The document summarizes three court cases related to discipline in public schools:
1. A student was expelled for 90 days for making online threats of a school shooting. The court upheld the expulsion, finding the school responded reasonably to the safety threat.
2. A student is suing two school districts for failing to stop years of bullying. The court is likely to rule in favor of the student given evidence of declining health and lack of disciplinary action.
3. Two students vandalized a school with anti-Semitic graffiti and were originally charged with felonies. The court reduced the charges to misdemeanors but still imposed probation, community service, and restitution.
This presentation offers an overview of the legislative and legal landscape of cyber bullying and sexting. It is meant for attorneys involved in these kinds of cases.
This case involves a homeschooled student, Annie Swanson, whose parents wanted her to take some classes, like foreign language and science, at the local public school. The school district had a policy that students must attend full-time. Annie's parents sued, arguing this policy violated their constitutional rights. The court sided with the school district, finding that parents do not have the right to pick and choose specific classes or control every aspect of their child's education if it conflicts with the school's authority over curriculum and resource allocation.
Pre-Conference: Relevant Ethics and Court Casestcaconference
Here are the steps I would take if a student told me a nude picture of her was being circulated at school resulting in bullying:
1. Thank the student for trusting me with this sensitive information and reassure her that her privacy and safety are my top priorities.
2. With the student's permission, document the details of what was reported, including who is circulating the picture, how it is being shared, and any acts of bullying that have occurred.
3. Inform an administrator and request that the student's parents/guardians be notified immediately. The student should not have to handle this alone.
4. Work with administrators to conduct a thorough investigation, identify all individuals involved in circulating the picture, and put
Here are a few thoughts on your questions:
- Spotting bullying can be challenging since it takes many forms. Paying close attention to how students interact, looking for patterns of exclusion, name-calling, threats or physical aggression can help identify problematic behaviors. Speaking to students individually and making sure they feel safe reporting any issues is also important.
- As awareness increases, many schools are strengthening their anti-bullying policies and providing more staff training on prevention and intervention. Clear definitions, transparent reporting systems, and meaningful consequences when policies are violated can make schools safer and hold bullies more accountable. Ongoing education of students and the community also supports creating a culture where bullying is unacceptable.
- Supporting the social and
This case involves a homeschooled student, Annie Swanson, whose parents wanted her to take some classes, like foreign language and science, at the local public school. The school district had a policy that students must attend full-time. When the new superintendent took over, he refused to let Annie attend part-time. Her parents sued alleging constitutional violations. The court sided with the school district, finding that parents do not have a constitutional right to pick and choose which classes their children take at public schools. The district has discretion over curriculum and resource allocation.
The document discusses several Supreme Court cases related to freedom of expression by teachers and students in schools. It summarizes key rulings such as Pickering v. Board of Education which established that teachers have a right to freedom of expression as citizens. It also discusses guidelines for determining when teacher or student speech is protected, such as ensuring it is relevant to the classroom topic. Expressions that materially disrupt class or violate others' rights may not be protected.
The document summarizes three Supreme Court cases:
1) Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) upheld the constitutionality of racial segregation under the "separate but equal" doctrine. Homer Plessy was arrested for sitting in the white car of a train. The Court ruled racial segregation did not violate the 13th or 14th Amendments as long as facilities were equal.
2) New Jersey v. T.L.O. (1985) established the standard that school officials need reasonable suspicion, not probable cause, to conduct searches of students. A student's purse was searched for cigarettes and drugs were found.
3) Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier (1988
This presentation offers an overview of the legislative and legal landscape of cyber bullying and sexting. It is meant for attorneys involved in these kinds of cases.
This case involves a homeschooled student, Annie Swanson, whose parents wanted her to take some classes, like foreign language and science, at the local public school. The school district had a policy that students must attend full-time. Annie's parents sued, arguing this policy violated their constitutional rights. The court sided with the school district, finding that parents do not have the right to pick and choose specific classes or control every aspect of their child's education if it conflicts with the school's authority over curriculum and resource allocation.
Pre-Conference: Relevant Ethics and Court Casestcaconference
Here are the steps I would take if a student told me a nude picture of her was being circulated at school resulting in bullying:
1. Thank the student for trusting me with this sensitive information and reassure her that her privacy and safety are my top priorities.
2. With the student's permission, document the details of what was reported, including who is circulating the picture, how it is being shared, and any acts of bullying that have occurred.
3. Inform an administrator and request that the student's parents/guardians be notified immediately. The student should not have to handle this alone.
4. Work with administrators to conduct a thorough investigation, identify all individuals involved in circulating the picture, and put
Here are a few thoughts on your questions:
- Spotting bullying can be challenging since it takes many forms. Paying close attention to how students interact, looking for patterns of exclusion, name-calling, threats or physical aggression can help identify problematic behaviors. Speaking to students individually and making sure they feel safe reporting any issues is also important.
- As awareness increases, many schools are strengthening their anti-bullying policies and providing more staff training on prevention and intervention. Clear definitions, transparent reporting systems, and meaningful consequences when policies are violated can make schools safer and hold bullies more accountable. Ongoing education of students and the community also supports creating a culture where bullying is unacceptable.
- Supporting the social and
This case involves a homeschooled student, Annie Swanson, whose parents wanted her to take some classes, like foreign language and science, at the local public school. The school district had a policy that students must attend full-time. When the new superintendent took over, he refused to let Annie attend part-time. Her parents sued alleging constitutional violations. The court sided with the school district, finding that parents do not have a constitutional right to pick and choose which classes their children take at public schools. The district has discretion over curriculum and resource allocation.
The document discusses several Supreme Court cases related to freedom of expression by teachers and students in schools. It summarizes key rulings such as Pickering v. Board of Education which established that teachers have a right to freedom of expression as citizens. It also discusses guidelines for determining when teacher or student speech is protected, such as ensuring it is relevant to the classroom topic. Expressions that materially disrupt class or violate others' rights may not be protected.
The document summarizes three Supreme Court cases:
1) Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) upheld the constitutionality of racial segregation under the "separate but equal" doctrine. Homer Plessy was arrested for sitting in the white car of a train. The Court ruled racial segregation did not violate the 13th or 14th Amendments as long as facilities were equal.
2) New Jersey v. T.L.O. (1985) established the standard that school officials need reasonable suspicion, not probable cause, to conduct searches of students. A student's purse was searched for cigarettes and drugs were found.
3) Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier (1988
This document provides an overview of the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) for a workshop. It defines key FERPA concepts such as education records, directory information, and legitimate educational interest. It discusses students' FERPA rights including access to and amendment of education records. Exceptions where records can be disclosed without consent are outlined. Common concerns with FERPA compliance like communicating with parents and proper handling of subpoenas are also addressed. Information sources for FERPA questions are provided.
