This presentation should be useful in helping you gain underpinning knowledge on the types of glass available, how glass is made and a look at the different methods of cutting glass.
Glass is a non-crystalline, often transparent amorphous solid, that has widespread practical, technological, and decorative use in, for example, window panes, tableware, and optics.Glass is most often formed by rapid cooling of the molten form, some glasses such as volcanic glass are naturally occurring.The most familiar, and historically the oldest, types of manufactured glass are "silicate ..
different types of glass windows
types of glass for doors
different kind of glass
types of glassware
types of glass finishes
list of types of glass
types of glass shower doors
types of glass vases
toughened glass/tempered glass sheet introduction、properties.
Steps involved in manufacturing of toughened glass;
Specifications & sizes of toughened glass;
toughened glass Uses and Advantages;
Matters needing attention;
Other type of glass;
Toughened glass is a type of glass with greater structural integrity than annealed glass. Toughened glass, often called tempered glass, has a different manufacturing process from traditional glass. To create annealed glass, silica is fired up and melted to get a clear, crystalline structure. When it breaks, it breaks into long, sharp shards.
Glass is a non-crystalline, often transparent amorphous solid, that has widespread practical, technological, and decorative use in, for example, window panes, tableware, and optics.Glass is most often formed by rapid cooling of the molten form, some glasses such as volcanic glass are naturally occurring.The most familiar, and historically the oldest, types of manufactured glass are "silicate ..
different types of glass windows
types of glass for doors
different kind of glass
types of glassware
types of glass finishes
list of types of glass
types of glass shower doors
types of glass vases
toughened glass/tempered glass sheet introduction、properties.
Steps involved in manufacturing of toughened glass;
Specifications & sizes of toughened glass;
toughened glass Uses and Advantages;
Matters needing attention;
Other type of glass;
Toughened glass is a type of glass with greater structural integrity than annealed glass. Toughened glass, often called tempered glass, has a different manufacturing process from traditional glass. To create annealed glass, silica is fired up and melted to get a clear, crystalline structure. When it breaks, it breaks into long, sharp shards.
This ppt is made for the f****ng teachers who give there students these foolish work and waste there time....hope..next time the'll nt give these type of HOLIDAY.H.W..
The best option for energy efficient buildings is reflective glass. It has several advantages like it is eco-friendly in nature, it controls the amount of heat and many more.
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This ppt is made for the f****ng teachers who give there students these foolish work and waste there time....hope..next time the'll nt give these type of HOLIDAY.H.W..
The best option for energy efficient buildings is reflective glass. It has several advantages like it is eco-friendly in nature, it controls the amount of heat and many more.
http://iwoodworking.tk/3vefll Pvc Pipe Furniture Plans Free
search incomes:
Narrow Writing Desk With Drawers
Shooting Bench Plans With Seat
How Far Above Pool Table Should Light Be
3D Floor Plan Design Services
Things To Build And Sell
Multi Generational Homes Floor Plans
Crib And Rocking Chair Combo
White Wooden Baby Changing Unit
Small Round Breakfast Nook Table
Help Me Design My Office
Cool Bunk Beds For Teenagers
Birdhouse Measurements Build It Yourself
Country Cottage Style Bedroom Furniture
Best Wood For Small Projects
Easy Wood Crafts To Make
Front View House Plans Photos
Long Console Table Behind Couch
Modern Townhouse Designs And Floor Plans
Most Important Power Tools For Woodworking
Custom Made Brands For Wood
http://iwoodworking.tk/r8vwo9 Wheelchair Ramps For Inside The House
search incomes:
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Log Cabin Style Bedroom Furniture
Triple Bunk Bed For Sale
Custom Loft Beds For Kids
Shed Dormers On Cape Cod Houses
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Concrete Foundation For Garden Shed
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Good Arts And Crafts Ideas
Ideas For Science Exhibition For Class 5
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Pictures Of Decks And Patios
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THE PRESENTATION WAS MADE UNDER TOPIC GLASS AND ITS TYPE ITS MANUFACTURING PROCESSES AND ITS MARKET SURVEY . WE TRIED TO COVERED ALL THE TYPES WITH THEIR DETAILED INFORMATION .
HOPE U LIKE IT !!!!
Quick Guide to Solve Minor Housekeeping ConcernsDeborah Davis
Some people rely on professional cleaners and handymen to keep their houses in check. To save on dollars however, it is essential to learn some basic cleaning and repair work yourself before calling experts to do the job for you. Check out this document from Oldfields.com.au and learn how to solve minor home maintenance concerns.
