This document analyzes the impact of labor union activities, specifically strikes by the Academic Staff Union of Nigerian Universities (ASUU) and Senior Staff Association of Nigerian Universities (SSANU), on educational stability in Nigerian universities from 1981 to 2009. It finds that strikes have frequently disrupted the educational system. Statistical analysis shows that the duration and impact of strikes differed significantly before and after 2000. The most pressing factors contributing to strikes were found to be conflicts between unions, poor government implementation of agreements, issues around university consultancy services and admissions policies. Recommendations include more frequent dialogue between all stakeholders and updating worker compensation to match inflation.
11.economic analysis of the impact of labour unionist activities on education...Alexander Decker
This document analyzes the impact of labor union strikes by ASUU and SSANU on educational stability in Nigerian universities from 1981 to 2009. It finds that strikes have frequently disrupted academics. There were significant differences found in the duration and impact of strikes pre- and post-2000. Regression analysis revealed that strikes significantly impacted educational stability and man hour loss. The most pressing strike factors identified were conflicts between unions, poor government agreement implementation, and issues with university funding and autonomy. Recommendations include more frequent government-union dialogue and reviewing working conditions in line with inflation.
GENDER A DETERMINANT OF EMPLOYEE ABSENTEEISM IN TRANSNZOIA COUNTYpaperpublications3
Abstract: Employee absenteeism is a persistent problem in many countries; it tends to reduce the quality of education and results in poor performance of students. Despite the extensive research on the subject of Gender as personal characteristic and absenteeism, little research has be done in schools in spite of its importance. The purpose of this study was todetermine the influence of Gender on employee absenteeism in Transnzoia County. The specific objectives of the study was: to determine the relationship between gender and employee absenteeism. Social exchange theorygrounded the study. A survey research design was used for this study. The institutions studied was selected using stratified random sampling technique. The two strata consideredwere public and private secondary schools with a sample size of 168. A linear regression model was constructedto establish the relationship between employee absenteeism and Gender from each institution that was sampled, the respondents was the employee of the schools that included both teaching and non-teaching. The Gender wasidentified as the independent variable, while absenteeism as the dependent variable Data was analyzed statistically using SPSS version 19. Both descriptive and inferential statistics was used to test the hypotheses. The study found thatgender had no significant effect on absenteeism, The results of the study form the basis for better management of institutions The finding of this study will help the managers of school in endorsing the validity of incorporating personal factors in interventions in recruitment, selection, training and staff development processes. The study suggests that future research can make use of longitudinal design to adequately examine the causal status of personal factors on absenteeism.
How does hotel employees’ satisfaction with the organization’s COVID-19 respo...Nghiên Cứu Định Lượng
Bài nghiên cứu của thành viên Trung tâm Nghiên cứu Định lượng tham gia trong dự án về Covid-19
This research examines the role of hotel employees’ satisfaction with their organization’s COVID-19 responses in reducing their perceived job insecurity (PJI) and maintaining their job performance (JP). We conducted two studies using an explanatory sequential mixed-methods design. The results indicated that employees’ satisfaction with organization COVID-19 responses (SOCV19R) positively influences JP and moderates (1) the positive association between perceived health risk associated with COVID-19 (PHRCV19) and PJI and (2) the negative link between PJI and JP. Unexpectedly, PHRCV19 was found to positively affect JP, and the moderating effect of SOCV19R on the relationship between PHRCV19 and JP was significant and positive. We also found that PJI has a mediating role in the PHRCV19–JP relationship. This study fills a significant gap in hospitality research by exploring the role of the organization’s crisis responses in tempering the impact of perceived health risk of a global health crisis on hotel employees. Theoretically, this research revealed that employees’ SOCV19R helps raise JP, mitigate the positive influence of PHRCV19 on PJI and the negative impact of PJI on JP, and strengthen the positive effect of PHRCV19 on JP.
Analysis of Rising Tutition Rates in The United States Based on Clustering An...csandit
Since higher education is one of the major driving
forces for country development and social
prosperity, and tuition plays a significant role in
determining whether or not a person can
afford to receive higher education, the rising tuit
ion is a topic of big concern today. So it is
essentially necessary to understand what factors af
fect the tuition and how they increase or
decrease the tuition. Many existing studies on the
rising tuition either lack large amounts of real
data and proper quantitative models to support thei
r conclusions, or are limited to focus on only
a few factors that might affect the tuition, which
fail to make a comprehensive analysis. In this
paper, we explore a wide variety of factors that mi
ght affect the tuition growth rate by use of
large amounts of authentic data and different quant
itative methods such as clustering analysis
and regression models.
The public sector efficiency in the education departmentAlexander Decker
1. The document analyzes the efficiency of public sector educational expenditures in Punjab and Sindh provinces of Pakistan using data envelopment analysis (DEA).
2. DEA was used to calculate efficiency scores and rankings for each district based on educational expenditures as inputs and total student enrollments as outputs.
3. Preliminary results found variation in efficiency scores across districts, with some districts performing better than others in converting educational funds into student enrollments.
Dynamics under Various Assumptions on Time and UncertaintySSA KPI
This document describes a 6th International Summer School being held in Kiev, Ukraine from August 8-20, 2011 on predicting dynamics under various assumptions about time and uncertainty. The summer school will cover topics including system dynamics, primary education modeling, HIV transmission modeling, genetic networks, stochastic models, and portfolio optimization. Speakers will come from universities in Turkey, Germany, the USA, Portugal, and Malaysia. The schedule includes lectures on introduction and motivation, various modeling approaches, numerical examples and results, and a conclusion.
This document summarizes higher education issues in South Korea. It outlines the rapid growth of the Korean economy and higher education system. It then discusses major issues like dominance of prestigious universities, lack of specialization, and disconnect between academia and industry. The government's efforts to reform include corporatizing national universities, quality assurance measures, funding programs to promote specialization, internationalization, and equity. Overall, the document provides an overview of the development, current status, challenges and reform efforts regarding higher education in Korea.
11.economic analysis of the impact of labour unionist activities on education...Alexander Decker
This document analyzes the impact of labor union strikes by ASUU and SSANU on educational stability in Nigerian universities from 1981 to 2009. It finds that strikes have frequently disrupted academics. There were significant differences found in the duration and impact of strikes pre- and post-2000. Regression analysis revealed that strikes significantly impacted educational stability and man hour loss. The most pressing strike factors identified were conflicts between unions, poor government agreement implementation, and issues with university funding and autonomy. Recommendations include more frequent government-union dialogue and reviewing working conditions in line with inflation.
GENDER A DETERMINANT OF EMPLOYEE ABSENTEEISM IN TRANSNZOIA COUNTYpaperpublications3
Abstract: Employee absenteeism is a persistent problem in many countries; it tends to reduce the quality of education and results in poor performance of students. Despite the extensive research on the subject of Gender as personal characteristic and absenteeism, little research has be done in schools in spite of its importance. The purpose of this study was todetermine the influence of Gender on employee absenteeism in Transnzoia County. The specific objectives of the study was: to determine the relationship between gender and employee absenteeism. Social exchange theorygrounded the study. A survey research design was used for this study. The institutions studied was selected using stratified random sampling technique. The two strata consideredwere public and private secondary schools with a sample size of 168. A linear regression model was constructedto establish the relationship between employee absenteeism and Gender from each institution that was sampled, the respondents was the employee of the schools that included both teaching and non-teaching. The Gender wasidentified as the independent variable, while absenteeism as the dependent variable Data was analyzed statistically using SPSS version 19. Both descriptive and inferential statistics was used to test the hypotheses. The study found thatgender had no significant effect on absenteeism, The results of the study form the basis for better management of institutions The finding of this study will help the managers of school in endorsing the validity of incorporating personal factors in interventions in recruitment, selection, training and staff development processes. The study suggests that future research can make use of longitudinal design to adequately examine the causal status of personal factors on absenteeism.
How does hotel employees’ satisfaction with the organization’s COVID-19 respo...Nghiên Cứu Định Lượng
Bài nghiên cứu của thành viên Trung tâm Nghiên cứu Định lượng tham gia trong dự án về Covid-19
This research examines the role of hotel employees’ satisfaction with their organization’s COVID-19 responses in reducing their perceived job insecurity (PJI) and maintaining their job performance (JP). We conducted two studies using an explanatory sequential mixed-methods design. The results indicated that employees’ satisfaction with organization COVID-19 responses (SOCV19R) positively influences JP and moderates (1) the positive association between perceived health risk associated with COVID-19 (PHRCV19) and PJI and (2) the negative link between PJI and JP. Unexpectedly, PHRCV19 was found to positively affect JP, and the moderating effect of SOCV19R on the relationship between PHRCV19 and JP was significant and positive. We also found that PJI has a mediating role in the PHRCV19–JP relationship. This study fills a significant gap in hospitality research by exploring the role of the organization’s crisis responses in tempering the impact of perceived health risk of a global health crisis on hotel employees. Theoretically, this research revealed that employees’ SOCV19R helps raise JP, mitigate the positive influence of PHRCV19 on PJI and the negative impact of PJI on JP, and strengthen the positive effect of PHRCV19 on JP.
Analysis of Rising Tutition Rates in The United States Based on Clustering An...csandit
Since higher education is one of the major driving
forces for country development and social
prosperity, and tuition plays a significant role in
determining whether or not a person can
afford to receive higher education, the rising tuit
ion is a topic of big concern today. So it is
essentially necessary to understand what factors af
fect the tuition and how they increase or
decrease the tuition. Many existing studies on the
rising tuition either lack large amounts of real
data and proper quantitative models to support thei
r conclusions, or are limited to focus on only
a few factors that might affect the tuition, which
fail to make a comprehensive analysis. In this
paper, we explore a wide variety of factors that mi
ght affect the tuition growth rate by use of
large amounts of authentic data and different quant
itative methods such as clustering analysis
and regression models.
The public sector efficiency in the education departmentAlexander Decker
1. The document analyzes the efficiency of public sector educational expenditures in Punjab and Sindh provinces of Pakistan using data envelopment analysis (DEA).
2. DEA was used to calculate efficiency scores and rankings for each district based on educational expenditures as inputs and total student enrollments as outputs.
3. Preliminary results found variation in efficiency scores across districts, with some districts performing better than others in converting educational funds into student enrollments.
Dynamics under Various Assumptions on Time and UncertaintySSA KPI
This document describes a 6th International Summer School being held in Kiev, Ukraine from August 8-20, 2011 on predicting dynamics under various assumptions about time and uncertainty. The summer school will cover topics including system dynamics, primary education modeling, HIV transmission modeling, genetic networks, stochastic models, and portfolio optimization. Speakers will come from universities in Turkey, Germany, the USA, Portugal, and Malaysia. The schedule includes lectures on introduction and motivation, various modeling approaches, numerical examples and results, and a conclusion.