Children have ample opportunities to use electronic communication devices, leaving them vulnerable to cyberbullying. A Canadian study found that by age 11, children text for 80 minutes daily and 58% use social media, despite age restrictions. With increased technology use, bullying has moved online. Cyberbullying involves threatening or harassing messages, photos, and hate sites. Victims experience depression, anxiety, and in some cases suicide. Various organizations and initiatives aim to educate youth and combat cyberbullying through legislation, awareness campaigns, and encouraging positivity online.
Dr. William Allan Kritsonis - Significant Court Cases PPT.William Kritsonis
This document summarizes several important court cases related to freedom of expression for teachers and other public employees:
- Pickering v. Board of Education established that teachers have a right to freedom of expression as citizens and schools must provide documentation to justify adverse employment actions against teachers for their speech.
- Tinker v. Des Moines upheld students' right to free speech through armbands protesting the Vietnam War as long as it did not disrupt school operations.
- The Texas Whistleblower Act prohibits retaliation against public employees for reporting illegal activities and provides legal recourse if they face penalties for whistleblowing.
Sandy Hook Elementary School Shooting Illusionswilsonmc
The document discusses social media posts about the Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting that were made before the shooting occurred on December 14, 2012. It notes that organizations like Google, GoFundMe, Facebook, and others were fundraising and posting about the shooting before any shots were fired. It questions how information about the shooting could have been spread so widely before it happened. It also discusses apparent inconsistencies in sworn statements made by Connecticut State Troopers and Newtown police officers about their response and entry into the school.
This document discusses several court cases related to technology and the law. It provides summaries of incidents involving students posting racist videos online, creating fake social media profiles of teachers, filming and posting videos of teachers without consent, and hacking into major websites. The outcomes described include students being expelled from school or university, being disciplined, convicted of child pornography, and sentenced to probation and fines. The document also includes brief descriptions of the state and federal court system in the United States.
073115 - FAXED COMPLAINT TO EARL WATKINS (Conservator - Claiborne County Publ...VogelDenise
This document outlines concerns about the conditions of the Claiborne County Public School District in Mississippi, alleging it is implementing a "school-to-prison pipeline" that disproportionately impacts African American students. Specific issues raised include asbestos at the middle school, lack of funding for repairs, inadequate facilities and equipment at the high school, and failure to address safety issues like broken sprinkler systems and needed weight room equipment. The document requests responses from the conservator about the district's relationship with a law firm and plans to address the identified problems.
- A large cheating scandal was uncovered in the Atlanta public school system where teachers were changing answers on standardized tests to improve scores. An investigation found around 180 teachers and 38 principals at 44 schools were involved over multiple years.
- Most of the teachers faced criminal charges, which is rare. While some experts felt disciplinary action from the school would normally be sufficient, the former Attorney General who led the investigation felt criminal charges were warranted given the large number of minority students whose education was affected.
- Of the 35 defendants that went to trial, 8 were sentenced to 1-7 years in prison. The judge felt harsh penalties were needed as it was not a victimless crime. The verdict is meant to send a strong message
This document summarizes internet safety tips for parents, including who is most at risk of online predators, techniques predators use, and how to protect children. It provides statistics on online child victimization and solicitation and profiles of arrested predators. It lists general safety tips and parental monitoring and restriction resources to educate children about interacting safely online.
About Dr. William Allan Kritsonis
Remarks by Jennifer Butcher
August 22nd 2008
I have the privilege of introducing Dr. William Allan Kritsonis. Dr. Kritsonis earned a Bachelor’s degree from Central Washington University in Ellensburg, Washington. He earned his Master’s in Education from Seattle Pacific University and his PhD from the University of Iowa. He also was a Visiting Scholar at both Columbia University in New York, and Stanford University, Palo Alto, California.
Dr. Kritsonis has served education as a teacher, principal, and superintendent of schools. He has earned tenure as a professor at the highest academic rank at two major universities. He was also a professor at Louisiana State University in Baton Rouge.
In 2004, Dr. Kritsonis was recognized as the Central Washington University Alumni Association Distinguished Alumnus for the College of Education and Professional Studies.
In 2005, Dr. Kritsonis was an Invited Visiting Lecturer at the Oxford Round Table in the University of Oxford, Oxford, England.
Dr. Kritsonis is a well respected author of more than 500 articles in professional journals and several books. In 1983, Dr. Kritsonis founded the NATIONAL FORUM JOURNALS. These publications represent a group of highly respected academic journals in education.
Currently, Dr. Kritsonis is a Professor in the PhD Program in Educational Leadership here at Prairie View A&M University. At PV he has helped graduate students publish over 400 articles in professional journals and most are indexed in ERIC.
Dr. Kritsonis has dedicated himself to the advancement of educational leadership and to the education of students at all levels.
On July 26th this summer, Dr. Kritsonis was inducted into the William H. Parker Hall of Honor. He was nominated by doctoral and master’s degree students at Prairie View. It is my pleasure to welcome Dr. William Allan Kritsonis.
The document summarizes a court case involving a school district's policy requiring students transferring from a non-accredited private religious school to pass proficiency tests to receive academic credits. Sarah Hubbard and her parents sued the school district claiming the policy violated their religious freedom and equal protection rights. However, the court found the policy did not discriminate and was rationally related to the legitimate interest of validating credits. The court upheld the school district's policy and academic authority. Pending state legislation could impact school districts' authority over academic and religious matters.
This document outlines legal and ethical considerations for handling student records according to FERPA. It summarizes that while some actions may be legal, they are not always ethical. FERPA gives parents the right to access any education records related to their minor children but also allows eligible students access to their own records. School officials must carefully consider both laws and ethics when deciding when and with whom to share student records. Following FERPA guidelines can help avoid penalties for schools but officials are also bound to ethical codes of their profession to act with students' and families' best interests in mind regarding private information.
Proforma is a leading provider of graphic communications and business documents that offers clients a single source for all of their business needs. For over 30 years, Proforma has provided integrated solutions through its vast network of resources to help clients build successful businesses. When partnering with Proforma, clients gain access to Proforma's extensive product offerings and services through a responsive local partner backed by a large North American organization.