RIZHAO HUAYE GLASS CO.,LTD---COMPANY PROFILELily Pan
Rizhao Huaye Glass Co.,Ltd is a professional processed glass industry,including the insulated glass,laminated glass,tempered glass and silk screen glass,if any needs.pls contact with me,my email: lily@huayeglass.com,whatsapp:+8618866338956
structural glazing is term used to describe glass that is integral to the design of a building. It involves large glass panels, which usually bear some weight in the structure.
3. Float Glass
Float Glass, often referred to as ‘standard ‘ or ‘annealed ‘glass, is made
by flowing molten glass, then allowing it to solidify, over a bed of molten
tin.
The glass is then heat treated, or annealed, to increase its strength and
stability.
Float glass is available in a range of finishes including clear, tinted,
reflective, patterned or opaque forms.
6. Mirror
Mirror is
manufactured by
coating float glass
with silver and
protective backing
coats. These coats
protect the silver
from abrasions and
damage.
Separate sheets
with butchers paper
to protect surfaces
7. Laminated Glass
Laminated glass is
essentially two pieces of
float glass bonded together
with a vinyl film in between.
This film, otherwise known
as a polymeric interlayer,
provides added strength. It
also increases thermal and
acoustic insulation, and
prevents glass penetration
by holding all fragments
together when breakage
occurs.
http://www.rylock.com/images/anim_laminglass.gif
8. There are two types of laminated glass:
PVB and Resin laminated glass
PVB laminated glass is two or more sheets of glass
which are bonded together with one or more layers
(PVB) under heat and pressure to form a single piece
Resin laminated glass is manufactured by pouring
liquid resin into the cavity between two sheets of glass
which are held together until the resin cures.
9. Benefits of Laminated Glass
Safety
Security
Sound Reduction
Solar Energy Control
UV Control
Protection from Weather and Natural
Disasters
Durability
Low Visual distortion
10. Décor Patterned glass
This is float glass which has a
pattern embossed into the glass
during manufacture. This is
done by passing the semi
molten glass through a set of
rollers prior to annealing.
One side remains smooth and
one is textured.
‘Obscure’ glass and ‘slumped’
glass are all types of patterned
glass
11. Insulating glass units
Also known as ‘double-glazed units’
where two or more panels of glass are
bonded to a metal or thermoplastic
spacer (TPS).
Air or argon gas is used in the space
between the glass panes.
Their primary benefit is insulation
(Acoustic and Thermal) and solar
control.
Most types of glass can be incorporated
into an insulating glass unit.
12. 1. Glass
2. Air pocket
3. Metal spacer section
4. Rubber seal
5. Desiccant
6. Silicone Sealant
13. Toughened glass
Toughened or Tempered
glass, is float or patterned
glass which has been
heated to a high
temperature and then
rapidly cooled using air
jets.
This creates a glass in
which the centre is in
tension, while the surface
is in compression.
14. Benefits of Toughened Glass
Strength
Safety (shatters into small bits or ‘cuboids’)
Disadvantage
Cannot be cut, drilled or polished once toughened.
15. Toughened Laminated Glass
This is the optimum in safety glass.
Each piece of glass is toughened to
provide superior structural strength
when compared to annealed glass.
These pieces are then bonded
together using either PVB or Resin
as the interlayer medium, to ensure
that if the glass breaks, the small
pieces are held together by the
interlayer.
16. Energy Efficiency in Glass
As homes are heavy users of energy, the Building Code
of Australia (BCA) now stipulates energy efficiency
regulations for all residential buildings so that new
homes will need less artificial heating and cooling.
The type of Glass used can have a major difference in
the amount of energy used in a home.
The window energy rating scheme or WERS provides a
way of rating certain windows and glass units on a
five star scale.
Heat gain and heat loss in glass are just some of the
considerations used in the rating.
To find out more, go to: http://www.wers.net/
19. Cutting Glass
Glass is a material that requires a particular method
of cutting, and if not followed correctly can result in
damage or injury.
Glass can be cut by:
Hand - using tools which have specially ground
cutting wheels attached to a handle (other types
use a small industrial diamond).
CNC machine - Computer controlled, using
similar cutting tools to that used by hand
Water Jet – A mix of water and grit (sand) in a fine,
high pressure jet, blasting through the glass.
20. Before cutting any glass:
Check the sizes of the glass to be cut
Determine if any off-cuts can be used up first
Determine the best method of cutting / breaking
Clean off benches and cover with protection
Select appropriate P.P.E.