This document summarizes higher education issues in South Korea. It outlines the rapid growth of the Korean economy and higher education system. It then discusses major issues like dominance of prestigious universities, lack of specialization, and disconnect between academia and industry. The government's efforts to reform include corporatizing national universities, quality assurance measures, funding programs to promote specialization, internationalization, and equity. Overall, the document provides an overview of the development, current status, challenges and reform efforts regarding higher education in Korea.
Effect of social capital on agribusiness diversification intention in the eme...Nghiên Cứu Định Lượng
This is the first study to explore the comprehensive effect of the facets of social capital on behavioral intention through behavioral goals and determinants of the TPB under the premises of the RBV. The findings will help emerging economies, for example, Vietnam, where most farmers are family business owners or microscaled entrepreneurs in agriculture.
EDUCATION AS A PATHWAY TO SUSTAINABLE GROWTH IN NIGERIApaperpublications3
Abstract: The crucial role of education in the overall development of a nation cannot be overemphasized. It is not only seen as a key to poverty reduction and vehicle for promoting equity, fairness and social justice but also helps to supply the essential human capital which is a paramount condition for sustained economic development. The basic objective of this paper investigates the authenticity of education being the pathway to sustainable economic development in Nigeria, using annual time series data from 1981 to 2014. The paper employs OLS methodology using Cobb Douglas production with white heteroskedasticity testing, wald test analysis and breusch pagan godfrey autocorrelation test. The results shows that considering the magnitude 1% increase in RGDP (proxy Economic growth) is brought about by 118% increase in (GFCF) gross fixed capital formation, 114% increase in (TEXPEDU) total expenditure on education, 22% increase in total recurrent expenditure on education (TREXPEDU) and 0.00095% increase in (TLBF), total labour force. R2 shows that 98% systematic variation in Real GDP is caused by variation in the explanatory variables. This indicates that there is, indeed a short and long-run relationship between education, and economic development. The findings have a strong implication on educational policy in Nigeria. The study seems to suggest that a concerted effort should be made by policymakers to enhance educational investment with a focus on human capital development in order to ensure and accelerate inclusive growth that would engender economic development.
A paradigm shift: Effect of government proposed policy on cost sharing for un...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications
Insights Into Work Family Conflict among Working Mothers Does Occupation Stat...YogeshIJTSRD
Working mothers provide a remarkable contribution to the development of our countrys economy. There are many changes in womens lives in the modern era. the present life of Working mothers is extremely challenging. The work family conflict has now evolved as an essential and universal problem for working mothers in todays world. This study set out to research significant differences in work family conflict across the occupation status of working mothers. The sample comprises 210 working mothers from the north Kerala region. Data was collected through a field survey by using a structured questionnaire. Collected data has been analyzed by using various statistical tools like one way ANOVA and Bonferroni Post hoc test. The research has revealed that the occupation status of working mothers had a significant difference in work family conflict. The Research also revealed that the working mothers in the private sector have a greater work family conflict than others. This result validates earlier research findings, where the occupation status had a significant influence on work family conflict among working mothers. Vishnu P K | Dr. Anil P V | Vyshak P K "Insights Into Work-Family Conflict among Working Mothers: Does Occupation Status Matter?" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd43909.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/organizational-behaviour/43909/insights-into-workfamily-conflict-among-working-mothers-does-occupation-status-matter/vishnu-p-k
This document summarizes preliminary findings from the OECD Human Capital Project. It presents background on measuring human capital as a determinant of economic growth and inequality. It describes the genesis and features of the OECD project, including participating countries and data sources. Preliminary results show levels and distribution of human capital by gender, education, and age. Volume changes in total and per capita human capital are also presented. Planned developments include improving estimates, constructing accumulation accounts, and analyzing how human capital measures can be used to improve economic analysis. Long-term challenges include incorporating quality measures and extending monetary measures to non-economic returns.
Conceptualizing institutional policies for students’ academic success in camb...Sam Rany
The document discusses conceptualizing institutional policies that can promote students' academic success in Cambodian universities. It analyzes theories by Astin and Tinto regarding factors that influence student outcomes. The document proposes a conceptual model incorporating 10 variables as predictors: demographic factors, prior schooling, English proficiency, goal commitment, institutional commitment, academic integration, social integration, curricular involvement, faculty interaction, and peer group interaction. These variables are linked to student input, environment, and outcomes based on the theories. The model aims to guide research on institutional policies supporting Cambodian students' academic achievement and retention.
This document discusses conceptualizing institutional policies to promote students' academic success in Cambodian universities. It begins by providing context on Cambodian higher education and issues impacting students' academic performance. It then reviews theories by Astin and Tinto that link institutional experiences and academic success. Based on these theories, the document proposes ten variables that may influence how institutional policies impact academic success in Cambodia. Finally, it designs a conceptual model to illustrate the relationships between student characteristics, academic environment, policies, and academic success within the Cambodian education system.
A study on the entrepreneurial intention among students IAEME Publication
This document summarizes a study on entrepreneurial intention among students. The study surveyed 650 final year students from engineering, management, and computer application programs across universities in Chennai, India. The survey examined how personal factors like self-efficacy, family background, role models, and the university environment influence students' entrepreneurial intentions. Key findings include that the majority of students surveyed were male (69.54%) and between the ages of 22-23 (29.85%). The study aims to identify determinants of entrepreneurial motivation to better understand how to promote startups and economic growth.
How Organizational Climate Influences Job Satisfaction in Educational Sector ...inventionjournals
The study aims in determining the organizational climate that would result in job satisfaction among academic staff in educational settings. Adequate literature on organizational climate and job satisfaction was reviewed. Findings results into the factors that contribute to shape culture, and its results into a framework, to encompass manifestations of organizational culture in relation to academic excellence. Further researchers can use this conceptual model to include few more pre cursors to outcomes to it, also this model can be tested empirically
Life Science Students’ Expectations on the Importance and Impact of Education...Adela Banciu
This study examined life science students' expectations of education's impact on career development and employment opportunities. Questionnaires were administered to master's students and teachers at a biology faculty to assess perceptions. For students, statistically significant decreases were found after graduation in expectations of job ease, pay, knowledge need, and research involvement. Teachers perceived education as having a small role in employment prospects. Both groups expressed somewhat negative views of education's socioeconomic impact, suggesting curriculum improvements are needed to better develop students' innovation and career skills.
QUALITY OF WORK LIFE (QWL) OF ACADEMIC STAFF IN PRIVATE UNIVERSITIES IN NORTH...IAEME Publication
One of the challenges facing private universities in Nigeria is the inability to
retain highly competence academic staff. Heavy workloads, lack of adequate
resources and an unfavourable work environment, all affects efficiency and
productivity of the academic staff. The poor QWL can cause high stress levels, which
may have detrimental effects on family life and the wellbeing of academic staff. Based
on the above assertions, this study therefore examined QWL of academic staff in
private universities, north central Nigeria. Theoretically, this study adopted the self
and organizational theories. A sample size of 245 academic staff was purposively
selected for the study. Development and Validation Scale was used to measure QWL
among the selected academic staff.The finding indicates that, there was a disparity in
terms of the academic staff socio-demographic features and QWL.The study
concludes that in today era QWL is an important factor in determining academic staff
satisfaction in private universities in north central Nigeria and if it is undermined it
can affect the academic staff level of satisfaction adversely.
QUALITY OF WORK LIFE (QWL) OF ACADEMIC STAFF IN PRIVATE UNIVERSITIES IN NORTH...IAEME Publication
One of the challenges facing private universities in Nigeria is the inability to retain highly competence academic staff. Heavy workloads, lack of adequate resources and an unfavourable work environment, all affects efficiency and productivity of the academic staff. The poor QWL can cause high stress levels, which may have detrimental effects on family life and the wellbeing of academic staff. Based on the above assertions, this study therefore examined QWL of academic staff in private universities, north central Nigeria. Theoretically, this study adopted the self and organizational theories. A sample size of 245 academic staff was purposively selected for the study. Development and Validation Scale was used to measure QWL among the selected academic staff.The finding indicates that, there was a disparity in terms of the academic staff socio-demographic features and QWL.The study concludes that in today era QWL is an important factor in determining academic staff satisfaction in private universities in north central Nigeria and if it is undermined it can affect the academic staff level of satisfaction adversely.
The contribution of trade unions to promotion of employee performanceAlexander Decker
The document discusses a study that evaluated the contribution of the Universities' Academic Staff Union (UASU) to promoting employee performance at Egerton University in Kenya from the perspective of UASU officials. The study found that UASU's activities positively influenced various aspects of employee performance such as wage rates, morale, terms of service, job commitment, individual output, training, and organizational practices. It also positively affected union performance. However, some challenges were faced including victimization of officials and social factors. The officials were generally satisfied with UASU's contribution to improving employee performance.
The contribution of trade unions to promotion of employee performanceAlexander Decker
The document analyzes a study that evaluated the contribution of the Universities' Academic Staff Union (UASU) to promoting employee performance at Egerton University in Kenya. It finds that UASU activities positively influenced various factors of employee performance like terms of service, morale, commitment, output, training, and wages. However, the UASU officials faced some challenges, including victimization by the university administration and divided opinions on political interference and employer sincerity in implementing agreements. Overall, the study concludes that engaging UASU contributes to effective service delivery at the university.