El documento presenta una tabla comparativa de tres servicios de telelocalización y teleasistencia: Maadis, que ofrece soluciones móviles de localización y control de personas y flotas las 24 horas para varios sectores; TELPES, que permite identificar tecnologías para desarrollar soluciones de teleasistencia accesibles para personas mayores sordas; y TeleCare, que ofrece teleasistencia médica en el hogar para control frecuente y detección temprana de empeoramientos en pacientes con enfermedades crónic
El documento resume el marco legal y los objetivos del Congreso Nacional de Educación en México. Según los estatutos, el Congreso es el órgano rector de la educación que delibera sobre temas educativos para mejorar el sistema. Su propósito es promover la participación de actores educativos para transformar la educación y responder a las necesidades del siglo XXI. El Congreso se desarrolla en varias etapas y aborda temas como la calidad educativa, la evaluación, los estudiantes y maestros.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise boosts blood flow, releases endorphins, and promotes changes in the brain which help relax the body and lift the mood.
Brazilian company Serasa has received authorization to provide digital certification services for electronic documents and signatures, allowing electronic documents certified by Serasa to have the same legal validity as physically signed documents. Serasa was founded in 1968 and provides economic, financial, and information services. Other authorized or pending authorized digital certification providers in Brazil include Serpro, CertiSign, and Unicert. The Provisory Measure 2200 established rules for guaranteeing the legal validity of electronic documents through digital certification.
El documento presenta los objetivos, áreas implicadas, recursos, criterios de evaluación, destrezas, contenidos, metodología y actividades para una unidad didáctica dirigida a alumnos de 5o de primaria sobre la investigación y escritura de cuentos para un certamen anual en su escuela. La unidad involucra principalmente las áreas de lengua, inglés y artística.
El documento discute la importancia de los trabajos prácticos y laboratorios en la enseñanza de las ciencias. Señala que muchas instituciones han perdido el interés en enseñar a través de experiencias prácticas. Aunque algunas instituciones aún ofrecen prácticas de laboratorio, a menudo no enseñan las técnicas de manera efectiva debido a un enfoque pedagógico tradicional que fomenta conclusiones predeterminadas en lugar del pensamiento crítico. El documento también elogia a los autores
The document summarizes changes to Brazil's transfer pricing legislation and rules regarding intellectual property rights. Specifically, it notes that:
1) Brazil is considering changes to include intellectual property rights under its transfer pricing rules, which are currently excluded.
2) If passed, the new bill would require companies with IP licenses or technology agreements to review them for compliance.
3) Companies receiving R&D incentives would still be excluded from the new transfer pricing rules.
A child put a fork into an electrical outlet and was electrocuted. The document warns that putting a fork into an electrical plug or outlet can cause electrocution due to the electricity passing through the metal fork.
This document provides an overview of the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) for a workshop. It defines key FERPA concepts such as education records, directory information, and legitimate educational interest. It discusses students' FERPA rights including access to and amendment of education records. Exceptions where records can be disclosed without consent are outlined. Common concerns with FERPA compliance like communicating with parents and proper handling of subpoenas are also addressed. Information sources for FERPA questions are provided.
Children have ample opportunities to use electronic communication devices, leaving them vulnerable to cyberbullying. A Canadian study found that by age 11, children text for 80 minutes daily and 58% use social media, despite age restrictions. With increased technology use, bullying has moved online. Cyberbullying involves threatening or harassing messages, photos, and hate sites. Victims experience depression, anxiety, and in some cases suicide. Various organizations and initiatives aim to educate youth and combat cyberbullying through legislation, awareness campaigns, and encouraging positivity online.
Dr. William Allan Kritsonis - Significant Court Cases PPT.William Kritsonis
This document summarizes several important court cases related to freedom of expression for teachers and other public employees:
- Pickering v. Board of Education established that teachers have a right to freedom of expression as citizens and schools must provide documentation to justify adverse employment actions against teachers for their speech.
- Tinker v. Des Moines upheld students' right to free speech through armbands protesting the Vietnam War as long as it did not disrupt school operations.
- The Texas Whistleblower Act prohibits retaliation against public employees for reporting illegal activities and provides legal recourse if they face penalties for whistleblowing.
Sandy Hook Elementary School Shooting Illusionswilsonmc
The document discusses social media posts about the Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting that were made before the shooting occurred on December 14, 2012. It notes that organizations like Google, GoFundMe, Facebook, and others were fundraising and posting about the shooting before any shots were fired. It questions how information about the shooting could have been spread so widely before it happened. It also discusses apparent inconsistencies in sworn statements made by Connecticut State Troopers and Newtown police officers about their response and entry into the school.
This document discusses several court cases related to technology and the law. It provides summaries of incidents involving students posting racist videos online, creating fake social media profiles of teachers, filming and posting videos of teachers without consent, and hacking into major websites. The outcomes described include students being expelled from school or university, being disciplined, convicted of child pornography, and sentenced to probation and fines. The document also includes brief descriptions of the state and federal court system in the United States.
073115 - FAXED COMPLAINT TO EARL WATKINS (Conservator - Claiborne County Publ...VogelDenise
This document outlines concerns about the conditions of the Claiborne County Public School District in Mississippi, alleging it is implementing a "school-to-prison pipeline" that disproportionately impacts African American students. Specific issues raised include asbestos at the middle school, lack of funding for repairs, inadequate facilities and equipment at the high school, and failure to address safety issues like broken sprinkler systems and needed weight room equipment. The document requests responses from the conservator about the district's relationship with a law firm and plans to address the identified problems.
- A large cheating scandal was uncovered in the Atlanta public school system where teachers were changing answers on standardized tests to improve scores. An investigation found around 180 teachers and 38 principals at 44 schools were involved over multiple years.
- Most of the teachers faced criminal charges, which is rare. While some experts felt disciplinary action from the school would normally be sufficient, the former Attorney General who led the investigation felt criminal charges were warranted given the large number of minority students whose education was affected.
- Of the 35 defendants that went to trial, 8 were sentenced to 1-7 years in prison. The judge felt harsh penalties were needed as it was not a victimless crime. The verdict is meant to send a strong message
This document summarizes internet safety tips for parents, including who is most at risk of online predators, techniques predators use, and how to protect children. It provides statistics on online child victimization and solicitation and profiles of arrested predators. It lists general safety tips and parental monitoring and restriction resources to educate children about interacting safely online.
About Dr. William Allan Kritsonis
Remarks by Jennifer Butcher
August 22nd 2008
I have the privilege of introducing Dr. William Allan Kritsonis. Dr. Kritsonis earned a Bachelor’s degree from Central Washington University in Ellensburg, Washington. He earned his Master’s in Education from Seattle Pacific University and his PhD from the University of Iowa. He also was a Visiting Scholar at both Columbia University in New York, and Stanford University, Palo Alto, California.
