The document discusses the evolution of educational administration from a practical discipline focused on operating schools to an academic field. It explores paradigms in educational administration and compares concepts from manufacturing and education. Key individuals in the development of educational administration are referenced such as Frederick Taylor and his scientific management principles. The interactive and contextual nature of leadership is examined along with different perspectives on the concept of truth over time.

1. Presentation prepared by:
Ms. Roxanne Jane M Ballecer

2. 1.1 Context and Culture
1.2 Interactive Nature and Context of
Leadership
1.3 Time and Nature of Truth
1.4 Paradigms in Educational
Administration

3. “teachers open the door.
You enter by yourself”
–Chinese Proverb

6. -discusses the dynamic roles of leadership,
management, and administration as they
relate to educational organizations
(NCPAE)

7.  Educational administration evolved out of a need to
operate schools under a set of practical and applied
administrative skills.
 The bureaucratization of educational organizations
during the 19th and 20th centuries required
specialized professional knowledge in order to
become and to succeed as an educational leader.
 The academic, scientific, and theory basis for
educational administration provided educational
leaders with advanced tools, conceptual
frameworks, and contemporary and theoretical
knowledge required to lead educational
organizations.

8. curriculum developers,
school principals
district superintendents
Workers in state and federal education
agencies
teachers

9.
 They can make a difference between teachers feeling good and
bad about themselves
 They can create a climate in schools that is productive and fun.
Can work on improving school climate if this is main target
 They can help teachers grow and retain their professional
resiliency.
 They can influence whole schools and hundreds of children (e.g.
if one teacher can make a difference with thirty or fifty kids, a
school administrator can have a positive effect on more kids.)
 They can move and improve school systems and an opportunity
to change whole schools or “shaping up” a school and providing
a more work-oriented environment
 Improving school’s performance in terms of scores and
statewide competency battery
 Increase in salary, prestige and other perks (benefits) that goes
with it.

10. is not only to learn the theories,
movements traditions, and skills of the
discipline, but to be exposed to the
dominant paradigm and have it raised to
the level of cognitive awareness
required to fully appreciate its
contribution, strengths, and
weaknesses, as one goes about
practicing educational administration in
schools and colleges.

11. Context (language)
-the text in which a word or passage
appears and which affects its meaning;
also the words and social setting which
surrounds a spoken word or passage.

12. 1.2 Interactive Nature and
Context of Leadership

13. (1839-1876)
Flamboyant in life,
George Armstrong
Custer has
remained one of
the best-known
figures in American
history and popular
mythology long
after his death at
the hands of Lakota
and Cheyenne
warriors at the
Battle of the Little
Bighorn.

14. (1807- 1870)
was a career
military officer who
is best known for
having
commanded the
Confederate Army
of Northern
Virginia in the
American Civil
War.

15. (1897 - 1937)
was a noted American
aviation pioneer and
author. Earhart was the
first woman to receive
the U.S. Distinguished
Flying Cross, awarded
for becoming the
first aviatrix to fly solo
across the Atlantic
Ocean. She set many
other records, wrote
best-selling books
about her flying
experiences and was
instrumental in the
formation of The
Ninety-Nines

16. (xxxx - xxxx)
“He was the most
profound and
complete expression
of American Genius”
(Williams, 1982, p.
35). On educational
administration he
wrote that the
superintendent,
principal or
supervisor can only
perform his or her
work with a clear
conception of the
place of school on
society.

17. (1898 - 1976)
Was an American singer
and actor who was a
political activist for
the Civil Rights
Movement, His advocacy
of anti-imperialism,
affiliation
with Communism, and
criticism of
the US brought
retribution from the
government and public
condemnation. He
was blacklisted, and to
his financial and social
detriment, he refused to
rescind his stand on his
beliefs and remained
opposed to the direction
of US policies.

18. Truth has a variety of meanings, primarily being in accord
with fact or reality, fidelity to an original or to a standard or
ideal and, in common usage, constancy or sincerity in
action or character. The opposite of truth is falsehood,
which, correspondingly, can also take on a logical, factual,
or ethical meaning. The concept of truth is discussed and
debated in several contexts, including philosophy and
religion. Many human activities depend upon the concept,
which is assumed rather than a subject of discussion,
including science, law, and everyday life.
Truth – is an objective “thing” and as such needs nothing else
except facts to support it. The truth requires no
embellishment. Since it is immortal it needs no human law
or government to cradle or sponsor it. (Dudley Field
Malone)

20. Paradigm
- is a Greek word that means as example or pattern. But used by American
scientist- historians, Thomas Kuhn, it meant a group of scientist who are
bound by the traditions of the solution of central scientific problem. Thus
paradigm is a shared pre understanding necessary to be part of the field.

21.  They have better school houses
 The school furniture is superior
 Textbooks used are better
 Schools are free
 Teachers are more tact
 More is done in schools to form
character

22. 1.they are more carefully inspected
2. their course of study is better
3. their terms are longer
4. their teachers have made more special
preparation for their work
5.more attention is paid to moral and
religious instruction

23. -”father of scientific management”
He wrote “principles of scientific
management”

24. - Is an application of the tenets of
positivism in a specific content.

25. Manufacturing concept/term educational concept/ term
Job shop Self-contained classroom
Dedicated production line Mainstreaming
Physical process merger Pullouts
Mixed model assembly line Remediation
Automated production line Supervision/testing
rework Repeat grades
inspection Class size
Zero reject Mastery learning
Customer returns
Lot size
Quality control

27. This is a hybrid blend of two or more
paradigms.
This is a process concerned with “what
the organization wants to be and how
should it get there”
Is based on the premise that
organizations, like biological organisms
are competing with one another for
survival.

28. DEMOCRATIC
ADMINISTRATION
HUMAN RELATION

29.  Focused on their efforts on chaging the
style of leadership and its autocratic
overtones. They desire a “soft” and
even non-directive stance in regard to
leadership. This body of thought did not
however conflict with permutations of
positivism.

30. This was replaced by behaviorist
approach to study human in
organizations represented the apogee of
triumph of positivism.