The contribution of trade unions to promotion of employee performanceAlexander Decker
The document analyzes a study that evaluated the contribution of the Universities' Academic Staff Union (UASU) to promoting employee performance at Egerton University in Kenya. It finds that UASU activities positively influenced various factors of employee performance like terms of service, morale, commitment, output, training, and wages. However, the UASU officials faced some challenges, including victimization by the university administration and divided opinions on political interference and employer sincerity in implementing agreements. Overall, the study concludes that engaging UASU contributes to effective service delivery at the university.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER) is an intentional online Journal in English monthly publishing journal. This Journal publish original research work that contributes significantly to further the scientific knowledge in engineering and Technology
An Investigation into Factors Fuelling Industrial Action by Buffalo City Metr...ijtsrd
All stakeholders are concerned about the growing number of municipal worker strikes. Local government officials understand that this has a negative impact on service delivery and, as a result, the quality of life for all residents. Residents are also concerned about the growing number of strikes because they are not getting value for money in terms of service delivery. The purpose of this study was to look into the factors that contribute to the high rate of industrial action among Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipal employees. The study sought human resource solutions that could be used to address the causes of industrial unrest in the Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality. The methodology relied on quantitative research through the use of a questionnaire. Despite the fact that there are many strikes taking place across the country, the study only focused on the Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality in the Eastern Cape Province. The researcher posited that because there have been numerous strikes at the BCMM over the years, the study will attempt to identify the causes of these strikes. The study will add to the scarcity of research on the subject, it will also provide ground breaking strategies for the South African government and the South African Municipal Workers’ Union in dealing with industrial strikes. The study recommends that a well constructed salary scale be implemented in all municipalities across the country. Nana Owusu Atta Yeboah | Adolf Lowies "An Investigation into Factors Fuelling Industrial Action by Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality Workers in South Africa" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-5 , August 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd50529.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/other/50529/an-investigation-into-factors-fuelling-industrial-action-by-buffalo-city-metropolitan-municipality-workers-in-south-africa/nana-owusu-atta-yeboah
Association between job dissatisfaction and occupational accidents among male...Prevencionar
Background: Construction workers are exposed to multiple irrigation factors that can cause occupational accidents. This study included poorly explored factors such as high physical demands and prolonged working days for the construction sector in the Republic of Ecuador. Methods: The data came from a national survey. For this study a sub-sample of manual workers was included. Multiple logistic regression models were applied, with adjustments for sociodemographic variables, employment, and security conditions. Results: Of the 857 construction workers, 6.5 percent said they had suffered a work accident in the last 12 months. This represents an estimated incidence rate of 7,508,9 accidents per 100,000 workers (21,396 weighted). Significant associations were found between dissatisfaction with physical demands (OR = 2.54; CI95% = 1.40–4.48) and prolonged working days (OR= 2.61; CI95% = 1.49–4.48), with the likelihood of suffering to occupational accident. Conclusion: It is suggested to pay more attention to these factors and, along with other safety strategies, to promote safer and healthier working environments for construction workers.
Correlates Of Job Security and Health Management On Employees Intentions To L...IJSRED
This document summarizes a study that examined the relationship between job security, health management, and employees' intentions to leave private secondary schools in South-South Nigeria. The study surveyed 835 employees and found that job security and good medical provision were most important in reducing turnover. Specifically, job security had the strongest correlation with intentions to stay (r=0.86), followed by health care management (r=0.82). The combination of job security and health care management had the overall highest correlation with intentions to stay (r=0.63). Prior research also found relationships between job security, compensation, health services, and employee retention. The results suggest managers should focus on ensuring job security and providing quality health care to improve employee
Factors Influencing Non-Teaching Employees’ Performance in Kenya: A Case Stud...paperpublications3
Abstract: The study aimed at analyzing the factors influencing non-teaching employees’ performance in Kitale National Polytechnic. Non-teaching employees play a significant role in achieving the goals of an institution. The study was guided by the following research objectives: -to examine the effect of training on non-teaching employee’s performance at Kitale National Polytechnic, to analyze the effect of organization culture on non-teaching employee’s performance at Kitale National Polytechnic, to determine the effect of working environment on non-teaching employee’s performance at Kitale National Polytechnic and to evaluate the effect of motivation on non-teaching employee’s performance at Kitale National Polytechnic. The study was conducted through a descriptive research design. Sixty one non-teaching employees of Kitale National Polytechnic were the target population. The whole population formed the sample size. A questionnaire was the main tool for primary data collection. Descriptive and inferential statistics and regression analysis were used in interpreting the collected data. The study will be able to answer the hurdles that non-teaching employees face while performing their tasks. The findings established in this study will create a path to improved performance of non-teaching employees not only in Kitale National Polytechnic but all the national polytechnics in Kenya.
022-Kanda Monitoring of the Japanese University system using time-use surveyinnovationoecd
This study analyzed time allocation data from faculty members at Japanese universities collected through time use surveys conducted in 2002, 2008, and 2013. The following key points were summarized:
1) Time spent on research and development (R&D) activities declined significantly between 2002 and 2008, decreasing by around 10 percentage points, while time spent on education and social services increased.
2) Universities were categorized into four groups based on their share of scientific publications. Differences were found in time allocations between groups, with higher publishing universities maintaining R&D time and lower publishing universities increasing education time.
3) Opinions on improving R&D performance also differed between groups, with higher publishing universities focusing on securing young researchers and
Effect of social capital on agribusiness diversification intention in the eme...Nghiên Cứu Định Lượng
This is the first study to explore the comprehensive effect of the facets of social capital on behavioral intention through behavioral goals and determinants of the TPB under the premises of the RBV. The findings will help emerging economies, for example, Vietnam, where most farmers are family business owners or microscaled entrepreneurs in agriculture.
EDUCATION AS A PATHWAY TO SUSTAINABLE GROWTH IN NIGERIApaperpublications3
Abstract: The crucial role of education in the overall development of a nation cannot be overemphasized. It is not only seen as a key to poverty reduction and vehicle for promoting equity, fairness and social justice but also helps to supply the essential human capital which is a paramount condition for sustained economic development. The basic objective of this paper investigates the authenticity of education being the pathway to sustainable economic development in Nigeria, using annual time series data from 1981 to 2014. The paper employs OLS methodology using Cobb Douglas production with white heteroskedasticity testing, wald test analysis and breusch pagan godfrey autocorrelation test. The results shows that considering the magnitude 1% increase in RGDP (proxy Economic growth) is brought about by 118% increase in (GFCF) gross fixed capital formation, 114% increase in (TEXPEDU) total expenditure on education, 22% increase in total recurrent expenditure on education (TREXPEDU) and 0.00095% increase in (TLBF), total labour force. R2 shows that 98% systematic variation in Real GDP is caused by variation in the explanatory variables. This indicates that there is, indeed a short and long-run relationship between education, and economic development. The findings have a strong implication on educational policy in Nigeria. The study seems to suggest that a concerted effort should be made by policymakers to enhance educational investment with a focus on human capital development in order to ensure and accelerate inclusive growth that would engender economic development.
A paradigm shift: Effect of government proposed policy on cost sharing for un...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications
Insights Into Work Family Conflict among Working Mothers Does Occupation Stat...YogeshIJTSRD
Working mothers provide a remarkable contribution to the development of our countrys economy. There are many changes in womens lives in the modern era. the present life of Working mothers is extremely challenging. The work family conflict has now evolved as an essential and universal problem for working mothers in todays world. This study set out to research significant differences in work family conflict across the occupation status of working mothers. The sample comprises 210 working mothers from the north Kerala region. Data was collected through a field survey by using a structured questionnaire. Collected data has been analyzed by using various statistical tools like one way ANOVA and Bonferroni Post hoc test. The research has revealed that the occupation status of working mothers had a significant difference in work family conflict. The Research also revealed that the working mothers in the private sector have a greater work family conflict than others. This result validates earlier research findings, where the occupation status had a significant influence on work family conflict among working mothers. Vishnu P K | Dr. Anil P V | Vyshak P K "Insights Into Work-Family Conflict among Working Mothers: Does Occupation Status Matter?" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd43909.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/organizational-behaviour/43909/insights-into-workfamily-conflict-among-working-mothers-does-occupation-status-matter/vishnu-p-k
This document summarizes preliminary findings from the OECD Human Capital Project. It presents background on measuring human capital as a determinant of economic growth and inequality. It describes the genesis and features of the OECD project, including participating countries and data sources. Preliminary results show levels and distribution of human capital by gender, education, and age. Volume changes in total and per capita human capital are also presented. Planned developments include improving estimates, constructing accumulation accounts, and analyzing how human capital measures can be used to improve economic analysis. Long-term challenges include incorporating quality measures and extending monetary measures to non-economic returns.
Conceptualizing institutional policies for students’ academic success in camb...Sam Rany
The document discusses conceptualizing institutional policies that can promote students' academic success in Cambodian universities. It analyzes theories by Astin and Tinto regarding factors that influence student outcomes. The document proposes a conceptual model incorporating 10 variables as predictors: demographic factors, prior schooling, English proficiency, goal commitment, institutional commitment, academic integration, social integration, curricular involvement, faculty interaction, and peer group interaction. These variables are linked to student input, environment, and outcomes based on the theories. The model aims to guide research on institutional policies supporting Cambodian students' academic achievement and retention.
This document discusses conceptualizing institutional policies to promote students' academic success in Cambodian universities. It begins by providing context on Cambodian higher education and issues impacting students' academic performance. It then reviews theories by Astin and Tinto that link institutional experiences and academic success. Based on these theories, the document proposes ten variables that may influence how institutional policies impact academic success in Cambodia. Finally, it designs a conceptual model to illustrate the relationships between student characteristics, academic environment, policies, and academic success within the Cambodian education system.
A study on the entrepreneurial intention among students IAEME Publication
This document summarizes a study on entrepreneurial intention among students. The study surveyed 650 final year students from engineering, management, and computer application programs across universities in Chennai, India. The survey examined how personal factors like self-efficacy, family background, role models, and the university environment influence students' entrepreneurial intentions. Key findings include that the majority of students surveyed were male (69.54%) and between the ages of 22-23 (29.85%). The study aims to identify determinants of entrepreneurial motivation to better understand how to promote startups and economic growth.
How Organizational Climate Influences Job Satisfaction in Educational Sector ...inventionjournals
The study aims in determining the organizational climate that would result in job satisfaction among academic staff in educational settings. Adequate literature on organizational climate and job satisfaction was reviewed. Findings results into the factors that contribute to shape culture, and its results into a framework, to encompass manifestations of organizational culture in relation to academic excellence. Further researchers can use this conceptual model to include few more pre cursors to outcomes to it, also this model can be tested empirically
Life Science Students’ Expectations on the Importance and Impact of Education...Adela Banciu
This study examined life science students' expectations of education's impact on career development and employment opportunities. Questionnaires were administered to master's students and teachers at a biology faculty to assess perceptions. For students, statistically significant decreases were found after graduation in expectations of job ease, pay, knowledge need, and research involvement. Teachers perceived education as having a small role in employment prospects. Both groups expressed somewhat negative views of education's socioeconomic impact, suggesting curriculum improvements are needed to better develop students' innovation and career skills.
QUALITY OF WORK LIFE (QWL) OF ACADEMIC STAFF IN PRIVATE UNIVERSITIES IN NORTH...IAEME Publication
One of the challenges facing private universities in Nigeria is the inability to
retain highly competence academic staff. Heavy workloads, lack of adequate
resources and an unfavourable work environment, all affects efficiency and
productivity of the academic staff. The poor QWL can cause high stress levels, which
may have detrimental effects on family life and the wellbeing of academic staff. Based
on the above assertions, this study therefore examined QWL of academic staff in
private universities, north central Nigeria. Theoretically, this study adopted the self
and organizational theories. A sample size of 245 academic staff was purposively
selected for the study. Development and Validation Scale was used to measure QWL
among the selected academic staff.The finding indicates that, there was a disparity in
terms of the academic staff socio-demographic features and QWL.The study
concludes that in today era QWL is an important factor in determining academic staff
satisfaction in private universities in north central Nigeria and if it is undermined it
can affect the academic staff level of satisfaction adversely.