Dr. Kritsonis has served education as a teacher, principal, and superintendent of schools. He has earned tenure as a professor at the highest academic rank at two major universities. He was also a professor at Louisiana State University in Baton Rouge.
In 2004, Dr. Kritsonis was recognized as the Central Washington University Alumni Association Distinguished Alumnus for the College of Education and Professional Studies.
In 2005, Dr. Kritsonis was an Invited Visiting Lecturer at the Oxford Round Table in the University of Oxford, Oxford, England.
Dr. Kritsonis is a well respected author of more than 500 articles in professional journals and several books. In 1983, Dr. Kritsonis founded the NATIONAL FORUM JOURNALS. These publications represent a group of highly respected academic journals in education.
Currently, Dr. Kritsonis is a Professor in the PhD Program in Educational Leadership here at Prairie View A&M University. At PV he has helped graduate students publish over 400 articles in professional journals and most are indexed in ERIC.
Dr. Kritsonis has dedicated himself to the advancement of educational leadership and to the education of students at all levels.
On July 26th this summer, Dr. Kritsonis was inducted into the William H. Parker Hall of Honor. He was nominated by doctoral and master’s degree students at Prairie View. It is my pleasure to welcome Dr. William Allan Kritsonis.
The document summarizes a court case involving a school district's policy requiring students transferring from a non-accredited private religious school to pass proficiency tests to receive academic credits. Sarah Hubbard and her parents sued the school district claiming the policy violated their religious freedom and equal protection rights. However, the court found the policy did not discriminate and was rationally related to the legitimate interest of validating credits. The court upheld the school district's policy and academic authority. Pending state legislation could impact school districts' authority over academic and religious matters.
This document outlines legal and ethical considerations for handling student records according to FERPA. It summarizes that while some actions may be legal, they are not always ethical. FERPA gives parents the right to access any education records related to their minor children but also allows eligible students access to their own records. School officials must carefully consider both laws and ethics when deciding when and with whom to share student records. Following FERPA guidelines can help avoid penalties for schools but officials are also bound to ethical codes of their profession to act with students' and families' best interests in mind regarding private information.
Proforma is a leading provider of graphic communications and business documents that offers clients a single source for all of their business needs. For over 30 years, Proforma has provided integrated solutions through its vast network of resources to help clients build successful businesses. When partnering with Proforma, clients gain access to Proforma's extensive product offerings and services through a responsive local partner backed by a large North American organization.
El documento presenta una tabla comparativa de tres servicios de telelocalización y teleasistencia: Maadis, que ofrece soluciones móviles de localización y control de personas y flotas las 24 horas para varios sectores; TELPES, que permite identificar tecnologías para desarrollar soluciones de teleasistencia accesibles para personas mayores sordas; y TeleCare, que ofrece teleasistencia médica en el hogar para control frecuente y detección temprana de empeoramientos en pacientes con enfermedades crónic
El documento resume el marco legal y los objetivos del Congreso Nacional de Educación en México. Según los estatutos, el Congreso es el órgano rector de la educación que delibera sobre temas educativos para mejorar el sistema. Su propósito es promover la participación de actores educativos para transformar la educación y responder a las necesidades del siglo XXI. El Congreso se desarrolla en varias etapas y aborda temas como la calidad educativa, la evaluación, los estudiantes y maestros.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise boosts blood flow, releases endorphins, and promotes changes in the brain which help relax the body and lift the mood.
Brazilian company Serasa has received authorization to provide digital certification services for electronic documents and signatures, allowing electronic documents certified by Serasa to have the same legal validity as physically signed documents. Serasa was founded in 1968 and provides economic, financial, and information services. Other authorized or pending authorized digital certification providers in Brazil include Serpro, CertiSign, and Unicert. The Provisory Measure 2200 established rules for guaranteeing the legal validity of electronic documents through digital certification.
El documento presenta los objetivos, áreas implicadas, recursos, criterios de evaluación, destrezas, contenidos, metodología y actividades para una unidad didáctica dirigida a alumnos de 5o de primaria sobre la investigación y escritura de cuentos para un certamen anual en su escuela. La unidad involucra principalmente las áreas de lengua, inglés y artística.
El documento discute la importancia de los trabajos prácticos y laboratorios en la enseñanza de las ciencias. Señala que muchas instituciones han perdido el interés en enseñar a través de experiencias prácticas. Aunque algunas instituciones aún ofrecen prácticas de laboratorio, a menudo no enseñan las técnicas de manera efectiva debido a un enfoque pedagógico tradicional que fomenta conclusiones predeterminadas en lugar del pensamiento crítico. El documento también elogia a los autores
The document summarizes changes to Brazil's transfer pricing legislation and rules regarding intellectual property rights. Specifically, it notes that:
1) Brazil is considering changes to include intellectual property rights under its transfer pricing rules, which are currently excluded.
2) If passed, the new bill would require companies with IP licenses or technology agreements to review them for compliance.
3) Companies receiving R&D incentives would still be excluded from the new transfer pricing rules.
A child put a fork into an electrical outlet and was electrocuted. The document warns that putting a fork into an electrical plug or outlet can cause electrocution due to the electricity passing through the metal fork.
El documento presenta los valores de los canales de color (rojo, verde y azul) y los valores de densidad de las tintas cian, magenta, amarillo y negro para 20 imágenes en sus estados original, procesado y como se proyectarían en la separación de colores, con el objetivo de realizar correcciones con muestras de color.
This grammar book covers many essential topics of Spanish grammar including stem changing verbs, para, indirect object pronouns, gustar, affirmative and negative words, superlatives, reflexives, affirmative and negative tu commands with irregular verbs and pronoun placement, and sequencing events. It provides definitions, rules, and examples for each topic to help the reader properly understand and apply Spanish grammar concepts.
Este documento resume el origen y propósito del blog "El blog de Juanjo". El blog comenzó en 2007 como parte de un curso sobre filosofía para niños y tecnología de la información. Después del curso, el autor empezó a usar el blog como diario de su trabajo como profesor y como persona. El blog contiene varias secciones como reflexiones personales, comentarios de lectores, recursos educativos y herramientas para el aula.
El documento habla brevemente sobre China e incluye la palabra "incommensurable". No proporciona más detalles sobre el tema. Termina agradeciendo cordialmente a alguien llamado Susy e indica que para salir se debe presionar la tecla Escape.
This document provides rules for making nouns plural in English. It explains that most nouns form the plural by adding 's', but there are exceptions for nouns ending in certain letters like x, ch, s, sh where 'es' is added instead. It also discusses forming the possessive case for both singular and plural nouns. The document was created by Jennifer Medina and Isabel Carmona to teach plural nouns.
