Ecuador and Peru are located in South America. Ecuador is bordered by Colombia to the north and Peru to the east and south, with the Pacific Ocean to the west. The Equator runs through Ecuador. Peru is located west of Brazil and Bolivia, south of Ecuador and Colombia, and north of Chile, with the Pacific Ocean to its west. Both countries have diverse landscapes that include coastlines, mountains, and rainforests. They rely on agriculture as their economic base and have populations composed of indigenous groups and those of mixed descent.

1. Ecuador and Peru

2. ECUADOR: Location

3. ECUADOR: Location
“Ecuador” is the Spanish word for (1) EQUATOR, which
runs through the country.

4. ECUADOR: Location
“Ecuador” is the Spanish word for (1) EQUATOR, which
runs through the country.
West of Ecuador is the Pacific Ocean and the (2)
GALAPAGOS ISLANDS.

5. ECUADOR: Location
“Ecuador” is the Spanish word for (1) EQUATOR, which
runs through the country.
West of Ecuador is the Pacific Ocean and the (2)
GALAPAGOS ISLANDS.
(3) COLOMBIA is to the north and (4) PERU is to the
east and south.

7. Land and Climate

8. Land and Climate
(5) SWAMPS and FERTILE PLAINS stretch along the
coast.

9. Land and Climate
(5) SWAMPS and FERTILE PLAINS stretch along the
coast.
The (6) ANDES MOUNTAINS run through the center of
the country. (HOW WERE THE ANDES FORMED?)

10. Land and Climate
(5) SWAMPS and FERTILE PLAINS stretch along the
coast.
The (6) ANDES MOUNTAINS run through the center of
the country. (HOW WERE THE ANDES FORMED?)
the South American (continental) plate
collided with the Nazca Plate (oceanic)

11. Land and Climate
(5) SWAMPS and FERTILE PLAINS stretch along the
coast.
The (6) ANDES MOUNTAINS run through the center of
the country. (HOW WERE THE ANDES FORMED?)

12. Land and Climate
(5) SWAMPS and FERTILE PLAINS stretch along the
coast.
The (6) ANDES MOUNTAINS run through the center of
the country. (HOW WERE THE ANDES FORMED?)
The (7) PERU CURRENT in the Pacific helps keep
temperatures mild.

13. Land and Climate
(5) SWAMPS and FERTILE PLAINS stretch along the
coast.
The (6) ANDES MOUNTAINS run through the center of
the country. (HOW WERE THE ANDES FORMED?)
The (7) PERU CURRENT in the Pacific helps keep
temperatures mild.
In the east are hot and humid (8) RAIN FORESTS.

14. Land and Climate
(5) SWAMPS and FERTILE PLAINS stretch along the
coast.
The (6) ANDES MOUNTAINS run through the center of
the country. (HOW WERE THE ANDES FORMED?)
The (7) PERU CURRENT in the Pacific helps keep
temperatures mild.
In the east are hot and humid (8) RAIN FORESTS.
The capital, (9) QUITO, lies more than 9,000 feet above
sea level.

15. Economy

16. Economy
(10) AGRICULTURE is the most important economic
activity.

17. Economy
(10) AGRICULTURE is the most important economic
activity.
Along the (11) COASTAL LOWLANDS bananas, cacao,
coffee, rice, and sugarcane are grown.

18. Economy
(10) AGRICULTURE is the most important economic
activity.
Along the (11) COASTAL LOWLANDS bananas, cacao,
coffee, rice, and sugarcane are grown.
In the (12) ANDEAN HIGHLANDS, farmers grow coffee,
beans, corn, potatoes, and wheat.

19. Economy
(10) AGRICULTURE is the most important economic
activity.
Along the (11) COASTAL LOWLANDS bananas, cacao,
coffee, rice, and sugarcane are grown.
In the (12) ANDEAN HIGHLANDS, farmers grow coffee,
beans, corn, potatoes, and wheat.
(13) PETROLEUM is also found in the lowlands in the
east.

20. People

21. People
(14) MESTIZOS and NATIVE AMERICANS each make up
about (15) 40% of the population.

22. People
(14) MESTIZOS and NATIVE AMERICANS each make up
about (15) 40% of the population.
(16) SPANISH is the official language, but many Native
Americans speak their traditional languages.

23. People
(14) MESTIZOS and NATIVE AMERICANS each make up
about (15) 40% of the population.
(16) SPANISH is the official language, but many Native
Americans speak their traditional languages.
There are about (17) 12.6 million people; about half of
the population lives along the coast.