21. Glass cutters
Good quality glass cutters have hollow handles that contain lubricant
(usually oil) for the wheel which is released when pressure is applied.
22. To cut Glass by hand:
To cut glass, lay the glass on a clean, firm and flat surface that is
covered for protection (felt, blanket or carpet is satisfactory).
Mark the cut size or shape on the face of the glass with a fine
point felt marker or white pencil.
For best results use a well lubricated cutter to cut the glass. A
single score must be made on the surface with out any misses or
jumps. If the cut misses or jumps the score line can be joined
although there is no guarantee the glass will break successfully
along break line, it may run off.
Once a cut line has been scored on the surface do not run the
cutting wheel over the same line as this can fracture the glass or
damage the cutting edge on the tool.
Start the scoring at the edge of the glass and apply a firm even
pressure and draw the cutter across the face in a single stroke
until it runs off the opposite edge. You should be able to hear the
tool scoring the line.
23. To score the glass, hold the glass cutter between the
first and second finger, gripping the lower end firmly with
your thumb and fingers.
‘Thomas’ Grip cutter
Pistol Grip cutter
25. To make square or straight cuts hold a ‘T’ square or straight edge along
the set out to help guide the cutter, making allowances for the setback in
the tool, i.e. the distance from the cutter to the edge of the tool.
Apply a firm downward pressure on the guide and place the cutter
against the edge. Start the scoring at the furthest edge of the glass and
draw the cutter back toward you with a smooth even pressure.
26. Methods of ‘breaking’ glass
Smaller sections of the glass can be snapped by hand.
With your thumbs over the top and fingers underneath, snap the
glass with an upward pressure. Larger sheets can be snapped in
the same manner, by starting at the edge of the sheet and lifting
the sheet slightly, the cut will run along the score line.
27. Another way to break glass is to gently tap the glass directly
below the score line with a sharp object (the back edge of the
glass cutter is ideal) until a fracture starts. Care must be
taken to tap the glass directly below the score, this method
works best if there are no gaps in the score line.
28. Running Pliers can also be used.
They work by placing the pliers over the edge of the
glass with its marker in line with the score and applying
pressure on the handles. This creates a fracture and will
open up or “run” along the line.
29. Larger sheets can be broken by
snapping the sheet on the
cutting table.
- Place the scored glass near to
and parallel with the table's
edge but not overhanging. The
overhanging section of the
sheet must be supported.
- Place both hands evenly on
the edge of the sheet and apply
an even downward pressure,
the glass will snap along the
line.
- When cutting thicker glass
more pressure will be required.
- Lift the sheet slightly and
suddenly, but smoothly snap the
sheet down on the table, this
will cause the sheet to snap.
30. Apply an even, downward pressure, and the glass will snap along the line.
31. You can also break glass by placing a straight edge directly in line with
the score line beneath the glass and applying a gentle firm downward
pressure on either side. The glass will snap along the line.
32. Narrow slivers can be removed with special glass pliers with relieved jaws, by
levering down and pulling away from the score line. Smaller sections and the
jagged edges can be trimmed back to the score line with glass pliers or by
nibbling away the waste with the notches on the back of the glass cutter.
33. Caution:
Always be careful around
glass, especially when
‘breaking’ the cut, or
injuries will occur!
Always wear eye protection
as glass chips sometimes
break off, and cause major
damage to your sight!
35. Speed cutters provide a fast and effective way of cutting glass parallel to
one edge.
The base plate houses a number of grooved rollers at an angle, allowing
them to sit on the edge of the glass and move freely along the edge.
The arm is fixed to the base plate at 90° and consists of an adjustable
cutter block and a fixed tape measure.
36. The cutter can be adjusted to the desired measurement along the arm.
37. Ensure that the wheels of the speed cutter are
properly located on the edge of the glass as
shown
38. When using a speed cutter maintain one
hand on the base plate to retain its position
on the edge of the glass.
The other hand holds the cutter arm and
applies a slight pressure as the speed
cutter is moved along the face of the glass
creating a score line.
39. Glass cutting machinery
Off-site specially designed machines may be used to cut particular
shapes or designs from glass of varying thickness and types.
CNC machines guide laser, plasma or water jet cutting heads that
can cut and shape glass to the finest detail and intricate shapes.
42. Important points to remember when
handling and cutting glass
Always wear safety glasses
Wear gauntlets and gloves
Never leave glass hanging over a bench
Before moving around with glass, make
others aware of your intentions
Keep oil cutters oiled! – ….duhh….
