The document describes Edgar Dale's Cone of Experience model of instructional materials. It discusses the different bands of experience in the model from most concrete to abstract: direct experiences, demonstrations, exhibits, films, still pictures, and verbal symbols. It also provides guidance for selecting, preparing, presenting, and following up on instructional materials to maximize student learning based on Dale's research showing retention rates are highest for hands-on experiences.

1. Rizal Technological
University
LESSON 55: THE CONE EXPERIENCE
LESSON 6 : USING AND EVALUATING
INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS
SUBMITTED BY:: ( WRECKING GIRLS )
MARK JOHN BRIOL CASAO
ZAJARAH BALAJADIA
ROVEL INIGUEZ
VENUS MASAGANDA
JOANNE DELA CRUZ
RUDELYN TASANI
SUBMITTED TO: :
DR. ULYSSES L. LIM
2ND SEMESTER (2013-2014)

2. LESSON 5 : THE CONE EXPERIENCE
CONE EXPERIENCE – IS A MODELTHAT PRESENTS BANDS OF EXPERIENCE
ARRANGED ACCORDING TO DEGREE OF ABSTRACTION AND NOT DEGREE OF
DIFFICULTY.
EDGAR DALE ( APRIL 27 1900 IN BENSON , MINNNESOTA )
HE WAS A AMERICAN EDUCATIONIST WHO DEVELOPED THE CONE OF
EXPERIENCE. HE MADE SEVERAL CONTRIBUTIONS TO AUDIO AND VISUAL
INSTRUCTION, INCLUDING A METHODOLOGY FOR ANALYZING THE CONTENT OF
MOTION PICTURES
PARTS OF CONE EXPERIENCE
DIRECT PURPOSEFUL EXPERIENCE – WE BUILD UP OUR RESERVOIR OF
MEANINGFUL INFORMATION AND IDEAS THROUGH THE FIVE SENSES.
CONTRIVED EXPERIENCES – WE MAKE USE OF A REPRESENTATIVE MODELS OR
MOCK UPS OF REALITY FOR PRACTICAL REASONS AND SO THAT WE CAN
MAKE THE REAL LIFE ACCESSIBLE TO THE STUDENTS PERCEPTION AND
UNDERSTANDING .

3. DRAMATIZED EXPERIENCES –WE CAN PARTICIPATE IN A RECONSTRUCTED
EXPERIENCE, EVEN THOUGH THE ORIGINAL EVENT IS FAR REMOVED FROM
US IN TIME.
DEMONSTRATIONS – IT IS A VISUALIZED EXPLANATION OF AN IMPORTANT
FACT, IDEA OR PROCESS BY THE USE OF PHOTOGRAPHS, DRAWINGS,
FILMS, DISPLAYS, OR GUIDED MOTIONS .
STUDY TRIPS – ARE EXCURSIONS, EDUCATIONAL TRIPS AND VISITS
CONDUCTED.
EXHIBITS – THESE ARE DISPLAYS TO BE SEEN BY SPECTATORS.
TELEVISION AND MOTION PICTURES – IT CAN RECONSTRUCT THE REALITY OF
THE PAST SO THAT WE ARE MADE TO FEEL WE ARE THERE.
STILL PICTURES, RECORDINGS, RADIO – THESE ARE VISUAL AND AUDITORY
DEVICES WHICH MAY BE USED BY AN INDIVIDUAL OR A GROUP .
VISUAL SYMBOLS – THESE ARE NO LONGER REALISTIC REPRODUCTION OF
PHYSICAL THINGS FOR THESE ARE HIGHLY ABSTRACT REPRESENTATIONS.

4. VERBAL SYMBOLS – THEY ARE NOT LIKE THE OBJECTS OR IDEAS FOR WHICH
THEY STAND. THEY USUALLY DO NOT CONTAIN VISUAL CLUES TO THEIR
MEANING.
LESSON 6 : USING AND EVALUATING INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS

5. HOW CAN INSTRUCTORS USE THE CONE OF EXPERIENCE?
According to Dale’s research, the least effective method at the
top, involves learning from information presented through verbal
symbols, i.e., listening to spoken words. The most effective
methods at the bottom, involves direct, purposeful learning
experiences, such as hands-on or field experience. Direct
purposeful learning experiences represent reality or the closet
things to real, everyday life.

