1) The document discusses guidelines for selecting and using instructional materials effectively. It emphasizes that the materials must contribute to learning objectives and be appropriate for students. 2) It recommends preparing oneself, students, and materials according to the PPPF framework: Prepare, Present, Follow up. Teachers should understand objectives and have a lesson plan. 3) For optimal use, teachers should select materials giving a true picture, contributing to objectives, and in good condition. They should also provide guidance, assess learning, and enhance retention through follow up.

1. Using and Evaluating Instructional Materials
What Guidelines should be considered in the section
and used of instructional materials?

2. Instructional Materials- are educational resources used to
improve students’ knowledge, abilities, and skills to monitor
their absorb of information to contribute to their overall
development and upbringing or early training
 Instructional Materials- are materials that also
assist the facilitator in the teaching-learning process.
 Instructional materials- are not self-
supporting instead, they are supplementary
training or additional devices.

3.  One of the instructional materials used to attain
instructional objectives is field trip.

4. A field trip or excursion- is a journey by a group of people to
a place away from their normal environment. The purpose of
the field trip is usually observation for education, non-
experimental research or to provide students experiences
outside their everyday activities, such us going camping with
teachers and their classmates. The aim of this research is to
observe the subject in its natural state and possibly collect
samples. In western culture first come across this method
during school years when classes are taken on school trips to
visit a geological or geographical feature of the landscape, for
example. Much of early research into the natural sciences was
of this form. Charles Darwin is an important example of
someone who has contributed to science thru the used of field
trips.

5.  Charles Darwin
 1809-1882
Excelled in Geology and Biology
Studied Medicine and Theology
Published on the origin
of species.
 Travelled within 5
years around the world
 He was developed a
Human Evolution Theory.

6. Selections of Materials
For an effective use of instructional materials
such as field trip, there are guidelines that ought
to be observed, first of all, in their selection and
second, in their use.

7.  Do the material give a true picture of the ideas they present?
To avoid misconceptions or bad, it is always good to ask
when the material was produced.
 Do the material contribute or to give meaningful content to
the topic under study?
 Do the material help you achieve the
instructional objective?
Guidelines for effective use of materials

8.  Is the physical condition of the material
satisfactory? An example, is the microscope
properly working?
 Is there a teacher’s guide to provide a briefing
for effective use? The chance that the
instructional material will be used to the
maximum and to the optimum is increased with
a teacher’s guide.

9.  Can the material in question help to make students better
thinkers and develop their critical faculties? With exposure to
mass media. It is highly important that we maintain and
strengthen our rational powers.
 Do the use of material make learners collaborate
with one another?
 Is the material worth the time, expenses and effort
involved? A field trip, for instance, requires much time,
effort, and money. It is more effective than any other less
expensive and less demanding instructional material that
can take its place? Or is there a better substitute?

10. PREPARE YOURSELF
PREPARE YOUR STUDENT
PRESENT THE MATERIAL
FOLLLOW-UP
To ensure effective use of instructional material,
Hayden Smith and Thomas Nigel, (1972) book
authors on Instructional Media, advise us to abide
by the acronym PPPF.
Proper Use of Materials

11.  “ It is one thing to select a good instructional
material; it is another thing to use it
well.“…Hyden and Thomas
 Hayden Smith and Thomas Nagel
(1972) both authors on Instructional
Media.
 Thomas Nagel is a professor of
philosophy at New York
University.
 He is known within philosophy of mind
as an advocate of the idea that
consciousness and subjective experience
cannot be reduced to brain activity.
Thomas Nagel

12. Prepare Yourself
 You know your lesson
objective and what you expect
from the class after the session
and why you have selected such
particular instructional material.
 You have a plan on how you
will proceed, what question to
ask, how you will evaluate
learning and how you will end
before the bell rings.

13. Prepare your students
 Set reasonably high class
expectations and learning
goals. It is sound practice
to give them guide
questions for them to be
able to answer during the
discussion.
 Motivate them and keep
them interested and
engaged.