Don’t go back over scored lines
Always cut glass on a clean bench
Check glass for scratches before cutting
Editor's Notes
This presentation will cover basic knowledge in regard to using aluminium, glass and sealants in the shopfitting and joinery industry.It addresses key competencies in the Units: CPCCSH2002A: Use Aluminium Sections for Fabrication CPCCSH2003A: Apply and Install Sealant and Sealant Devices LMFGG1001A: Complete a basic glass and glazing project (It may be beneficial to discuss performance criteria and critical aspects to evidence while going through ‘Student Assessment guides’ with all students before moving on with the presentation, or later, depending on the situation).
Refer to the Viridian DVD ‘Modern float glass line’, and watch prior, during or after the presentation
Tinted glass is produced by adding colorant during a clear float production run. Aesthetics, Reduction in Heat entry and glareApart from complimenting modern architectural trends (aesthetics), tinted float glass has its main application to reduce unwanted heat entry and reduce glare which in turn increases comfort levels from the point of view of the occupants and reduces cooling costs.Tinted float also improves privacy during the daytime and reduces fading and sun damage to carpets and soft furnishings.Surface Orientation The manufacturing process associated with float glass results in an 'air' and 'tin' side to glass, this creates a reflective difference which is not noticeable in clear glass. Tinted glass may be more visible. Glazed panels that are installed without regard to surface orientation may result in a 'checkerboard' appearance. This is particularly noticeable with banks of louvres and curtain wall. It is recommended that glass be installed with the 'air surface' to the exterior. Tin side can be identified with a short wave ultraviolet light source.
Like tinted glass, reflective glass reduces solar gain. From outside, it appears to be a mirror, obscuring the view in. But be aware, at night time, it gives the opposite effect when you have the light on inside.
Mirror is manufactured by coating high quality float glass with silver and protective backing coats. These coats protect the silver from abrasions and damage. protective coats can be plastic film, baked enamel paint, and vinyl backing for safety.
PVB stands for Polyvinyl Butyral, and is the most common form of film for laminated safety glass
Benefits of laminated glass (excerpt from Dupont USA literature)Safety Ordinary window glass is brittle, breaking into long sharp pieces which can cause serious and sometimes fatal injuries. The principal feature of laminated safety glass is its performance under impact. DuPont interlayers absorb the energy of the impact, resisting penetration. Although the glass may break, the glass fragments remain firmly bonded to the interlayer, minimizing the risk of injuries. Little wonder that laminated glass is mandatory for automotive windshields in almost every industrialized country in the world and increasingly specified or required in architectural glazing. In glass skylights, sunspaces, sloped glazing installations and curtainwalls, there is always the possibility of glass breakage. Without laminated glass, that could mean a big safety problem caused by falling glass. Unlike all types of monolithic glass, laminated glass remains intact when broken, protecting people from injury. This is why many building codes worldwide require laminated glass for overhead glazing. Security Burglars often break windows to get to door and window handles, and laminated glass can resist their intrusion. Even if it is accidentally broken, the interlayer continues to safeguard the building until the glass is replaced. Reglazing can be done when convenient, rather than during expensive after-hours. Laminated glass can be designed to withstand bullets and bomb blasts by using multiple or thick layers of glass and interlayer. In prisons, laminated security glass can replace traditional bars to create a more humane environment. The rise in urban crime and terrorism has created a need for glazing materials that enable people to carry on normally and be protected from harm. Laminated glass made up of several glass sheets and interlayers can provide protection in medium to high security applications. For extra security, including armoring of vehicles, DuPont offers SentryGlas® Plus interlayers with 100 times the stiffness and 5 times the toughness of traditional interlayers. Sound reduction Noise, just like a burglar, gains easiest entry to homes and buildings through windows. Laminated glass has proven to be an excellent barrier to noise, having a higher sound reduction index than monolithic glass of equal thickness between the frequencies of 125Hz and 4,000Hz. This sound dampening is due to the "viscoelastic" properties of the interlayer material. The coincidence effect experienced with monolithic glass at certain frequencies is also considerably reduced with laminated glass, and the noise reduction performance of IG units can be greatly improved by incorporating at least one layer of laminated glass. Tailored for noise control applications, DuPont™ SentryGlas® Acoustic™ sound reduction interlayers are available. Solar energy control While natural light plays an important role in architectural design, too much sunlight can also mean too much heat. Tinted laminated glass can reduce heat gain from sunlight to lower air conditioning costs, and it can also control glare. Laminated glass also can