6. The cone charts the average retention rate for various methods of
teaching. The further you progress down the cone, the greater the
learning and the more information is likely to be retained. It also
suggests that when choosing an instructional method it is
important to remember that involving students in the process
strengthens knowledge retention.
It reveals that “action-learning” techniques result in up to 90%
retention. People learn best when they use perceptual learning
styles. Perceptual learning styles are sensory based. The more
sensory channels possible in interacting with a resource, the
better chance that many students can learn from it. According to
Dale, instructors should design instructional activities that build
upon more real-life experiences.
SELECTION OF MATERIALS
THE FOLLOWING GUIDE GUIDED QUESTIONS EXPRESS STANDARDS TO CONSIDER
IN THE SELECTION OF INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS:
 DOES THE MATERIAL GIVE A TRUE PICTURE OF THE IDEAS THE PRESENT?
TO AVOID MISCONCEPTIONS, IT IS ALWAYS GOOD TO ASK WHEN THE
MATERIAL WAS PRODUCED.
 DOES THE MATERIAL CONTRIBUTE MEANINGFUL CONTENT TO THE TOPIC
UNDER STUDY? DOES THE MATERIAL HELP YOU ACHIEVE THE
INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVE?

7.  IS THE MATERIAL ALIGNED TO THE CURRICULUM STANDARDS AND
COMPETENCES?
 IS THE MATERIAL CULTURE-AND GRADES-SENSITIVE?
 DOES THE MATERIAL HAVE CULTURE BIAS?
 IS THE MATERIAL APPROPRIATE FOR THE AGE, INTELLIGENCE AND
EXPERIENCE OF THE LEARNERS?
 IS THE PHYSICAL CONDITION OF THE MATERIAL SATISFACTORY? AN
EXAMPLE, IS A PHOTOGRAPH PROPERLY MOUNTED?
 IS THERE A TEACHER GUIDE TO GUIDE TO PROVIDE A BRIEFING FOR
EFFECTIVE USE? THE CHANCE THAT THE INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIAL WILL
BE USED TO THE MAXIMUM AND TO THE OPTIMUM IS INCREASED WITH A
TEACHER’S GUIDE.

CAN THE MATERIAL IN QUESTION HELP TO MAKE STUDENTS BETTER
THINKERS AND DEVELOP THEIR CRITICAL FACULTIES? WITH EXPOSURE TO
MASS MEDIA, IT IS HIGHLY IMPORTANT THAT WE MAINTAIN AND
STRENGTHEN OUR RATIONAL POWERS.
 DOES THE USE OF MATERIAL MAKE LEARNERS COLLABORATE WITH ONE
ANOTHER?
 DOES THE MATERIALS PROMOTE SELF-STUDY?
 IS THE MATERIAL WORTH THE TIME, EXPENSE AND EFFORT INVOLVED? A
FIELD TRIP, FOR INSTANCE, REQUIRES MUCH TIME , EFFORT AND MONEY.
IS IT MORE EFFECTIVE THAN ANY OTHER LESS EXPENSIVE AND LESS
DEMANDING INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIAL THAT CAN TAKE ITS PLACE ? OR IS
THERE A BETTER SUBSTITUTE ?
THE PROPER USE OF MATERIALS