The document discusses recommendations for establishing an independent oversight mechanism for the International Criminal Court (ICC). It proposes that the Assembly of States Parties (ASP) create such a mechanism to monitor the ICC's activities and ensure integrity, transparency, and adherence to professional standards. Previous steps toward this included appointing facilitators to consult with states and NGOs. The current recommendations are that the mechanism be independent of the ICC yet co-located with the Office of Internal Audit, and have authority to initiate investigations and receive whistleblower reports.
Animación a la lectura ( Teatro de títeres ) elduendedigital
El cocinero real Serafín prepara una comida sana de patatas, pollo al horno y flan casero para los reyes y la princesa Catalina, quien solo come golosinas. Serafín compra frutas y verduras por la mañana y trabaja duro en la cocina pelando y friendo los alimentos. Al final, todos disfrutan de un banquete que incluye galletas dulces y saladas.
Este documento presenta información sobre la unidad 1 de un curso sobre innovación alimentaria. Explica conceptos clave como vida útil de los alimentos y métodos para predecir y aumentar la vida útil, como el uso de modelos matemáticos y pruebas aceleradas considerando factores como la temperatura y la carga microbiana. También cubre temas como alimentos funcionales y adaptados a intolerancias alimentarias.
El documento propone implementar un blog para que los estudiantes del grado 9o interactúen y accedan a información. El blog permitirá capacitar a los estudiantes en informática básica, diseñar y publicar actividades académicas y extracurriculares para la comunidad educativa, y actualizar periódicamente el contenido.
This document summarizes a study that investigated how families are affected when their children are criminalized at school for minor behaviors. The study found that families feel caught between the demands of the school and criminal justice systems. This causes stress for families who lose time from work trying to meet requirements from both institutions. As a result of feeling dissatisfied with how schools handled discipline, some families transferred schools or took legal action. The study provided insight into how school criminalization negatively impacts families personally and damages the relationship between schools and families.
The plaintiff was an eighth grade student who created a website at home that contained profane and threatening statements about her teacher. She was suspended from school as a result. The main issue in the case was whether the school could discipline her for off-campus speech. The court ruled that the school could discipline her because the website was aimed at the school community and foreseeably spread in the school, disrupting school activities. The court found that the school's actions did not violate the student's first amendment rights.
This document discusses school regulation of social media use by students. It summarizes four key Supreme Court cases that have established precedents around this issue: Tinker v. Des Moines, which established that student speech is protected unless it causes substantial disruption; Bethel v. Fraser, which upheld restrictions on lewd or vulgar student speech; Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier, which gave schools more authority to censor school-sponsored speech; and Morse v. Frederick, which allowed restrictions on speech that promotes illegal drug use. The document examines how these cases have shaped debate around how schools can regulate students' use of social media both on and off campus.
Juveniles at the or the case study about drug searches.docxwrite4
This document discusses two Supreme Court cases related to the legal rights of juveniles. The first case, New Jersey v. T.L.O., established that school officials can search students based on reasonable suspicion rather than probable cause. However, a later case, Safford Unified School District v. Redding, found that a strip search of a student was unreasonable without evidence she had hidden pills in her underwear. The document also discusses a case study about violent flash mobs of juveniles at an upscale shopping district in Kansas City and the police response of increasing patrols and implementing a youth curfew. It notes the complex relationship between police and juveniles and importance of understanding this to curb youth violence.
This document discusses teacher liability and legal issues related to teaching. It provides examples of court cases where teachers or schools were found negligent or not negligent for student injuries. It also addresses students' rights to free speech and issues around religion and curriculum in schools. The document advises teachers to cover themselves by documenting incidents, communicating with administrators, and avoiding risky behaviors both in and out of the classroom.
Dr. William Allan Kritsonis, Professor, PhD Program in Educational Leadership, PVAMU, The Texas A&M University System. School Law, Corporal Punishment, Due Process, Freedom of Expression
This document discusses perspectives on corporal punishment in public schools. It provides background on the legal status of corporal punishment, citing Supreme Court rulings that found it does not require due process protections and is not considered cruel or unusual punishment. While some view corporal punishment as an effective discipline technique backed by biblical verses, others argue it can perpetuate abuse, cause injuries, and is disproportionately used on certain groups of students. The document examines arguments both for and against corporal punishment in schools.
William Allan Kritsonis, PhD - Student Discipline, Regular School Discipline, Discipline by Administrators, Discipline by Teachers, Coporal Punishment, Due Process, Unfair Treatment, Discrimination, Excessive Force
This paper details faculty-student interaction and sometimes how these interactions get out of control resulting in private relationships including sexual relationships. An outline of such issues along with court recommendations is examined. The influence of the resulting precedents to the educational institution is then discussed in the paper.
Social Networks and Cyberbullying: Implications for Students and TeachersMemorial University
A look at updated legislation and recent court cases dealing with social networking, cyberbullying and freedom of speech. Will also look at what this might imply for students and teachers.
Dr. William Allan Kritsonis, Students Rights, Student Freedom of Speech, Student Expression, Pickering and other cases, Censsorship of Student Publications, Due Process, Discrimination, Diversity, Multicultural Issues, Personnel Administration
This document discusses student-on-student sexual harassment. It defines the two types of sexual harassment according to the Department of Education - quid pro quo harassment and hostile environment harassment. It examines what constitutes a hostile environment and lists circumstances to consider. Common reasons students give for sexual harassment are also presented. The document discusses landmark court cases around Title IX and student liability. Statistics on sexual harassment among students are provided.
Dr. William Allan Kritsonis, Public School Law, School Law, School Legal Issues, Educational Laws & Policies
Professorial Roles
Dr. Kritsonis has served in professorial roles at Central Washington University, Washington; Salisbury State University, Maryland; Northwestern State University, Louisiana; McNeese State University, Louisiana; and Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge in the Department of Administrative and Foundational Services.
In 2006, Dr. Kritsonis published two articles in the Two-Volume Set of the Encyclopedia of Educational Leadership and Administration published by SAGE Publications, Thousand Oaks, California. He is a National Reviewer for the Journal of Research on Leadership, University Council for Educational Administration (UCEA).
In 2007, Dr. Kritsonis was invited to write a history and philosophy of education for the ABC-CLIO Encyclopedia of World History.
