Education was essential for African Americans to define their own culture after emancipation from slavery according to Foner's thesis. Education united former slaves and free black men while also establishing courageous community leaders to aid the progress towards total equal rights. Taking initiative to acquire wisdom through education with the aid of organizations and community despite opposition was central to achieving freedom and unity between North and South. The rapid educational progress of African Americans in the years after the Civil War represented "a century in a year."