This document provides guidance for analyzing editing techniques in television clips. It lists several elements of editing that should be analyzed, including order of shots, transitions, shot duration, and continuity. Specific editing techniques are defined, such as establishing shots, match cuts, and parallel editing. Students are instructed to analyze clips from The Devil's Whore and Hollyoaks based on these elements in order to understand how editing constructs meaning and representations. The goal is for students to be able to discuss how technical editing aspects create narrative and convey information.

1. AS Media StudiesUnit G322aEditing

2. Lesson ObjectivesBy the end of the session you should be able to:List at 4 elements that we look for when analysing editing .Identify the edits used in a TV drama clip and discuss the effect they have.Some of you will be able to relate the use of editing in a TV drama clip to the representations that are constructed.

3. What are we looking for when analysing editing in a clip?Task 1:Write down as many elements, that come under editing, as you can think of (2 mins)

4. What are we looking for when analysing editing in a clip?Order of shots JuxtapositionContinuity?Transitions Shot durationPace and rhythmSpecial effectsYou need to be able to discuss how these technical elements help create meaning.

5. Hitchcock Loves Bikinishttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hCAE0t6KwJY&feature=PlayList&p=DC6A8F00C8251D25&index=3

6. ContinuityContinuity editingCutting shots to tell a story with narrative continuity, helping the viewer make sense of the action by implying spatial relationships and ensuring smooth flow from shot to shot. Continuity techniques:Establishing shot (establishes the space in which action is to happen)The 180º rule (ensures that the same space is described in each shot)Shot/reverse shotEyeline match (e.g. character looks off-screen, next shot shows us what they see)Match on action (character begins to move in one shot, we see continuation of the same movement in the next shot)Realism - edit is invisible so action appears real rather than constructed.

7. Non-ContinuityMontage – giving information in compressed form – can come under…Non-continuity editing – Continuity is broken and construction is more apparent. Meaning often created through juxtaposition and metaphor shot inserts.

8. TransitionsThe process of cutting from one shot to another usually involves a simple straight cut. However there are other means of transition available to a film editorFade to blackDissolve/cross fadeWipe

9. Fade – the preceding shot fades into black from which the following shot emerges.

10. Fade – the preceding shot fades into black from which the following shot emerges.

11. Fade – the preceding shot fades into black from which the following shot emerges.

12. Dissolve or cross fade – the preceding shot merges into the following shot, resulting in the two shots being superimposed. The longer the dissolve the more noticeable the superimposition becomes.

13. Dissolve or cross fade – the preceding shot merges into the following shot, resulting in the two shots being superimposed. The longer the dissolve the more noticeable the superimposition becomes.

14. Dissolve or cross fade – the preceding shot merges into the following shot, resulting in the two shots being superimposed. The longer the dissolve the more noticeable the superimposition becomes.

15. Shot duration/paceThe duration of a shot will usually reflect the narrative context. Generally speaking short shot duration conveys action and urgency (say in a chase sequence). Click here for a chase sequence from Die Another Day. See if you can count the number of shots!Whilst long duration conveys intensity and intimacy within the narrative, it allows us to focus upon facial expression and other aspects of mise en scene which would otherwise be missed.

16. Some editing devicesParallel editing - crosscutting between different locations can convey the impression that two or more events are occurring simultaneously. split screen – where the frame is split into sections so that we can see different events occurring at the same time. This technique was used on the TV series 24.

17. Editing controls what we see and whenWhen analysing a clip also consider how editing techniques are used to control:What information is revealed to or hidden fromthe charactersthe audience

18. Task 2Analyse the editing in the following clips:Opening of The Devil’s WhoreOpening of Hollyoaks(Use your notes to work through each element)Be ready to feedback to the rest of the class

19. Task 2Find someone to work with who has the same colour name card as you (somebody with a white card needs to volunteer to work by themselves or as a three).Log on to a mac (using media & password) and then log on to estream.If you have a white name card, search for ‘Devil’s Whore’ and choose the opening scene in chapters.If you have a green name card, search for representation in TV Drama and select the clip ‘sexuality in Hollyoaks’ from the playlist.You have 15 minutes.