QUALITY OF WORK LIFE (QWL) OF ACADEMIC STAFF IN PRIVATE UNIVERSITIES IN NORTH...IAEME Publication
One of the challenges facing private universities in Nigeria is the inability to retain highly competence academic staff. Heavy workloads, lack of adequate resources and an unfavourable work environment, all affects efficiency and productivity of the academic staff. The poor QWL can cause high stress levels, which may have detrimental effects on family life and the wellbeing of academic staff. Based on the above assertions, this study therefore examined QWL of academic staff in private universities, north central Nigeria. Theoretically, this study adopted the self and organizational theories. A sample size of 245 academic staff was purposively selected for the study. Development and Validation Scale was used to measure QWL among the selected academic staff.The finding indicates that, there was a disparity in terms of the academic staff socio-demographic features and QWL.The study concludes that in today era QWL is an important factor in determining academic staff satisfaction in private universities in north central Nigeria and if it is undermined it can affect the academic staff level of satisfaction adversely.
The contribution of trade unions to promotion of employee performanceAlexander Decker
The document discusses a study that evaluated the contribution of the Universities' Academic Staff Union (UASU) to promoting employee performance at Egerton University in Kenya from the perspective of UASU officials. The study found that UASU's activities positively influenced various aspects of employee performance such as wage rates, morale, terms of service, job commitment, individual output, training, and organizational practices. It also positively affected union performance. However, some challenges were faced including victimization of officials and social factors. The officials were generally satisfied with UASU's contribution to improving employee performance.
The contribution of trade unions to promotion of employee performanceAlexander Decker
The document analyzes a study that evaluated the contribution of the Universities' Academic Staff Union (UASU) to promoting employee performance at Egerton University in Kenya. It finds that UASU activities positively influenced various factors of employee performance like terms of service, morale, commitment, output, training, and wages. However, the UASU officials faced some challenges, including victimization by the university administration and divided opinions on political interference and employer sincerity in implementing agreements. Overall, the study concludes that engaging UASU contributes to effective service delivery at the university.
The contribution of trade unions to promotion of employee performanceAlexander Decker
The document analyzes a study that evaluated the contribution of the Universities' Academic Staff Union (UASU) to promoting employee performance at Egerton University in Kenya. It finds that UASU activities positively influenced various factors of employee performance like terms of service, morale, commitment, output, training, and wages. However, the UASU officials faced some challenges, including victimization by the university administration and divided opinions on political interference and employer sincerity in implementing agreements. Overall, the study concludes that engaging UASU contributes to effective service delivery at the university.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER) is an intentional online Journal in English monthly publishing journal. This Journal publish original research work that contributes significantly to further the scientific knowledge in engineering and Technology
An Investigation into Factors Fuelling Industrial Action by Buffalo City Metr...ijtsrd
All stakeholders are concerned about the growing number of municipal worker strikes. Local government officials understand that this has a negative impact on service delivery and, as a result, the quality of life for all residents. Residents are also concerned about the growing number of strikes because they are not getting value for money in terms of service delivery. The purpose of this study was to look into the factors that contribute to the high rate of industrial action among Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipal employees. The study sought human resource solutions that could be used to address the causes of industrial unrest in the Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality. The methodology relied on quantitative research through the use of a questionnaire. Despite the fact that there are many strikes taking place across the country, the study only focused on the Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality in the Eastern Cape Province. The researcher posited that because there have been numerous strikes at the BCMM over the years, the study will attempt to identify the causes of these strikes. The study will add to the scarcity of research on the subject, it will also provide ground breaking strategies for the South African government and the South African Municipal Workers’ Union in dealing with industrial strikes. The study recommends that a well constructed salary scale be implemented in all municipalities across the country. Nana Owusu Atta Yeboah | Adolf Lowies "An Investigation into Factors Fuelling Industrial Action by Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality Workers in South Africa" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-5 , August 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd50529.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/other/50529/an-investigation-into-factors-fuelling-industrial-action-by-buffalo-city-metropolitan-municipality-workers-in-south-africa/nana-owusu-atta-yeboah
Association between job dissatisfaction and occupational accidents among male...Prevencionar
Background: Construction workers are exposed to multiple irrigation factors that can cause occupational accidents. This study included poorly explored factors such as high physical demands and prolonged working days for the construction sector in the Republic of Ecuador. Methods: The data came from a national survey. For this study a sub-sample of manual workers was included. Multiple logistic regression models were applied, with adjustments for sociodemographic variables, employment, and security conditions. Results: Of the 857 construction workers, 6.5 percent said they had suffered a work accident in the last 12 months. This represents an estimated incidence rate of 7,508,9 accidents per 100,000 workers (21,396 weighted). Significant associations were found between dissatisfaction with physical demands (OR = 2.54; CI95% = 1.40–4.48) and prolonged working days (OR= 2.61; CI95% = 1.49–4.48), with the likelihood of suffering to occupational accident. Conclusion: It is suggested to pay more attention to these factors and, along with other safety strategies, to promote safer and healthier working environments for construction workers.
Correlates Of Job Security and Health Management On Employees Intentions To L...IJSRED
This document summarizes a study that examined the relationship between job security, health management, and employees' intentions to leave private secondary schools in South-South Nigeria. The study surveyed 835 employees and found that job security and good medical provision were most important in reducing turnover. Specifically, job security had the strongest correlation with intentions to stay (r=0.86), followed by health care management (r=0.82). The combination of job security and health care management had the overall highest correlation with intentions to stay (r=0.63). Prior research also found relationships between job security, compensation, health services, and employee retention. The results suggest managers should focus on ensuring job security and providing quality health care to improve employee
Factors Influencing Non-Teaching Employees’ Performance in Kenya: A Case Stud...paperpublications3
Abstract: The study aimed at analyzing the factors influencing non-teaching employees’ performance in Kitale National Polytechnic. Non-teaching employees play a significant role in achieving the goals of an institution. The study was guided by the following research objectives: -to examine the effect of training on non-teaching employee’s performance at Kitale National Polytechnic, to analyze the effect of organization culture on non-teaching employee’s performance at Kitale National Polytechnic, to determine the effect of working environment on non-teaching employee’s performance at Kitale National Polytechnic and to evaluate the effect of motivation on non-teaching employee’s performance at Kitale National Polytechnic. The study was conducted through a descriptive research design. Sixty one non-teaching employees of Kitale National Polytechnic were the target population. The whole population formed the sample size. A questionnaire was the main tool for primary data collection. Descriptive and inferential statistics and regression analysis were used in interpreting the collected data. The study will be able to answer the hurdles that non-teaching employees face while performing their tasks. The findings established in this study will create a path to improved performance of non-teaching employees not only in Kitale National Polytechnic but all the national polytechnics in Kenya.
022-Kanda Monitoring of the Japanese University system using time-use surveyinnovationoecd
This study analyzed time allocation data from faculty members at Japanese universities collected through time use surveys conducted in 2002, 2008, and 2013. The following key points were summarized:
1) Time spent on research and development (R&D) activities declined significantly between 2002 and 2008, decreasing by around 10 percentage points, while time spent on education and social services increased.
2) Universities were categorized into four groups based on their share of scientific publications. Differences were found in time allocations between groups, with higher publishing universities maintaining R&D time and lower publishing universities increasing education time.
3) Opinions on improving R&D performance also differed between groups, with higher publishing universities focusing on securing young researchers and
This document examines the effects of financial reward on industrial harmony in selected public tertiary institutions in Southwest Nigeria. It studies the effects of salary and allowances specifically. The population is 11,374 academic and non-academic staff across 4 universities. A sample of 386 staff were surveyed using questionnaires. The study found that salary and allowances both have significant effects on industrial harmony, but that allowances have a stronger effect. It was concluded that financial rewards significantly impact industrial harmony in the selected public tertiary institutions in Southwest Nigeria.
WORKPLACE CONFLICT MANAGEMENT AND ADMINISTRATIVE PRODUCTIVITY OF STAFF OF SEL...IAEME Publication
Conflict management strategies are the measures used to manage conflict in the university in order to improve staff performance but unfortunately these universities have suffered major decline in Nigeria university due to conflict. The study adopted the survey research design in collecting data from three public universities that were chosen from three states to represent Southwest Nigeria namely: Oyo, Lagos and Ogun. The contiguity of the three States is another factor of convenience and reach which supported the selection of the States. The analysis which included the quantitative analysis aimed at assessing the main conflict management strategies that can influence the productivity of staff in the selected public universities. Based on the results, the hypothetical model of conflict management strategies and productivity was drawn up, which was later tested in the current study with a PLS-SEM path analysis. The above summary shows that only two hypotheses were rejected. Accommodation strategy does not influence staff productivity, nor does the collaboration strategy have an effect on the productivity of staff. The results show that there are other several connections between conflict management strategies and staff productivity.
Flexible scheduling, retirement plans and service delivery amongAlexander Decker
This study examined the effects of flexible scheduling and retirement plans on service delivery among civil servants in Nandi South, Kenya. A survey of 350 employees found that retirement plans had a significant positive relationship with service delivery. Flexible scheduling was also positively associated with service delivery. Regression analysis confirmed that both retirement plans and flexible scheduling significantly predicted levels of service delivery. The study concluded that flexible scheduling and adequate retirement plans enhance service delivery by civil servants.
Are graduates from the public authority for applied education and training in...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study that examined whether graduates from the Public Authority for Applied Education and Training (PAAE&T) in Kuwait met the requirements of local employers. The study found that there was a need to strengthen the link between PAAE&T programs and industry needs. Students and industry stakeholders felt that curricula needed updating and that instructors required better training. The study concluded that developing a clear strategy involving industry could help ensure graduates have the necessary skills and knowledge to meet market demands.
Are graduates from the public authority for applied education and training in...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study examining whether graduates from Kuwait's Public Authority for Applied Education and Training (PAAE&T) meet the requirements of local employers. The study collected data through a literature review, questionnaires given to 1600 PAAE&T students across various colleges and programs, and interviews with department heads, deans, industry supervisors, and graduates. The study found that while PAAE&T aims to equip students with skills for industry, there is a need to strengthen the connection between vocational programs and workplace needs to better prepare graduates for careers. Recommendations include developing a labor strategy to ensure PAAE&T graduates have the required knowledge, skills, and attitudes to meet industry demands.