be used to combine reflective coated glass or low-E glass with heat-absorbing glass tints. In warm climates, these combine the penetration resistance and sound reducing qualities of laminated glass with good shading and energy management. In laminated glass containing coated glass, the metallic coating faces toward the inside of the laminate, where it is protected from harmful dirt or contact. UV control The major cause of deterioration and fading of furnishings and pictures is the chemical reaction caused by short-wavelength UV radiation. UV-absorbing additives in the interlayer in laminated glass can screen out almost all these damaging rays. Protection from weather and natural disasters If broken, laminated glass remains in its frame, preventing interior damage, while reduced flying glass protects people both indoors and outdoors. In developed areas subject to heavy winds and rains such as hurricanes or cyclones, buildings often need extra protection. Flying debris carried by these winds can shatter the glass of windows and doors, injuring people and opening buildings to often devastating further damage. Laminated glass constructions can be properly designed to remain intact under impact and keep the envelope of the home or building sealed. Glass fallout in earthquakes exposes people to dangerous broken shards. Again, laminated glass has been shown to keep the glass intact and in its frame. DurabilityLaminated glass is durable, maintaining its color and strength, and is as easily cleaned as ordinary glass. Installation easeLaminated glass is simple to install. Standard-sized, two-ply glass panels can be cut to size on-site, and can also be drilled or notched. Low visual distortion Laminated building glass is usually glazed in an annealed form, avoiding the distortion caused by "roller waves" in tempered and heat-strengthened glass. Sharp reflected images are possible with curtain walls constructed of laminated annealed glass.
Benefits of Toughened GlassStrengthToughened glass has much greater strength than annealed glass. (typically 4 – 6 times stronger)SafetyIt is also safer, because when toughened glass shatters, it breaks into small pieces rather than splinters or shards, as does annealed glass. DisadvantagesBecause toughened glass cannot be cut, drilled, polished or bevelled, these processes must be completed on the annealed float glass before it is subject to the toughening process.
Encourage students to have a look at the WERS site, even go there on the screen if you like before moving on to the next slide.
Q: Obviously insulated glass units (double glazing) provide a high resistance to heat gain/loss, but why would everyone not use these units?A: Cost!!!Reflective float glass on its own is a slightly cheaper alternative, but IGU’s are still the most cost effective way of reducing energy bills etc. (less solar gain / thermal loss = less bills!!)
Unlike MDF, Whiteboard, Timber, even aluminium, Glass cannot be cut with a wide range of tools.Abrasives are used for grinding and polishing edges, cutting finger pulls etc. To cut to size, we must use the score and break method, wether it be with machine or by hand, still same principal except when talking of Water Jet method.
Q: Anything else to check? - defects/ scratches? - check colour matches between sheets (some vary slightly, so use all off 1 sheet if possible) - enough in-stock? - confirm type and thickness of glass to be used - Cutters in good working order? (oil?) - where will the glass be stored after it is cut? - Q: For those who have cut glass before, What has gone wrong when you have cut glass? And could it have been avoided with proper planning and preparation?
It would be a good idea to hand out some glass cutters to students to have a look at, preferably a couple of different types.Generally I feel there are dry cutters or oil- feed cutters. (if using a dry cutter, dip it in oil or lubricant)I feel that oil is needed to lubricate the wheel of any glass cutter. It keeps the wheel of your glass cutter turning smoothly, and free of tiny glass chips that can lodge between the wheel and the shaft. It is also needed to keep the score clean and cool. It helps to prevent minute chips of glass from flying about. The final reason I use oil is because it preserves the life of the wheel. Did you ever listen to a dry cutter going over glass? It sounds like you're dragging it over sand paper. In my opinion, that shortens the life of the wheel.To fill your glass cutter with oil, unscrew the brass cap on the end of the cutter and remove it. Fill the barrel with oil to about 1/3 to 2/3 full. Replace the brass cap. To regulate the flow of oil, open the brass cap about 1/2 to 1 full turn. Totally unscrewed will make the oil run fairly fast (not a good thing), and full closed will give you very little or no oil at all. Experiment with your cutter. They all seem to flow a bit differently. When your cutter is not in use, tighten the cap so that oil doesn't leak out.
Without abrasive (fine grit sand), a water jet is relatively harmless (although with enough pressure it may crack or break the glass). It is only until the abrasive is added into the mix that cutting is possible.
Glass edgers provide a very quick and consistent way of polishing, arising, and bevelling the edge of the glass.Water or lubricant is very important to assist the diamond grinding wheels while cutting.Some edgers may be single wheel or multiple wheel. In multiple wheel models, the glass passes through the wheels from coarse to fine.