Currently, Dr. Kritsonis is Professor of Educational Leadership at Prairie View A&M University – Member of the Texas A&M University System. He teaches in the PhD Program in Educational Leadership. Dr. Kritsonis taught the Inaugural class session in the doctoral program at the start of the fall 2004 academic year. In October 2006, Dr. Kritsonis chaired the first doctoral student to earn a PhD in Educational Leadership at Prairie View A&M University. He has chaired over 18 doctoral dissertations. He lives in Houston, Texas
Dr. William Allan Kritsonis earned his BA in 1969 from Central Washington University, Ellensburg, Washington. In 1971, he earned his M.Ed. from Seattle Pacific University. In 1976, he earned his PhD from the University of Iowa. In 1981, he was a Visiting Scholar at Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, and in 1987 was a Visiting Scholar at Stanford University, Palo Alto, California. In June 2008, Dr. Kritsonis received the Doctor of Humane Letters, School of Graduate Studies from Southern Christian University. The ceremony was held at the Hilton Hotel in New Orleans, Louisiana.
This document discusses the complex issue of balancing students' free speech rights with addressing bullying. It summarizes key Supreme Court rulings on student speech and examines how different circuits have applied these rulings to cyberbullying cases. The document also notes guidance from the Department of Education regarding when bullying may constitute harassment. It concludes by proposing schools apply the substantial disruption test from Tinker v. Des Moines, but also consider speech that "collides with the rights of others" if it is bullying, harassing, libelous or threatening. The ultimate goal is to provide safe schools while preserving political speech.
This single sentence document provides a link to an unofficial transcript page on the iCampus website for Strayer University. The link is https://icampus.strayer.edu/nav?s=6 and allows access to view an unofficial transcript.
Nikia Ayana Glass is a highly motivated education professional with over six years of experience in music instruction, lesson planning, and program development. She has worked as a teaching artist for the Kennedy Center and Smithsonian Institute, developing arts-integrated lessons aligned with educational standards. Glass also has experience as an instrumental music instructor and preschool teacher. She holds a Master of Education degree and is pursuing an MBA from Strayer University.
This paper explores how varying definitions of computer-mediated communication (CMC) have led to contradictory findings in research on online and offline relationships. It summarizes a study by Cummings et al. (2002) that found face-to-face interactions created more intimacy than email communication. However, other studies highlighted used different definitions of CMC, like instant messaging, and found it could foster intimacy. The paper argues all forms of CMC need to be considered to fully understand its impact on relationships.
The Kennedy Center will partner with Neval Thomas Elementary School to provide teaching artists and programs connecting students to the arts. Over the 2013-2014 school year, students will learn about storytelling and playwriting through workshops on vocabulary, reading, and writing skills. They will study the life and music of Bob Marley, learning how to identify moral lessons. The goal is for students to use their new skills to write and perform an original opera honoring Marley, incorporating music, costumes, and other elements to bring their story to life.
The document outlines a silent dance drama scene involving interactions with an ice cream van, including getting its attention, realizing they have no money, being given free ice cream, and waving goodbye. It also provides blocking instructions for a whole class improvisation where students imagine being wild football fans rushing to purchase concessions and finding better seats to watch the game.
The document summarizes three court cases related to discipline in public schools. The first case involved a student who was expelled for 90 days for making online threats of a school shooting. The court upheld the expulsion, finding the school responded reasonably. The second case involved a student suing two school districts for failing to stop years of bullying; the court is expected to rule in the student's favor. The third case involved two students who vandalized a school with anti-Semitic graffiti; they pled guilty to misdemeanors and received probation and community service.
The document discusses student freedoms and the limitations of searches and seizures in schools. It reviews several Supreme Court cases related to student searches. The key points are: 1) Searches must be based on reasonable suspicion of a violation of law or school rules to be constitutional; 2) Strip searches require a higher level of suspicion than other searches; 3) Random drug testing of student athletes has been upheld by the Supreme Court as constitutional. The document recommends changes to state laws regarding student searches to provide clearer guidelines and more training for school staff.
Nikia Ayana Glass is a highly motivated education professional with over six years of experience in music instruction, lesson planning, and program development. She has worked as a teaching artist for the Kennedy Center and Smithsonian Institute, developing arts-integrated lessons aligned with educational standards. Glass also has experience as an instrumental music instructor and preschool teacher. She holds a Master of Education degree and is pursuing an MBA from Strayer University.
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Iván Bornacelly, Policy Analyst at the OECD Centre for Skills, OECD, presents at the webinar 'Tackling job market gaps with a skills-first approach' on 12 June 2024
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In this webinar, participants learned how to utilize Generative AI to streamline operations and elevate member engagement. Amazon Web Service experts provided a customer specific use cases and dived into low/no-code tools that are quick and easy to deploy through Amazon Web Service (AWS.)
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Whether you're new to SEO or looking to refine your existing strategies, this webinar will provide you with actionable insights and practical tips to elevate your nonprofit's online presence.
THE SACRIFICE HOW PRO-PALESTINE PROTESTS STUDENTS ARE SACRIFICING TO CHANGE T...indexPub
The recent surge in pro-Palestine student activism has prompted significant responses from universities, ranging from negotiations and divestment commitments to increased transparency about investments in companies supporting the war on Gaza. This activism has led to the cessation of student encampments but also highlighted the substantial sacrifices made by students, including academic disruptions and personal risks. The primary drivers of these protests are poor university administration, lack of transparency, and inadequate communication between officials and students. This study examines the profound emotional, psychological, and professional impacts on students engaged in pro-Palestine protests, focusing on Generation Z's (Gen-Z) activism dynamics. This paper explores the significant sacrifices made by these students and even the professors supporting the pro-Palestine movement, with a focus on recent global movements. Through an in-depth analysis of printed and electronic media, the study examines the impacts of these sacrifices on the academic and personal lives of those involved. The paper highlights examples from various universities, demonstrating student activism's long-term and short-term effects, including disciplinary actions, social backlash, and career implications. The researchers also explore the broader implications of student sacrifices. The findings reveal that these sacrifices are driven by a profound commitment to justice and human rights, and are influenced by the increasing availability of information, peer interactions, and personal convictions. The study also discusses the broader implications of this activism, comparing it to historical precedents and assessing its potential to influence policy and public opinion. The emotional and psychological toll on student activists is significant, but their sense of purpose and community support mitigates some of these challenges. However, the researchers call for acknowledging the broader Impact of these sacrifices on the future global movement of FreePalestine.
Temple of Asclepius in Thrace. Excavation resultsKrassimira Luka
The temple and the sanctuary around were dedicated to Asklepios Zmidrenus. This name has been known since 1875 when an inscription dedicated to him was discovered in Rome. The inscription is dated in 227 AD and was left by soldiers originating from the city of Philippopolis (modern Plovdiv).