The efficacy of retirement plans and flexible scheduling in improving the qua...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study that examined the effects of retirement plans and flexible scheduling on service delivery among civil servants in Nandi South, Kenya. A survey of 350 employees found that retirement plans had a significant positive relationship with service delivery, while flexible scheduling was also positively associated with service delivery. Regression analysis confirmed that both retirement plans and flexible scheduling had significant effects on service delivery. The study concluded that implementing retirement plans and policies supporting flexible scheduling can improve service delivery in the public sector.
Effective intervention conflict management techniques as perceived by academi...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes research on perceptions of conflict management techniques among academic staff, non-academic staff, and students at Nigerian universities. The study found no significant differences between these groups in their perceptions of forcing, smoothing, detraction, arbitration, and changing individuals as effective techniques. Arbitration had the highest perceived effectiveness while forcing had the lowest. The document provides several examples of conflicts that have occurred at Nigerian universities involving academic staff, non-academic staff, and students.
Abnormalities of hormones and inflammatory cytokines in women affected with p...Alexander Decker
Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have elevated levels of hormones like luteinizing hormone and testosterone, as well as higher levels of insulin and insulin resistance compared to healthy women. They also have increased levels of inflammatory markers like C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, and leptin. This study found these abnormalities in the hormones and inflammatory cytokines of women with PCOS ages 23-40, indicating that hormone imbalances associated with insulin resistance and elevated inflammatory markers may worsen infertility in women with PCOS.
A usability evaluation framework for b2 c e commerce websitesAlexander Decker
This document presents a framework for evaluating the usability of B2C e-commerce websites. It involves user testing methods like usability testing and interviews to identify usability problems in areas like navigation, design, purchasing processes, and customer service. The framework specifies goals for the evaluation, determines which website aspects to evaluate, and identifies target users. It then describes collecting data through user testing and analyzing the results to identify usability problems and suggest improvements.
A universal model for managing the marketing executives in nigerian banksAlexander Decker
This document discusses a study that aimed to synthesize motivation theories into a universal model for managing marketing executives in Nigerian banks. The study was guided by Maslow and McGregor's theories. A sample of 303 marketing executives was used. The results showed that managers will be most effective at motivating marketing executives if they consider individual needs and create challenging but attainable goals. The emerged model suggests managers should provide job satisfaction by tailoring assignments to abilities and monitoring performance with feedback. This addresses confusion faced by Nigerian bank managers in determining effective motivation strategies.
A unique common fixed point theorems in generalized dAlexander Decker
This document presents definitions and properties related to generalized D*-metric spaces and establishes some common fixed point theorems for contractive type mappings in these spaces. It begins by introducing D*-metric spaces and generalized D*-metric spaces, defines concepts like convergence and Cauchy sequences. It presents lemmas showing the uniqueness of limits in these spaces and the equivalence of different definitions of convergence. The goal of the paper is then stated as obtaining a unique common fixed point theorem for generalized D*-metric spaces.
A trends of salmonella and antibiotic resistanceAlexander Decker
This document provides a review of trends in Salmonella and antibiotic resistance. It begins with an introduction to Salmonella as a facultative anaerobe that causes nontyphoidal salmonellosis. The emergence of antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella is then discussed. The document proceeds to cover the historical perspective and classification of Salmonella, definitions of antimicrobials and antibiotic resistance, and mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in Salmonella including modification or destruction of antimicrobial agents, efflux pumps, modification of antibiotic targets, and decreased membrane permeability. Specific resistance mechanisms are discussed for several classes of antimicrobials.
A transformational generative approach towards understanding al-istifhamAlexander Decker
This document discusses a transformational-generative approach to understanding Al-Istifham, which refers to interrogative sentences in Arabic. It begins with an introduction to the origin and development of Arabic grammar. The paper then explains the theoretical framework of transformational-generative grammar that is used. Basic linguistic concepts and terms related to Arabic grammar are defined. The document analyzes how interrogative sentences in Arabic can be derived and transformed via tools from transformational-generative grammar, categorizing Al-Istifham into linguistic and literary questions.
A time series analysis of the determinants of savings in namibiaAlexander Decker
This document summarizes a study on the determinants of savings in Namibia from 1991 to 2012. It reviews previous literature on savings determinants in developing countries. The study uses time series analysis including unit root tests, cointegration, and error correction models to analyze the relationship between savings and variables like income, inflation, population growth, deposit rates, and financial deepening in Namibia. The results found inflation and income have a positive impact on savings, while population growth negatively impacts savings. Deposit rates and financial deepening were found to have no significant impact. The study reinforces previous work and emphasizes the importance of improving income levels to achieve higher savings rates in Namibia.
A therapy for physical and mental fitness of school childrenAlexander Decker
This document summarizes a study on the importance of exercise in maintaining physical and mental fitness for school children. It discusses how physical and mental fitness are developed through participation in regular physical exercises and cannot be achieved solely through classroom learning. The document outlines different types and components of fitness and argues that developing fitness should be a key objective of education systems. It recommends that schools ensure pupils engage in graded physical activities and exercises to support their overall development.
A theory of efficiency for managing the marketing executives in nigerian banksAlexander Decker
This document summarizes a study examining efficiency in managing marketing executives in Nigerian banks. The study was examined through the lenses of Kaizen theory (continuous improvement) and efficiency theory. A survey of 303 marketing executives from Nigerian banks found that management plays a key role in identifying and implementing efficiency improvements. The document recommends adopting a "3H grand strategy" to improve the heads, hearts, and hands of management and marketing executives by enhancing their knowledge, attitudes, and tools.
This document discusses evaluating the link budget for effective 900MHz GSM communication. It describes the basic parameters needed for a high-level link budget calculation, including transmitter power, antenna gains, path loss, and propagation models. Common propagation models for 900MHz that are described include Okumura model for urban areas and Hata model for urban, suburban, and open areas. Rain attenuation is also incorporated using the updated ITU model to improve communication during rainfall.
A synthetic review of contraceptive supplies in punjabAlexander Decker
This document discusses contraceptive use in Punjab, Pakistan. It begins by providing background on the benefits of family planning and contraceptive use for maternal and child health. It then analyzes contraceptive commodity data from Punjab, finding that use is still low despite efforts to improve access. The document concludes by emphasizing the need for strategies to bridge gaps and meet the unmet need for effective and affordable contraceptive methods and supplies in Punjab in order to improve health outcomes.
A synthesis of taylor’s and fayol’s management approaches for managing market...Alexander Decker
1) The document discusses synthesizing Taylor's scientific management approach and Fayol's process management approach to identify an effective way to manage marketing executives in Nigerian banks.
2) It reviews Taylor's emphasis on efficiency and breaking tasks into small parts, and Fayol's focus on developing general management principles.
3) The study administered a survey to 303 marketing executives in Nigerian banks to test if combining elements of Taylor and Fayol's approaches would help manage their performance through clear roles, accountability, and motivation. Statistical analysis supported combining the two approaches.
A survey paper on sequence pattern mining with incrementalAlexander Decker
This document summarizes four algorithms for sequential pattern mining: GSP, ISM, FreeSpan, and PrefixSpan. GSP is an Apriori-based algorithm that incorporates time constraints. ISM extends SPADE to incrementally update patterns after database changes. FreeSpan uses frequent items to recursively project databases and grow subsequences. PrefixSpan also uses projection but claims to not require candidate generation. It recursively projects databases based on short prefix patterns. The document concludes by stating the goal was to find an efficient scheme for extracting sequential patterns from transactional datasets.
A survey on live virtual machine migrations and its techniquesAlexander Decker
This document summarizes several techniques for live virtual machine migration in cloud computing. It discusses works that have proposed affinity-aware migration models to improve resource utilization, energy efficient migration approaches using storage migration and live VM migration, and a dynamic consolidation technique using migration control to avoid unnecessary migrations. The document also summarizes works that have designed methods to minimize migration downtime and network traffic, proposed a resource reservation framework for efficient migration of multiple VMs, and addressed real-time issues in live migration. Finally, it provides a table summarizing the techniques, tools used, and potential future work or gaps identified for each discussed work.
A survey on data mining and analysis in hadoop and mongo dbAlexander Decker
This document discusses data mining of big data using Hadoop and MongoDB. It provides an overview of Hadoop and MongoDB and their uses in big data analysis. Specifically, it proposes using Hadoop for distributed processing and MongoDB for data storage and input. The document reviews several related works that discuss big data analysis using these tools, as well as their capabilities for scalable data storage and mining. It aims to improve computational time and fault tolerance for big data analysis by mining data stored in Hadoop using MongoDB and MapReduce.
1. The document discusses several challenges for integrating media with cloud computing including media content convergence, scalability and expandability, finding appropriate applications, and reliability.
2. Media content convergence challenges include dealing with the heterogeneity of media types, services, networks, devices, and quality of service requirements as well as integrating technologies used by media providers and consumers.
3. Scalability and expandability challenges involve adapting to the increasing volume of media content and being able to support new media formats and outlets over time.
This document surveys trust architectures that leverage provenance in wireless sensor networks. It begins with background on provenance, which refers to the documented history or derivation of data. Provenance can be used to assess trust by providing metadata about how data was processed. The document then discusses challenges for using provenance to establish trust in wireless sensor networks, which have constraints on energy and computation. Finally, it provides background on trust, which is the subjective probability that a node will behave dependably. Trust architectures need to be lightweight to account for the constraints of wireless sensor networks.
This document discusses private equity investments in Kenya. It provides background on private equity and discusses trends in various regions. The objectives of the study discussed are to establish the extent of private equity adoption in Kenya, identify common forms of private equity utilized, and determine typical exit strategies. Private equity can involve venture capital, leveraged buyouts, or mezzanine financing. Exits allow recycling of capital into new opportunities. The document provides context on private equity globally and in developing markets like Africa to frame the goals of the study.
This document discusses a study that analyzes the financial health of the Indian logistics industry from 2005-2012 using Altman's Z-score model. The study finds that the average Z-score for selected logistics firms was in the healthy to very healthy range during the study period. The average Z-score increased from 2006 to 2010 when the Indian economy was hit by the global recession, indicating the overall performance of the Indian logistics industry was good. The document reviews previous literature on measuring financial performance and distress using ratios and Z-scores, and outlines the objectives and methodology used in the current study.
HCL Notes and Domino License Cost Reduction in the World of DLAUpanagenda
Webinar Recording: https://www.panagenda.com/webinars/hcl-notes-and-domino-license-cost-reduction-in-the-world-of-dlau/
The introduction of DLAU and the CCB & CCX licensing model caused quite a stir in the HCL community. As a Notes and Domino customer, you may have faced challenges with unexpected user counts and license costs. You probably have questions on how this new licensing approach works and how to benefit from it. Most importantly, you likely have budget constraints and want to save money where possible. Don’t worry, we can help with all of this!