24. People
(14) MESTIZOS and NATIVE AMERICANS each make up
about (15) 40% of the population.
(16) SPANISH is the official language, but many Native
Americans speak their traditional languages.
There are about (17) 12.6 million people; about half of
the population lives along the coast.
The largest city is the port of (18) GUAYAQUIL.

25. Did you know?

26. Did you know?
Ecuador’s mountains are home to (19) CLOUD FORESTS,
tropical mountain forests that are constantly covered in
clouds and mist.

27. Did you know?
Ecuador’s mountains are home to (19) CLOUD FORESTS,
tropical mountain forests that are constantly covered in
clouds and mist.
More than a million species of (20) INSECTS, 1,500
species of birds, and 4,500 species of (21) BUTTERFLIES
live in Ecuador.

28. Did you know?
Ecuador’s mountains are home to (19) CLOUD FORESTS,
tropical mountain forests that are constantly covered in
clouds and mist.
More than a million species of (20) INSECTS, 1,500
species of birds, and 4,500 species of (21) BUTTERFLIES
live in Ecuador.
The rain forest is home to the world’s loudest monkey
(the howler monkey) and smallest monkey (the pygmy
marmoset).

29. PERU: Location

30. PERU: Location
Peru is (22) WEST of Brazil
and Bolivia, (23) SOUTH of
Ecuador and Colombia, and
(24) NORTH of Chile.

31. PERU: Location
Peru is (22) WEST of Brazil
and Bolivia, (23) SOUTH of
Ecuador and Colombia, and
(24) NORTH of Chile.
To the west of Peru is the
(25) PACIFIC OCEAN.

32. Land and Climate

33. Land and Climate
In Peru, there are dry (26) DESERTS, snowcapped
mountains (the (27) ANDES), and hot, humid (28) RAIN
FORESTS.

34. Land and Climate
In Peru, there are dry (26) DESERTS, snowcapped
mountains (the (27) ANDES), and hot, humid (28) RAIN
FORESTS.
On Peru’s border with Bolivia is (29) LAKE TITICACA, the
highest navigable lake in the world.

35. Land and Climate
In Peru, there are dry (26) DESERTS, snowcapped
mountains (the (27) ANDES), and hot, humid (28) RAIN
FORESTS.
On Peru’s border with Bolivia is (29) LAKE TITICACA, the
highest navigable lake in the world.

36. Land and Climate
In Peru, there are dry (26) DESERTS, snowcapped
mountains (the (27) ANDES), and hot, humid (28) RAIN
FORESTS.
On Peru’s border with Bolivia is (29) LAKE TITICACA, the
highest navigable lake in the world.

37. Land and Climate
In Peru, there are dry (26) DESERTS, snowcapped
mountains (the (27) ANDES), and hot, humid (28) RAIN
FORESTS.
On Peru’s border with Bolivia is (29) LAKE TITICACA, the
highest navigable lake in the world.
East of the Andes is the (30) AMAZON BASIN.

38. Land and Climate
In Peru, there are dry (26) DESERTS, snowcapped
mountains (the (27) ANDES), and hot, humid (28) RAIN
FORESTS.
On Peru’s border with Bolivia is (29) LAKE TITICACA, the
highest navigable lake in the world.
East of the Andes is the (30) AMAZON BASIN.
The (31) PERU CURRENT in the Pacific Ocean is a cool
water climate. It helps keep the temperature mild, even
though Peru is near the Equator.

39. Economy

40. Economy
Peru’s largest exports are (32) COPPER and FISH.

41. Economy
Peru’s largest exports are (32) COPPER and FISH.
One third of people work in (33) AGRICULTURE - they
grow sugarcane, cotton, and coffee for export.

42. Economy
Peru’s largest exports are (32) COPPER and FISH.
One third of people work in (33) AGRICULTURE - they
grow sugarcane, cotton, and coffee for export.
Most people work on (34) SUBSISTENCE FARMS.

43. Economy
Peru’s largest exports are (32) COPPER and FISH.
One third of people work in (33) AGRICULTURE - they
grow sugarcane, cotton, and coffee for export.
Most people work on (34) SUBSISTENCE FARMS.
Native Americans in Peru were the first people ever to
grow (35) POTATOES.

44. Economy
Peru’s largest exports are (32) COPPER and FISH.
One third of people work in (33) AGRICULTURE - they
grow sugarcane, cotton, and coffee for export.
Most people work on (34) SUBSISTENCE FARMS.
Native Americans in Peru were the first people ever to
grow (35) POTATOES.
Today, the main crop is still (36) POTATOES.