Level 3 NCEA - NZ: A Nation In the Making 1872 - 1900 SML.pptHenry Hollis
The History of NZ 1870-1900.
Making of a Nation.
From the NZ Wars to Liberals,
Richard Seddon, George Grey,
Social Laboratory, New Zealand,
Confiscations, Kotahitanga, Kingitanga, Parliament, Suffrage, Repudiation, Economic Change, Agriculture, Gold Mining, Timber, Flax, Sheep, Dairying,
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
Philippine Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) CurriculumMJDuyan
(𝐓𝐋𝐄 𝟏𝟎𝟎) (𝐋𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐨𝐧 𝟏)-𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐬
𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐄𝐏𝐏 𝐂𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐮𝐦 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐏𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐩𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬:
- Understand the goals and objectives of the Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) curriculum, recognizing its importance in fostering practical life skills and values among students. Students will also be able to identify the key components and subjects covered, such as agriculture, home economics, industrial arts, and information and communication technology.
𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐍𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐒𝐜𝐨𝐩𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐧 𝐄𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐮𝐫:
-Define entrepreneurship, distinguishing it from general business activities by emphasizing its focus on innovation, risk-taking, and value creation. Students will describe the characteristics and traits of successful entrepreneurs, including their roles and responsibilities, and discuss the broader economic and social impacts of entrepreneurial activities on both local and global scales.
1. Assignment 1: Discipline in the Public Schools1
Assignment 1: Discipline in the Public Schools
Nikia Glass
Dr. Joe L. Canada
Education and the Law – EDU 520
October 20, 2013
2. Assignment 1: Discipline in the Public Schools2
Case#1:Summary
On May 16, 2013, District Judge Larry R. Hicks, argued and submitted the Wynar v.
Douglas County School District case, and it was filed on August 29, 2013 (uscourts.gov, 2013).
This case was about a student that made deadly threats over the internet, through MySpace. This
student also bragged about having access to a lot of weapons, and threatened to commit a school
shooting. He also made a wicked claim to his classmates, that he would conduct this heinous act
on the anniversary of the Columbine school shooting incident, and that the number of his victims
would out-number those that were in the Virginia Tech shooting. Not only did he make this very
serious threat; he also gave names of the students that he planned to target and kill in the
shooting.
Several individuals that read about this, or learned about these messages, took thethreats
seriously and reported the incidents to school authorities; as a result, the accused student was
interviewed by school officials. During the interview, he admitted to being the one responsible
for making the threats, but assured everyone that he was only joking. Regardless, of the student‟s
intent, the school took immediate disciplinary action and made the decision to expel this student
for 90 days, on the grounds of school policy violation. In retaliation the student and his parents
decided to sue the school for violating his first amendment right.
Decision of the Court
Throughout this case there was a lot of discussion about whether or not the school
responded inappropriately, as well as, whether or not there is ever an appropriate time to
discipline students for incidents that occur off campus. In the end, the court justifies and
applauds the school district for taken immediate and reasonable disciplinary action against
school-wide violence. The court was very much in favor of the student being expelled from
3. Assignment 1: Discipline in the Public Schools3
school, and they further, explained and expressed beliefs; that the school responded in a
reasonable manner, and that the school had every right to take the threats seriously, simply
because of the possibility that lives of other students were in harm‟s way. The court considered
the question of what is the best way to determine when and how, negative online student speech
should be subject to punishment. „Some courts have required that there be a showing of a
sufficient “nexus” between online speech and the school before discipline can be imposed, while
others require a showing that it was reasonably foreseeable that a student‟s off-campus, online
speech would infect the school environment‟ (Wernz, 2013, p.)
Argument
I agree with both the disciplinary actions of the school system, and the decision of the
court. This student deserved to be expelled, and his counter law suit deserved to be thrown out. I
also think that it made a lot of sense for the school district to expel the student for 90 days,
because, without a shadow of a doubt, this student definitely violated a policy created to protect
students from all harm and danger. Furthermore, I think that this kid, and his parents had a lot of
nerve, to file a suit. I think that their argument about his off-campus speech was protected by the
First Amendment of the U.S. Constitution, was outrageously bogus.
Impact of the Decision
The decision of the court has further sparked the discussion about the purpose, and
importance, of intervention when students show signs of instability and desires to cause
emotional and bodily harm. The decision of the court has helped to prompt and make other
school districts more aware of the most effective ways to forecast substantial acts of violence and
disruption, provoked by students. Such acts of ill contact should never be taken lightly and
should always be addressed, regardless if it takes place on or off school grounds.
4. Assignment 1: Discipline in the Public Schools4
Case #2: Summary
In this case, the Flemington-Raritan and Hunterdon Central Boards of Education are
being sued for allowing one of their students to be subjected to years of bullying without
protection from school officials. Allegedly, both classmates and school employees were
responsible for the bullying. The suit details many incidents over an eight-year period starting in
grade school in the Flemington-Raritan district and continuing into high school at Hunterdon
Central(Shupe, 2013, p.1). As a result, his parents have been, and continue to be outragedabout
their son‟s experiences in school. They have tried everything in their power to cooperate and
reason with school officials; they have even filed reports with the police. Despite genuine efforts
to develop a contingency plan for conflict de-escalation and progress, their son continued, and
continues to be subjected to severe bullying on school grounds. Surprisingly, his parents claim
that the school did nothing to stop the bullying.
Allegedly, over the years, their son has been teased for his physical appearance, as well
as his sexual orientation. In addition, as a result of the bullying and constant torment, their son
has developed some debilitating health issues. All of these issues are very unfortunate. It is clear
that this young teenage boy and his parents are highly upset and disappointed in how these issues
have been handled. They believe that the school‟s idea of disciplinary action involves way too
much talking during intervention based conferences, and not enough action.
Decision of the Court
Unfortunately, since a court date has yet to be scheduled, the absolute outcome of this
case is unclear. However based upon the evidence of this case, varied education laws, and other
similar cases that have gone to court, I believe that the young teenage boy and his parents have a
great chance of winning. In addition, I‟m certain that in lieu of the evidence provided, the court will be
5. Assignment 1: Discipline in the Public Schools5
able to determine that the young teenage boy is clearly a victim of bullying. They will have the
opportunity to review evidence of decline in participation, issues with absenteeism, school transfers, poor
self-image, as well as physical and mental health issues (Yudof, Levin, Moran, Ryan, & Bowman, 2012),
so I‟m more than certain that the court will rule in his favor.