We’ll show you how to fix common misconfigurations that cause higher-than-expected user counts, and how to identify accounts which you can deactivate to save money. There are also frequent patterns that can cause unnecessary cost, like using a person document instead of a mail-in for shared mailboxes. We’ll provide examples and solutions for those as well. And naturally we’ll explain the new licensing model.
Join HCL Ambassador Marc Thomas in this webinar with a special guest appearance from Franz Walder. It will give you the tools and know-how to stay on top of what is going on with Domino licensing. You will be able lower your cost through an optimized configuration and keep it low going forward.
These topics will be covered
- Reducing license cost by finding and fixing misconfigurations and superfluous accounts
- How do CCB and CCX licenses really work?
- Understanding the DLAU tool and how to best utilize it
- Tips for common problem areas, like team mailboxes, functional/test users, etc
- Practical examples and best practices to implement right away
For the full video of this presentation, please visit: https://www.edge-ai-vision.com/2024/06/temporal-event-neural-networks-a-more-efficient-alternative-to-the-transformer-a-presentation-from-brainchip/
Chris Jones, Director of Product Management at BrainChip , presents the “Temporal Event Neural Networks: A More Efficient Alternative to the Transformer” tutorial at the May 2024 Embedded Vision Summit.
The expansion of AI services necessitates enhanced computational capabilities on edge devices. Temporal Event Neural Networks (TENNs), developed by BrainChip, represent a novel and highly efficient state-space network. TENNs demonstrate exceptional proficiency in handling multi-dimensional streaming data, facilitating advancements in object detection, action recognition, speech enhancement and language model/sequence generation. Through the utilization of polynomial-based continuous convolutions, TENNs streamline models, expedite training processes and significantly diminish memory requirements, achieving notable reductions of up to 50x in parameters and 5,000x in energy consumption compared to prevailing methodologies like transformers.
Integration with BrainChip’s Akida neuromorphic hardware IP further enhances TENNs’ capabilities, enabling the realization of highly capable, portable and passively cooled edge devices. This presentation delves into the technical innovations underlying TENNs, presents real-world benchmarks, and elucidates how this cutting-edge approach is positioned to revolutionize edge AI across diverse applications.
Driving Business Innovation: Latest Generative AI Advancements & Success StorySafe Software
Are you ready to revolutionize how you handle data? Join us for a webinar where we’ll bring you up to speed with the latest advancements in Generative AI technology and discover how leveraging FME with tools from giants like Google Gemini, Amazon, and Microsoft OpenAI can supercharge your workflow efficiency.
During the hour, we’ll take you through:
Guest Speaker Segment with Hannah Barrington: Dive into the world of dynamic real estate marketing with Hannah, the Marketing Manager at Workspace Group. Hear firsthand how their team generates engaging descriptions for thousands of office units by integrating diverse data sources—from PDF floorplans to web pages—using FME transformers, like OpenAIVisionConnector and AnthropicVisionConnector. This use case will show you how GenAI can streamline content creation for marketing across the board.
Ollama Use Case: Learn how Scenario Specialist Dmitri Bagh has utilized Ollama within FME to input data, create custom models, and enhance security protocols. This segment will include demos to illustrate the full capabilities of FME in AI-driven processes.
Custom AI Models: Discover how to leverage FME to build personalized AI models using your data. Whether it’s populating a model with local data for added security or integrating public AI tools, find out how FME facilitates a versatile and secure approach to AI.
We’ll wrap up with a live Q&A session where you can engage with our experts on your specific use cases, and learn more about optimizing your data workflows with AI.
This webinar is ideal for professionals seeking to harness the power of AI within their data management systems while ensuring high levels of customization and security. Whether you're a novice or an expert, gain actionable insights and strategies to elevate your data processes. Join us to see how FME and AI can revolutionize how you work with data!
Digital Banking in the Cloud: How Citizens Bank Unlocked Their MainframePrecisely
Inconsistent user experience and siloed data, high costs, and changing customer expectations – Citizens Bank was experiencing these challenges while it was attempting to deliver a superior digital banking experience for its clients. Its core banking applications run on the mainframe and Citizens was using legacy utilities to get the critical mainframe data to feed customer-facing channels, like call centers, web, and mobile. Ultimately, this led to higher operating costs (MIPS), delayed response times, and longer time to market.
Ever-changing customer expectations demand more modern digital experiences, and the bank needed to find a solution that could provide real-time data to its customer channels with low latency and operating costs. Join this session to learn how Citizens is leveraging Precisely to replicate mainframe data to its customer channels and deliver on their “modern digital bank” experiences.
In the realm of cybersecurity, offensive security practices act as a critical shield. By simulating real-world attacks in a controlled environment, these techniques expose vulnerabilities before malicious actors can exploit them. This proactive approach allows manufacturers to identify and fix weaknesses, significantly enhancing system security.
This presentation delves into the development of a system designed to mimic Galileo's Open Service signal using software-defined radio (SDR) technology. We'll begin with a foundational overview of both Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) and the intricacies of digital signal processing.
The presentation culminates in a live demonstration. We'll showcase the manipulation of Galileo's Open Service pilot signal, simulating an attack on various software and hardware systems. This practical demonstration serves to highlight the potential consequences of unaddressed vulnerabilities, emphasizing the importance of offensive security practices in safeguarding critical infrastructure.
Freshworks Rethinks NoSQL for Rapid Scaling & Cost-EfficiencyScyllaDB
Freshworks creates AI-boosted business software that helps employees work more efficiently and effectively. Managing data across multiple RDBMS and NoSQL databases was already a challenge at their current scale. To prepare for 10X growth, they knew it was time to rethink their database strategy. Learn how they architected a solution that would simplify scaling while keeping costs under control.
Skybuffer SAM4U tool for SAP license adoptionTatiana Kojar
Manage and optimize your license adoption and consumption with SAM4U, an SAP free customer software asset management tool.
SAM4U, an SAP complimentary software asset management tool for customers, delivers a detailed and well-structured overview of license inventory and usage with a user-friendly interface. We offer a hosted, cost-effective, and performance-optimized SAM4U setup in the Skybuffer Cloud environment. You retain ownership of the system and data, while we manage the ABAP 7.58 infrastructure, ensuring fixed Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) and exceptional services through the SAP Fiori interface.
Programming Foundation Models with DSPy - Meetup SlidesZilliz
Prompting language models is hard, while programming language models is easy. In this talk, I will discuss the state-of-the-art framework DSPy for programming foundation models with its powerful optimizers and runtime constraint system.
Conversational agents, or chatbots, are increasingly used to access all sorts of services using natural language. While open-domain chatbots - like ChatGPT - can converse on any topic, task-oriented chatbots - the focus of this paper - are designed for specific tasks, like booking a flight, obtaining customer support, or setting an appointment. Like any other software, task-oriented chatbots need to be properly tested, usually by defining and executing test scenarios (i.e., sequences of user-chatbot interactions). However, there is currently a lack of methods to quantify the completeness and strength of such test scenarios, which can lead to low-quality tests, and hence to buggy chatbots.
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Connector Corner: Seamlessly power UiPath Apps, GenAI with prebuilt connectorsDianaGray10
Join us to learn how UiPath Apps can directly and easily interact with prebuilt connectors via Integration Service--including Salesforce, ServiceNow, Open GenAI, and more.
The best part is you can achieve this without building a custom workflow! Say goodbye to the hassle of using separate automations to call APIs. By seamlessly integrating within App Studio, you can now easily streamline your workflow, while gaining direct access to our Connector Catalog of popular applications.
We’ll discuss and demo the benefits of UiPath Apps and connectors including:
Creating a compelling user experience for any software, without the limitations of APIs.
Accelerating the app creation process, saving time and effort
Enjoying high-performance CRUD (create, read, update, delete) operations, for
seamless data management.
Speakers:
Russell Alfeche, Technology Leader, RPA at qBotic and UiPath MVP
Charlie Greenberg, host
5th LF Energy Power Grid Model Meet-up SlidesDanBrown980551
5th Power Grid Model Meet-up
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Power Grid Model
The global energy transition is placing new and unprecedented demands on Distribution System Operators (DSOs). Alongside upgrades to grid capacity, processes such as digitization, capacity optimization, and congestion management are becoming vital for delivering reliable services.
Power Grid Model is an open source project from Linux Foundation Energy and provides a calculation engine that is increasingly essential for DSOs. It offers a standards-based foundation enabling real-time power systems analysis, simulations of electrical power grids, and sophisticated what-if analysis. In addition, it enables in-depth studies and analysis of the electrical power grid’s behavior and performance. This comprehensive model incorporates essential factors such as power generation capacity, electrical losses, voltage levels, power flows, and system stability.
Power Grid Model is currently being applied in a wide variety of use cases, including grid planning, expansion, reliability, and congestion studies. It can also help in analyzing the impact of renewable energy integration, assessing the effects of disturbances or faults, and developing strategies for grid control and optimization.
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Monitoring and Managing Anomaly Detection on OpenShift.pdfTosin Akinosho
Monitoring and Managing Anomaly Detection on OpenShift
Overview
Dive into the world of anomaly detection on edge devices with our comprehensive hands-on tutorial. This SlideShare presentation will guide you through the entire process, from data collection and model training to edge deployment and real-time monitoring. Perfect for those looking to implement robust anomaly detection systems on resource-constrained IoT/edge devices.
Key Topics Covered
1. Introduction to Anomaly Detection
- Understand the fundamentals of anomaly detection and its importance in identifying unusual behavior or failures in systems.
2. Understanding Edge (IoT)
- Learn about edge computing and IoT, and how they enable real-time data processing and decision-making at the source.
3. What is ArgoCD?
- Discover ArgoCD, a declarative, GitOps continuous delivery tool for Kubernetes, and its role in deploying applications on edge devices.
4. Deployment Using ArgoCD for Edge Devices
- Step-by-step guide on deploying anomaly detection models on edge devices using ArgoCD.
5. Introduction to Apache Kafka and S3
- Explore Apache Kafka for real-time data streaming and Amazon S3 for scalable storage solutions.
6. Viewing Kafka Messages in the Data Lake
- Learn how to view and analyze Kafka messages stored in a data lake for better insights.
7. What is Prometheus?
- Get to know Prometheus, an open-source monitoring and alerting toolkit, and its application in monitoring edge devices.
8. Monitoring Application Metrics with Prometheus
- Detailed instructions on setting up Prometheus to monitor the performance and health of your anomaly detection system.
9. What is Camel K?
- Introduction to Camel K, a lightweight integration framework built on Apache Camel, designed for Kubernetes.
