatise □ In 1905, Mr Smith’s daughter donated the artefact to New York Historical Society □ The medical treatise was written around 1700 B.C., but most of the information based on texts written around 3000B.C.
10. Imhotep ? □ PM for King Djoser, □ a priest and an architect □ a doctor who was later deified by Egyptians as the “ God of Medicine ” The Author Edwin Smith Surgical Papyrus 1 st Textbook in Surgery
11. Edwin Smith Surgical Papyrus 1 st Textbook in Surgery □ Translated by: James Henry Breasted Director of the Oriental Institute at University of Chicago □ With medical notes prepared by Arno Luckhardt □ Published in 1930
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14. Edwin Smith Surgical Papyrus 1 st Textbook in Surgery Each case starts with a clinical examination, then comes diagnosis and prognosis: “ Thou should say concerning him… “… an ailment I will treat”, “… an ailment I should contend with” or “..an ailment not to be treated”
15. Case 2 Title : Instructions concerning a [gaping] wound [in his head], penetrating to the bone. Examination : If thou examinest a man having a [gaping] wound [in] his [head], penetrating to the bone, thou shouldst pal[pate hi]s [wound]. If thou findest his skull [uninjured, not hav]ing a perforation in it... Instructions concerning a [gaping] wound [in his head], penetrating to the bone.
16. Case 2 Diagnosis : Thou shouldst say regarding [him]: "One hav[ing a gaping wou]nd in his head. An ailment which I will treat.“ Treatment : [Thou] shouldst bind [fresh meat upon it the first day; thou shouldst apply for him two strips of linen, and treat afterward with grease, honey, (and) lin]t every day until he recovers. Gloss : As for: "Two strips of linen," [it means] two bands [of linen which one applies upon the two lips of the gaping wound in order to cause that one join] to the other.
17. Case 4 Instructions concerning a gaping wound in his head penetrating to the bone and splitting his skull Examination : If thou examinest a man having a gaping wound in his head, penetrating to the bone, thou shouldst palpate his wound. .., he discharges blood from both his nostrils (and) from both his ears, he suffers with stiffness in his neck, so that he is unable to look at his two shoulders and his breast...
18. Diagnosis : Thou shouldst say regarding him: “ One having a gaping wound in his head, penetrating to the bone, (and) splitting his skull; while he discharges blood from both his nostrils (and) from both his ears, (and) he suffers with stiffness in his neck. An ailment with which I will contend.” Case 4
19. Treatment : Now when thou findest that the skull of that man is split, thou shouldst not bind him, (but) moor (him) until the period of his injury passes by. His treatment is sitting. Make for him two supports of brick, until thou knowest he has reached a decisive point. Thou shouldst do likewise for every man whom thou findest having a split skull... Gloss : As for "(Until) thou knowest he has reached a decisive point," it means (until thou knowest whether he will die or he will live; for he is (a case of) "an ailment with which I will contend.” Case 4
20. Case 33 Instructions concerning a crushed vertebra in his neck Examination : If thou examinest a man having a crushed vertebra in his neck (and) thou findest that one vertebra has fallen into the next one, while he is voiceless and cannot speak; his falling head downward has caused that one verte bra crush into the next one; (and) shouldst thou find that he is unconscious of his two arms and his two legs because of it...
21. Case 33 Diagnosis : Thou shouldst say concerning him: "One having a crushed vertebra in his neck; he is unconscious of his two arms (and) his two legs, (and) he is speechless. An ailment not to be treated.“…
22. Case 35 Instructions concerning a break in his collar-bone Examination : If thou examinest a man having a break in his collar-bone (and) thou shouldst find his collar-bone short and separated from its fellow. Diagnosis : Thou shouldst say concerning him: "One having a break in his collar-bone. An ailment which I will treat."
23. Treatment : Thou shouldst place him prostrate on back, with something folded between his two shoulder-blades; thou shouldst spread out with his two shoulders in order to stretch apart his collar-bone until that break falls into its place. Thou shouldst make for him two splints of linen, (and) thou shouldst apply one of them both on the inside of his upper arm. Thou shouldst bind it with ymrw, (and) treat it afterward with honey every day, until he recovers. Case 35
25. Surprising Observations Colourful yet accurate “ a puncture in a pottery jar” (on a depressed fracture of the skull)
26. Colourful yet accurate “ in his skull like those corrugations which form in molten copper” (on the brain’s surface in a gaping wound in the head)
27. □ 1 st written evidence of scientific reasoning (observation to conclusion) □ 1 st description of brain, meninges and CSF □ 1 st evidence of systematic triage (ailment to treat /not to treat) □ 1 st use of splints and bandages □ 1 st to note effects on lower limb from head trauma First Prize In a number of things!