Argument
I absolutely disagree with the form of disciplinary action that was exercised by the two
school districts in question. To simply hold meetings and conferences, and not take further
disciplinary action is absurd. It is senseless, illogical, contrary to all reason and common sense. I
think that the school was out right insensitive, lazy, and unconcerned, and although there is no
set court date, I believe that the young boy‟s lawyer is wise to make reference to the Anti-
Bullying law of 2011. He states that based upon the results of a state Supreme Court case from
Toms River, “the court held that a school district is responsible for protecting its students, and
for this reason, the parents of this current case, has chosen to sue the school and not the bullies
themselves” (Shurpe, 2013, p.1).
Nevertheless, the school district has denied such allegations; and has taken a stance against the
claim, and by law they have that right. “Attorney Robert Francis Gold denies the allegations aimed at the
high school, he also cites several different doctrines that bar the family from making such claims. The
district also filed third-party claims against alleged bullies and their parents” (dreamsomething.com,
2013, p.1)
In support, legal publications, provided by Yudof et al. (2012) states that:
Every person who, under color of any statute, ordinance, regulation, custom, or usage, of any
State or Territory or the District of Columbia, subjects, or causes to be subjected, any citizen of
the United States or other person within the jurisdiction thereof to the deprivation of any rights,
privileges, or immunities secured by the Constitution and laws, shall be liable to the party injured
in an action at law, suit in equity, or other proper proceeding for redress” (p.658)
Impact of the Decision
6. Assignment 1: Discipline in the Public Schools6
I believe that when this particular case goes to court, the judge will rule in the favor, and
on behalf of this young teenage boy and his parents. I also believe that this ruling will deter other
school districts from taking the issues of bullying so lightly, and possible deter the act of
bullying from occurring in the first place. I‟m also certain that after this case is over the school
district will have to change their disciplinary action policy for bullying, and take more serious
and extreme measures against bullies.
Case #3: Summary
Two teens, Owen Edwards and Carter Hall, were arrested for vandalism at St. Paul‟s
School in Covington, Louisiana; and faced felony charges for allegedly defacing about $2,000
worth of property. These young teens were also jailed and held at a 25,000 bond each.„Police
arrested them nearly two weeks after 40 locations on St. Paul's campus were vandalized.The Star
of David; and the words "Hitler" and "Hail Satan 666" were painted on the school's bell tower,
chapel and religious statues‟ (Nolan, 2013a, p.1). In response to the issues surrounding this case
school principal, Brother Ray Bulliard, sent out an email to parents, offering prayer for the young
teenage boys, and all others that may be tempted to commit crimes of hate, and suggested to
parents that they use this case as a teachable moment.
Credit was provided to the Crimestoppers for keeping a close watch on the school, and
forcarefully gathering information on the school‟s behalf, and helping police make the arrest.
Crimestoppers were also offered a cash reward for their efforts and for gathering information that
lead to the arrest and indictment of the two teenage boys.
Decision of the Court
In court, the teenage boys pled guilty, and each felony charge was commuted to one
misdemeanor count, for $500 worth of damage to school property, with graffiti.Judge Peter
7. Assignment 1: Discipline in the Public Schools7
Garcia,also ordered each of them to serve a two year probationary period, 5 weekends in jail, and
50 hours of community service. In addition, they both were ordered to pay over $1,000 in
restitution fees for property damage and for the efforts of theCrimestoppers organization, and
both boys were ordered to write an apology letter to the school, and a ten page paper on religion
intolerance.
Argument
I think that the disciplinary action of the school was most gracious, but yet firm. I believe
that it was gracious of them to contact the parents and offer prayer for the actions of these
troubled teens; and most wise of them to work collaboratively with Crimestoppers and the
regional police in efforts to bring these criminals to justice. However, I‟m not too sure if it was a
good idea for the Judge to commute each felony charge down to a misdemeanor, and having
them serve probation, 5 weekends in jail, 50 hours of community service, and write apologizes
and ten page papers. They just don‟t seem to be harsh enough of forms of punishment. I think
that if the felony charges stuck, then the boys would have really learned their lessons. It may
have also been a great idea to provide them with some professional help for their signs of mental
illness.
Impact of the Decision
“Records show the court may consider dismissing the prosecution, under Article 894after
the two successfully completed probation. The dismissal would have the same effect as an
acquittal”(Nolan, 2013b, p.2). Nevertheless, if these boys were ever convicted again in the
future, they may be charged as multiple offenders, and could possible face more serious rulings,
that may cause them to spend several years in jail. Hopefully, these boys will count their
blessings, and learn from this incriminating experience. They have their whole lives ahead of
8. Assignment 1: Discipline in the Public Schools8
them, but life is short, so it would be wise for them to make better choices, and assure
themselves of a brighter future.
9. Assignment 1: Discipline in the Public Schools9
References
Dreamsomething.com (2013).High school denies bullying accusations, files claim against the
alleged bullies – Hunterdon County Democrat. Retrieved from
http://dreamsomething.com/2013/06/04/high-school-denies-bullying-accusations-files-
claim-against-the-alleged-bullies-hunterdon-county-democrat/
Shupe, L. (2013). Student sues two school districts for allegedly failing to stop bullying. NJ.com
True Jersey. Retrieved from http://www.nj.com/hunterdon-county-democrat/index.ssf/
2013/ 03/ student_sues_two_school_distri.html#incart_river
Nolan, H. (2013a). 2 teens arrested in connection with St. Paul's vandalism. The Times-
Picayune: Greater New Orleans. Retrieved from http://www.nola.com/ crime/index.ssf/
2013/05/ two_ teens_arrested_in_connecti.html
Nolan, H. (2013b). Teens plead guilty in St. Paul's vandalism case, told to write apology letters
and pay restitution. The Times-Picayune: Greater New Orleans. Retrieved from
http://www.nola.com/crime/index.ssf/2013/10/teens_plead_guilty_in_st_pauls.html
uscourts.gov (2013).For publication: United states court of appeals for the ninth circuit, No. 11-
17127D.C. No.3:09-cv-00626-LRH-VPC. Retrieved fromhttp://cdn.ca9.uscourts.gov/
datastore/opinions/2013/09/04/11-17127%2 0web%20 corrected.pdf
Wernz, J. (2013). Ninth circuit upholds discipline of student for off-campus,
online threat of school shooting. Education Law Insights. Retrieved from
http://edlawinsights.com/2013/09/10/wynar-ninth-circuit-upholds-discipline-of-student-
for-off-campus-online-threat-of-school-shooting/
Yudof, M., Levin, B., Moran, R., Ryan, J., & Bowman, K. (2012). Educational policy and the
law.(5th
ed.). Belmont, CA:Cengage Learning.