10. Configuring Camel K Integrations for Data Pipelines
- Learn how to configure Camel K for seamless data pipeline integrations in your anomaly detection workflow.
11. What is a Jupyter Notebook?
- Overview of Jupyter Notebooks, an open-source web application for creating and sharing documents with live code, equations, visualizations, and narrative text.
12. Jupyter Notebooks with Code Examples
- Hands-on examples and code snippets in Jupyter Notebooks to help you implement and test anomaly detection models.
Have you ever been confused by the myriad of choices offered by AWS for hosting a website or an API?
Lambda, Elastic Beanstalk, Lightsail, Amplify, S3 (and more!) can each host websites + APIs. But which one should we choose?
Which one is cheapest? Which one is fastest? Which one will scale to meet our needs?
Join me in this session as we dive into each AWS hosting service to determine which one is best for your scenario and explain why!
Dandelion Hashtable: beyond billion requests per second on a commodity serverAntonios Katsarakis
This slide deck presents DLHT, a concurrent in-memory hashtable. Despite efforts to optimize hashtables, that go as far as sacrificing core functionality, state-of-the-art designs still incur multiple memory accesses per request and block request processing in three cases. First, most hashtables block while waiting for data to be retrieved from memory. Second, open-addressing designs, which represent the current state-of-the-art, either cannot free index slots on deletes or must block all requests to do so. Third, index resizes block every request until all objects are copied to the new index. Defying folklore wisdom, DLHT forgoes open-addressing and adopts a fully-featured and memory-aware closed-addressing design based on bounded cache-line-chaining. This design offers lock-free index operations and deletes that free slots instantly, (2) completes most requests with a single memory access, (3) utilizes software prefetching to hide memory latencies, and (4) employs a novel non-blocking and parallel resizing. In a commodity server and a memory-resident workload, DLHT surpasses 1.6B requests per second and provides 3.5x (12x) the throughput of the state-of-the-art closed-addressing (open-addressing) resizable hashtable on Gets (Deletes).
Biomedical Knowledge Graphs for Data Scientists and Bioinformaticians
Economic analysis of the impact of labour unionist activities on educational stability in nigerian universities
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Vol.2, No.9, 2011
Economic Analysis of the Impact of Labour Unionist Activities
on Educational Stability in Nigerian Universities
Stella I. Madueme and Glad Aneke
Dept. of Economics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka
Email: stellamadueme@gmail.com
chiekweaneke@yahoo.com
Abstract
This paper analyzes the Labour Unionist activities of Academic Staff Union of Nigerian Universities
(ASUU) and Senior Staff Association of Nigerian Universities (SSANU) in Nigerian Universities pre and
post year 2000. It presents total number and duration of strike activities and their impact on worker
productivity and educational stability in Nigerian Universities. Four null hypotheses were formulated to
guide the study. Time series data are collected through archival sources. These were presented in tables and
analyzed using t test statistics and regression analysis.. Results revealed that strike activities have been a
frequent occurrence in the Nigerian educational milieu. Significant differences were discovered to exist in
the duration and impact of strike activities by SSANU and ASUU pre and post year 2000. Principal
component analysis was also done to find out which of the causative strike factors were most pressing. It
was discovered that the most pressing ones were conflict between labour unions in Universities, poor
implementation of agreements by governments, patronage of university consultancy services by
governments and reduction of the role of JAMB in undergraduate admission. Some of the
recommendations include frequent dialogue between government, University administration and employers
and worker conditions of service be reviewed to match inflationary tendencies.
Keywords: Labour unionism, Strikes, Educational stability, Man hour loss
1. Theoretical issues
Labour unions have been in existence even before the industrial revolution. Their primary objectives have
been to improve the working conditions of members and protect them from employers’ exploitative
tendencies. The attitudes of the government towards such unions usually vary from indifference or
neutrality, diplomacy, tolerance, support and sometimes even direct confrontation. Negative response to
worker demands sometimes results in conflicts between the government and labour unions leading to
strikes with its attendant multifarious tendencies. This issue of strikes has been a cankerworm in the
Nigerian educational milieu for decades. A cursory look also at the history of relations between various
trade unions in tertiary institutions in Nigeria will reveal varying degrees of antagonisms. These have led to
frequent disruption of academic sessions with its multifarious attendant consequences.
Various researchers have worked on issues relating to strikes and educational instability. Onyeonoru (2004)
and Ogban (1997)worked on industrial conflicts in Nigerian universities. Their results in addition to the
works of Obasi (1991), ASUU (2000), Asobie (1996), Nwabueze (1995), Fatunde (2008) and Jega (1994)
noted that the causes of strikes in tertiary institutions include poor commitment of government in fulfilling
agreements, poor salaries and working conditions, university autonomy amidst others. Ade -Ajayi (2001)
attributed it to Federal Government compliance to World bank directives on tertiary institutions which led
to greater funding and commitment for lower levels of education. CODESRIA (2001) and Oloropoemia
(2001) in his work on underdevelopment of university education in Nigeria attributed it to poor funding.
The resultant effects according to Erinosho (2001) and Ade Ajayi (2001) are loss of academic sessions,
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distortions in university calendar, distraction in teaching and research, loss of professionalism, integrity and
credibility of the University system. Kazeem (2009) in his work on ASUU strike and the future of
education in Nigeria suggested a lasting solution to incessant strikes as the enthronement of a socialist
ideals in the Nigerian government.
A synthesis of the aforementioned works will reveal a conspicuous absence of works on trends in industrial
strikes in Nigerian university, its impact on educational stability and man hour loss which this work is
structured to tackle. Hence in line with this, the following research objectives are formulated to guide the
study:
2. Research objectives
The general research objective is to ascertain the impact of strikes on the stability of Nigerian University
educational system. Specifically the study seeks to :
1. Ascertain the trend of strikes by ASUU and SSANU in Nigerian universities from 1981 to
2009
2. Compare the trends of strikes by ASUU and SSANU in Nigerian universities pre and post
year 2000
3. Ascertain the impact of strikes on educational stability and total man hours lost
4. Ascertain the impact of various issues of grievances raised by both unions on frequency of
strikes and loss of man hours.
In line with the objectives the following null hypotheses are formulated to guide the study (p<0.05)
3. Research hypotheses
HO1: ASS-SSANU strikes have no significant impact on educational stability and loss of man
hours in Nigerian universities from 1981 to 2009
HO2: ASUU-SSANU strikes have no significant impact on educational stability in Nigerian
universities pre and post year 2000
HO3: Purported causative factors leading to strikes such as poor conditions of service,
university autonomy etc have no significant impact on frequency of strikes and man
hour loss
4. Delimitation of the study
The scope of the study was limited to studying the impact of strikes from 1981 to year 2009.The variables
of interest are frequency and duration of strikes, total man hour loss, purported causative agents of strikes
such as conflict between ASUU and SSANU, poor implementation of agreement by the federal
government, review of salaries and allowances, university autonomy, appointment of governing councils
and Vice Chancellors, accreditation standards, restructuring of NUC, funding, transfer of landed properties
to universities, government patronage to university consultancy and reduction of the role of JAMB in
undergraduate admission. Impact of strikes on man hour loss studied was with respect to eight hours of
work from 8am to 4pm. This scope is chosen because it is the period that maximum contact with students
and administrative duties are performed and also the period labour union officials monitor their members to
ensure strict compliance to strike conditions.
5. Methodology
Time series data was collected through archival sources from ASUU and SSANU striking circulars and
bulletins from 1981 to 2009. These provided information on frequency and duration of strikes, causes and
consequences of strikes in Nigerian universities. Data collected are presented in tables and analysed using
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inferential statistics with the aid of statistical soft-wares such as EXCEL, STATA and E-views. Data for
research questions one and two were analysed using graphs to show the trend in strikes in Nigerian
universities. The impact of strikes on educational stability, man hour loss which relate to research questions
three and four and all the hypotheses were analysed using regression analysis. The relative impact of
purported causative agents on frequency of strikes and loss of man hours was done using principal
component analysis. Data was lagged to one to improve the value of Durbin Watson statistics. Comparisons
done pre and post year 2000 were done using t test and analysis of variance. Unit root test was also done
using Augmented Dickey Fuller test to check the stationarity of data. Hence the purported causative factors
on strikes are modelled as
FS= f(CSS, PA, RS, RBA, UA,AGC,AVC,MNUC,MAS,RNUC,IF, TLP, GUC, RJA)
MHL =f(CSS, PA, RS, RBA, UA,AGC,AVC,MNUC,MAS,RNUC,IF, TLP, GUC, RJA)
where :
FS = frequency of strikes
MHL= Man hour loss
CSS=conflict between ASUU and SSANU
PA=Poor implementation of agreement by the federal government
RS= review of salaries
RBA= Review of benefits and allowances
UA= university autonomy
AGC= appointment of governing councils
AVC= Appointment of Vice Chancellors
MNUC= Minimum accreditation standards by NUC
RNUC= restructuring of NUC
IF= Improved funding
TLP= transfer of landed properties to universities
GUC= government patronage to university consultancy
RJA= reduction of the role of JAMB in undergraduate admission.
6. Data presentation and analysis
Data collected are presented in the following tables:
Data from table 3 shows that the Durbin Watson statistics is up to 2.0 hence the data is not spurious.
Results show that the t statistics is up to 2 and the probability value is 0.0000 which shows that the
individual parameter frequency of strikes is quite significant. The value of R squared is quite high at 0.99
which shows that frequency of strikes explains up to 99 percent of total man hour loss in the University
system. Hence this leads to the rejection of the first null hypothesis of the study that the strikes have no
significant impact on educational stability.
Data from table 4 shows that the variable of interest is significant. The Schwarz criterion value is more than
0.5 and the Akaike info criterion is more than 0.8 showing the adequacy of the model. Hence judging from
the probability value of 0.0000 and the value of the t statistics is high showing that the null hypothesis of
the study which states that there is no significant difference in the impact of strikes on educational stability
pre 2000 is rejected. 99 percent of instability and man hour loss pre 2000 can be attributed to frequent
strikes with the result of R squared which is 0.99 from table 4. With respect to data in table 5, the Durbin
Watson statistic value had to be improved through lagging. The probability value is 1.0000 hence the null
hypothesis which states that there is no significant difference in the impact of strikes on educational
stability is accepted. T-test and analysis of variances were done to confirm whether differences existed
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between values obtained pre and post year 2000. The values obtained for the t test is 0.297 and variance is
4.751 for Frequency of Strikes and for man hour loss, the t test result is 0.29 while the variance is
284236.5.The t table value for two tailed test at the probability level of 0.05 is 2.70 which is higher than the
calculated value of t hence it confirms the acceptance of the null hypothesis that significant differences
occurred pre and post year 2000. Strikes and man hour loss were more frequent pre 2000 than post 2000.