8. YOU MAY HAVE SELECTED YOUR INSTRUCTIONS MATERIAL WELL . THIS IS
NO GUARANTEE THAT THE INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIAL WILL BE EFFECTIVELY
UTILIZED. IT IS ONE THING TO SELECT A GOOD INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIAL; IT IS
ANOTHER THING TO USE IT WELL.
P – prepare yourself
P – prepare your student
P – present the material
F – follow up
PREPARE YOUR SELF – YOU KNOW YOUR LESSON OBJECTIVE AND WHAT YOU
EXPECTED FROM THE CLASS AFTER THE SESSION AND WHY YOU HAVE YOU
EXPECTED FROM THE CLASS AFTER THE SESSION AND WHY YOU HAVE SELECTED
SUCH PARTICULAR INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIAL .
PREPARE YOUR STUDENTS – SET REASONABLY HIGH CLASS EXPECTATIONS AND
LEARNING GOALS. IT IS SOUND PRACTICE TO GIVE THEM GUIDE QUESTIONS FOR
THEM TO BE ABLE TO ANSWER DURING THE DISCUSSION .
PRESENT THE MATERIAL – UNDER THE BEST POSSIBLE CONDITIONS. MANY
TEACHERS ARE GUILTY OF THE R.O.G. SYNDROME. THIS IS MEANS “RUNNING
OUT OF GAS” WHICH USUALLY RESULT FROM POOR PLANNING .
FOLLOW UP – REMEMBER THAT YOU USE INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIAL TO
ACHIEVE AN OBJECTIVE , NOT TO KILL TIME NOR TO GIVE YOURSELF A BREAK,
NEITHER TO MERELY ENTERTAIN THE CLASS . YOU USE THE INSTRUCTIONAL FOR
THE ATTAINMENT OF A LESSON OBJECTIVE .

9. Rizal Technological University
DAY
1

10. TOPIC
PRESENTOR
Introduction and
Abstraction
Joanne Dela Cruz
Bands of experience
in Dale’s Cone
of Experience
Rudelyn Tasani
PS Personal Postscript –
The Cone of
Experience:
A Reminder
Venus S. Masaganda
Rizal Technological University
DAY
TOPIC
2
PRESENTOR

11. Introduction and
Abstraction
Rovel Iniguez
Selection of
Materials
Zajarah Balajadia
The Pproper
Use of Materials
Mark John B. Casao
Rizal Technological University
Name : _____________________________________________
Section :____________________________________
Date : _____________________________
Professor : _______________________
A. Write TRUE if the sentence given is correct If not write FALSE.
__________________1. Exhibit are displays to be seen by spectators.
__________________2. Direct purposeful experiences are first hand experiences which
serve as the foundation of our learning.
__________________3. Television and VHS pictures can reconstruct the reality of the past
so effectively that we are made to feel we are there.
__________________4. Field trips are excursions, educational trips, and visits conducted
to observe an event that is unavailable within the classroom.
__________________5. Demonstration is a visualized explanation of an important facts and
ideas.

12. __________________6. Demonstration is process by the use of photographs, drawings,
films, displays, or guided motions
_________________7. We can use representative models or mock ups in contrived
experiences.
_________________8. Edgar Dale is the proponent of Cone of Experience.
_________________9. Visual symbols can be charts, graphs, maps and diagrams.
_________________10. Still pictures, Recordings, radio are visual and auditory device
which may be used by an individual or a group.
B.
Enumeration
B.A. Give the bands of experience
in Dale’s Cone of Experience
( 7 points)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
C.
9.
10.
11.
B.B. Give the meaning of PPPF
(3 points)
PPPF-
Essay
Does the use of material make learners collaborate with one another?
Does PPPF help us to make our action well?
Rizal Technological University
ANSWER KEY
A. Write TRUE if the sentence given is correct If not write FALSE.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
True
True
False
False
True
True
True
True

13. 9.
10.
True
True
B. Enumeration
B.A
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
Direct Purposeful Experiences
Contrived Experiences
Dramatized Experiences
Demonstrations
Study Trips
Exhibits
Educational Television
Motion Pictures
Recordings, Radio, Still Pictures
Visual Symbols
Verbal Symbols
B.B
P – Prepare yourself
P – Prepare your student
P – Present the material
F – Follow up
C. ESSAY
-
Write your answer at the back of your questionnaire.
Write your answer at the back of your questionnaire.