45. History

46. History
The (37) INCAN EMPIRE existed in what is now Peru. It
stretched more than 2,500 miles along the (38) ANDES
MOUNTAINS.

47. History
The (37) INCAN EMPIRE existed in what is now Peru. It
stretched more than 2,500 miles along the (38) ANDES
MOUNTAINS.
The Incans had courts, military posts, trade inspections,
work rules, and complex systems of record keeping.

48. History
The (37) INCAN EMPIRE existed in what is now Peru. It
stretched more than 2,500 miles along the (38) ANDES
MOUNTAINS.
The Incans had courts, military posts, trade inspections,
work rules, and complex systems of record keeping.
They built (39) IRRIGATION SYSTEMS, roads, and
suspension bridges to connect their empire to the capital
(40) CUZCO.

49. History
The (37) INCAN EMPIRE existed in what is now Peru. It
stretched more than 2,500 miles along the (38) ANDES
MOUNTAINS.
The Incans had courts, military posts, trade inspections,
work rules, and complex systems of record keeping.
They built (39) IRRIGATION SYSTEMS, roads, and
suspension bridges to connect their empire to the capital
(40) CUZCO.
Today, the Incan ruins can be seen in (41) MACHU
PICCHU.

50. History
The (37) INCAN EMPIRE existed in what is now Peru. It
stretched more than 2,500 miles along the (38) ANDES
MOUNTAINS.
The Incans had courts, military posts, trade inspections,
work rules, and complex systems of record keeping.
They built (39) IRRIGATION SYSTEMS, roads, and
suspension bridges to connect their empire to the capital
(40) CUZCO.
Today, the Incan ruins can be seen in (41) MACHU
PICCHU.
Spain conquered the Incans in the early (42) 1500’S.

51. History
The (37) INCAN EMPIRE existed in what is now Peru. It
stretched more than 2,500 miles along the (38) ANDES
MOUNTAINS.
The Incans had courts, military posts, trade inspections,
work rules, and complex systems of record keeping.
They built (39) IRRIGATION SYSTEMS, roads, and
suspension bridges to connect their empire to the capital
(40) CUZCO.
Today, the Incan ruins can be seen in (41) MACHU
PICCHU.
Spain conquered the Incans in the early (42) 1500’S.
Peru gained its independence in (43) 1820.

52. Government

53. Government
There is a new (44) CONSTITUTION that was adopted
in 1993.

54. Government
There is a new (44) CONSTITUTION that was adopted
in 1993.
There is an elected president and (45) TWO vice
presidents.

55. Government
There is a new (44) CONSTITUTION that was adopted
in 1993.
There is an elected president and (45) TWO vice
presidents.
All Peruvians over (46) 18 may vote, except for those
serving in the (47) MILITARY.

56. People

57. People
Peru’s (48) 27.1 million people live mostly along the
coast.

58. People
Peru’s (48) 27.1 million people live mostly along the
coast.
The capital, (49) LIMA, is the largest city with 7 million
people.

59. People
Peru’s (48) 27.1 million people live mostly along the
coast.
The capital, (49) LIMA, is the largest city with 7 million
people.
About half of the people are Native Americans. Many
live in the highlands or rain forests and follow a (50)
TRADITIONAL way of life.

60. People
Peru’s (48) 27.1 million people live mostly along the
coast.
The capital, (49) LIMA, is the largest city with 7 million
people.
About half of the people are Native Americans. Many
live in the highlands or rain forests and follow a (50)
TRADITIONAL way of life.
The national religion is (51) CATHOLICISM and the
official language is (52) SPANISH.

61. Did you know?

62. Did you know?
Peru has more than (53) 1,500 species of bird, more
than all birds in North America and Europe (54)
COMBINED.

63. Did you know?
Peru has more than (53) 1,500 species of bird, more
than all birds in North America and Europe (54)
COMBINED.
The (54) VICUNA, an animal related to the llama, has
wool so soft that in ancient times only nobles were
allowed to wear clothing made from it.

64. Did you know?
Peru has more than (53) 1,500 species of bird, more
than all birds in North America and Europe (54)
COMBINED.
The (54) VICUNA, an animal related to the llama, has
wool so soft that in ancient times only nobles were
allowed to wear clothing made from it.
The (55) ANDES MOUNTAINS are the second-tallest
mountains in the world.