14. Present the material
 Present the material under the best possible
conditions. Many teachers are guilty of the R.O.G
Syndrome. This is means “running out of gas” which
usually results from the poor planning. (Smith, 1972)
Using media and materials, especially if they are
mechanical in nature, often requires rehearsal and a
carefully planned performance.

15. Follow up
 Remember that you use
instructional materials to achieve
objectives, not to kill time nor to
give yourself a break, neither to
merely entertain the class. Your
use of the instructional material is
not the end itself. It is a means to
an end, the attainment of a
learning objectives. So, there is
need to follow up to find out if
objective was attained, otherwise
they become useless.

16. To ensure that instructional materials serve their
purpose in instruction, we need to observe some
guidelines in their selection and use. The materials
that we select must,

17. 1. Give a true picture of the ideas they present
2. Contribute to the attainment of
the learning objective
3. Be aligned to curriculum
standards and competencies
4. Be appropriate to the age,
intelligence and experience
of the learners
5. Be in good and satisfactory condition.

18. 6. Be culture sensitive and gender
sensitive.
7. Provide for a teacher’s guide
8. Help develop the critical and
creative thinking powers of
students.
9. Promote collaborative learning
10. Be worth the time, expense and
effort involved.

19. For optimum use of the instructional materials, it is necessary
That the teacher prepares:
 Herself:
 Her students:
 The instructional material and does, follow-up:

20. Herself

21. Her student

22. The instructional material and does follow up

23. Promote Independent study
2. To accomplish this learning log…ask yourself
What I learned? (deposit) How I apply what I learned (divided)

24. Robert Gagne’s nine (9) instructional material in the
subject facilitating learning.

25. Robert Mills Gagné (August 21, 1916 – April 28, 2002) was
an American educational psychologist best known for his
Conditions of Learning. He pioneered the science of
instruction during World War II when he worked with the
Army Air Corps training pilots. He went on to develop a
series of studies and works that simplified and explained
what he and others believed to be "good instruction."
Gagné was also involved in applying concepts of
instructional theory to the design of computer-based
training and multimedia-based learning.

26. These are the (9) instructional material in the subject
facilitating learning:
1. Gain attention
2. Inform learner of objectives
3. Stimulate recall of prior learning
4. Present stimulus material
5. Provide learner guidance
7.) Provide feedback
8.) Assess performance
9.) Enhance retention transfer

27. Connect Gagne’s nine instructional events to the
PPPF Acronym in this lesson in relation to use of
instructional materials. Are Smith and Gagne saying
similar things?.
“You should have a good idea of your destination, both in
the over-all purposes of education and in the everyday work
of your teaching. If you do not know where you are going,
you cannot properly choose a way to get there.”….unknown.

28. There is no such thing as the best
instructional material!
Any instructional material can be the best provided it
helps the teacher accomplish her intended learning objective.
No instructional material, no matter how superior, can
take the place of an effective teacher.
Instructional materials maybe perceived to be labor-
saying devices for the teacher. On the contrary, the teacher
even works harder when she makes good use of instructional
materials.

29. The use of instructional materials is not the end in
itself, but it is a means to an end, which is the
attainment of the learning objective. Selecting
appropriate instructional materials is one thing and it is
another thing to ensure or sure its effective use. And
there is a need to follow up to find out if the objective
was attained or not, otherwise they become useless.

30. The use of instructional materials can be of great help
to the teacher to become effective in facilitating
learning. As a teacher, you should adopt the
guidelines provided by the experts in the selection of
instructional materials and in their use. Likewise you
should try to avoid the R.O.G. Syndrome (running out
of gas) especially if the materials to be used are
mechanical ones, hence it is a wise move to try out the
materials ahead of the class schedule to avoid
unwanted situations. If careful planning is employed,
the use of instructional materials can be an effective
partner in attaining the teacher’s mission.

31. God Bless us all…!
PEC BATCH 24…rench