Data from table 6 shows that the model is significant as the Probability is 0.0000 and the Prob(F statistics is
less than 0.5 and the Durbin Watson is up to 2.0. Hence stationarity of data is assured.
Egarch was used to check the volatility of data. The values obtained show that the the study can be
modelled after garch 1 and 2 as their probability values are 0.0000 .The values obtained are presented as
follows in table 7
7. Trend analysis of strikes in Nigerian universities
The trends in strikes pre and post 2000 are presented in the following graphs
Data from Fig. 1 shows that the series is not evenly distributed as the Jaque Bera and Kurtosis values are
high hence the series is skewed. All the graphs also portray that strikes and man hour loss as a result have
been occurring frequently in Nigerian universities
Multiple regression analysis was done to know the relationship between the factors claimed to be causing
strikes using man hour loss as the dependent variable. The values obtained showed that the factors were all
significant in explaining the reason for the frequency of strikes and man hour loss. The probability value
obtained was 0.000 and the R squared value is 0.91 while the adjusted R squared value is 0.85 signifying
that the variables are responsible for explaining 91 percent of the reason for strikes in Nigerian universities.
Principal component analysis was further done to find out the factors that were more prominent in ASUU -
SSANU struggles which gave rise to various strikes over the years. Out of the factors studied which were
conflict between ASUU and SSANU over salary parity, Poor implementation of agreement by the federal
government, review of salaries, Review of benefits and allowances, university autonomy, appointment of
governing councils, Appointment of Vice Chancellors, Minimum accreditation standards by NUC,
restructuring of NUC, Improved funding, transfer of landed properties to universities, government
patronage to university consultancy and reduction of the role of JAMB in undergraduate admission only
four factors were discovered to have significant values. These factors are conflict between labour unions in
Universities, poor implementation of agreements by governments, patronage of university consultancy
services by governments and reduction of the role of JAMB in undergraduate admission.
8. Conclusion and Policy implications
This paper has tried to review the impact of ASUU and SSANU strikes on educational stability and man
hour loss in Nigerian Universities. Four null hypotheses guided the study and data was analysed using t test
and regression analysis etc. Results revealed that strike activities have been a frequent occurrence in the
Nigerian universities. Significant differences were discovered to exist in the duration and impact of strike
activities by SANU and ASUU pre and post year 2000. The most prominent factors causing strikes and loss
of man hours in Nigerian universities were conflict between labour unions in Universities, poor
implementation of agreements by governments, patronage of university consultancy services by
governments and reduction of the role of JAMB in undergraduate admission. Some of the
recommendations to combat strikes by labour unions include frequent dialogue between government,
University administration and employers, improved commitment of government to abide by its agreements
with labour unions, improved funding and greater autonomy to universities, and worker conditions of
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service to be reviewed regularly to match inflationary tendencies.
REFERENCES
Ade, A. J.E (2001), “Path to sustainability of Higher Education in Nigeria”, The Nigerian Social
Scientist 4(2) 2-11
Asobie, J (1996), “Conflict resolution and human rights”, A case study approach Ibadan ASUU.
ASUU, (2000), “Breech of agreement reached between FGN and ASUU on October 26 1999”, A plea to
interest. Nigeria: ASUU.
CODESRIA, (2001), “Conflict resolution in higher education in a globalising Africa”, The case of rural
authority leadership integrity in management of Universities. CODESRIA
Bulletin 3 and 4 2001 17-22.
Eri, N. L (2002), “A ray of hope for Nigerian Universities”, The Nigerian Social Scientist
4(1)1.
Fatunde, T (2008), “Academic union threatens indefinite strike”, University World news
Issue 0029
Jeja, A. M. (1994), “Nigerian academics under military rule”, Stockholm: University of
Stockholm.
Kazeem, O. (2009), “ASUU strikes and the gloomy future of education in Nigeria”, International Marxist
tendency. www.indefenceofmarxism.com
Nwabueze, B. (1991), “Crisis & problems in education in My Ibadan”: Spectrum works.
Obasi, I. (1991), “ASUU Govt conflict in xxxxx”, An investigation into the roots, characteristics and
management of ASUU strikes, Ph.D thesis. Dept. of Political Science, University of Nigeria,
Nsukka
Ogban, I.(1997), “Institutional conflict order and management”, The case of Nigerian
universities from 1960 to 1996. Paper presented at International Political science
association world congress 17-21 Seoul Korea.
Olopoenia, A. (2001), “Underdevelopment of University education in Nigeria”, A political
economy perspective. Annals of social science academy of Nigeria(13)147.
Onyeonoru, F. (2004), “Industrial conflict in Nigerian Universities”, The presence of the past
and the thrust of the future. National scholar April 2-12
Table One: Strikes in Nigerian Tertiary Institutions from 1981 to 2009
Year Duration (in months) Man hour lost
1981 2 480
1988 2 480
1992 3 720
1993 4 1060
1996 6 1440
1999 3 720
2001 6 1440
2003 6 1440
2007 4 1060
2009 5 1200
Table Two: Causes of Strikes in Nigerian Universities from 1981 to 2009
No Causes Response(%)
1 Conflict between ASUU, SSANU on salary parity 50
2 Poor implementation of agreement by federal government 81
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3 Review of salaries 90
4 Review of fringe benefits and allowances 71
5 Increased university autonomy 82
6 Appointment of governing councils 61
7 Appointment of Vice-Chancellors 57
8 Modification of NUC roles in universities 72
9 Minimum standards of accreditation to be handled by universities 84
10 Restructuring of NUC 79
11 Improved level of funding 85
12 Transfer of landed properties to universities 66
13 Government patronage to university consultancy 83
14 Reduction of JAMB’s role in admission 53
Table 3: Regression results on impact of strikes on educational stability(man hour loss)
Dependent Variable: MHL
Method: Least Squares
Date: 08/09/10 Time: 13:40
Sample: 1981 2009
Included observations: 29
Variable Coefficient Std. Error t-Statistic Prob.
FS 244.6073 1.950469 125.4095 0.0000
R-squared 0.997444 Mean dependent var 346.8966
Adjusted R-squared 0.997444 S.D. dependent var 533.1383
S.E. of regression 26.95602 Akaike info criterion 9.460164
Sum squared resid 20345.55 Schwarz criterion 9.507312
Log likelihood -136.1724 Durbin-Watson stat 2.080575
Table 4: Regression results for impact of strikes on educational stability pre 2000
Dependent Variable: MHL
Method: Least Squares
Date: 08/09/10 Time: 13:54
Sample: 1981 2000
Included observations: 20
Variable Coefficient Std. Error t-Statistic Prob.
FS 245.1282 2.315925 105.8446 0.0000
R-squared 0.997725 Mean dependent var 245.0000
Adjusted R-squared 0.997725 S.D. dependent var 428.8479
S.E. of regression 20.45369 Akaike info criterion 8.922911
Sum squared resid 7948.718 Schwarz criterion 8.972697
Log likelihood -88.22911 Durbin-Watson stat 2.294458
Table 5: Regression results for impact of strikes on educational stability post 2000
Dependent Variable: MHL
Method: Least Squares
Date: 08/09/10 Time: 13:59
Sample(adjusted): 2000 2008
Included observations: 9 after adjusting endpoints
Variable Coefficient Std. Error t-Statistic Prob.
FS(1) 0.000000 76.66731 0.000000 1.0000
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R-squared -0.487903 Mean dependent var 440.0000
Adjusted R-squared -0.487903 S.D. dependent var 668.1317
S.E. of regression 814.9847 Akaike info criterion 16.34865
Sum squared resid 5313600. Schwarz criterion 16.37057
Log likelihood -72.56895 Durbin-Watson stat 2.000000
Table 6: Results of Unit root test
ADF Test Statistic -6.524982 1% Critical Value* -3.7076
5% Critical Value -2.9798
10% Critical Value -2.6290
*MacKinnon critical values for rejection of hypothesis of a unit root.
Augmented Dickey-Fuller Test Equation
Dependent Variable: D(MHL,2)
Method: Least Squares
Date: 08/09/10 Time: 14:19
Sample(adjusted): 1984 2009
Included observations: 26 after adjusting endpoints
Variable Coefficient Std. Error t-Statistic Prob.
D(MHL(-1)) -2.328892 0.356919 -6.524982 0.0000
D(MHL(-1),2) 0.384511 0.199285 1.929455 0.0661
C 55.02717 123.1790 0.446725 0.6593
R-squared 0.855627 Mean dependent var 46.15385
Adjusted R-squared 0.843072 S.D. dependent var 1584.422
S.E. of regression 627.6543 Akaike info criterion 15.83002
Sum squared resid 9060847. Schwarz criterion 15.97519
Log likelihood -202.7903 F-statistic 68.15457
Durbin-Watson stat 2.253037 Prob(F-statistic) 0.000000
Table 7: Results of EGARCH
Dependent Variable: MHL
Method: ML – ARCH
Date: 08/09/10 Time: 14:31
Sample: 1981 2009
Included observations: 29
Convergence achieved after 13 iterations
Coefficient Std. Error z-Statistic Prob.
FS 240.6993 0.141129 1705.524 0.0000
Variance Equation
C 4.421482 0.156839 28.19117 0.0000
|RES|/SQR[GARCH](1) -3.081939 0.395082 -7.800763 0.0000
RES/SQR[GARCH](1) 0.550851 0.378062 1.457036 0.1451
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|RES|/SQR[GARCH](2) -3.847014 0.628742 -6.118589 0.0000
RES/SQR[GARCH](2) 3.163235 0.402845 7.852248 0.0000
EGARCH(1) 0.719191 0.072469 9.924064 0.0000
EGARCH(2) -0.399615 0.061174 -6.532435 0.0000
R-squared 0.997077 Mean dependent var 346.8966
Adjusted R-squared 0.996103 S.D. dependent var 533.1383
S.E. of regression 33.28282 Akaike info criterion 5.592889
Sum squared resid 23262.67 Schwarz criterion 5.970074
Log likelihood -73.09689 Durbin-Watson stat 2.016922
20
Series: FS
Sample 1981 2009
Observations 29
15
Mean 1.413793
Median 0.000000
Maximum 6.000000
10
Minimum 0.000000
Std. Dev. 2.179732
Skewness 1.139902
5 Kurtosis 2.737880
Jarque-Bera 6.363338
Probability 0.041516
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Fig. 1: Trends in frequency of strikes from 1981 t0 2009
8
6
4
2
0
82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 00
FS
Fig.2: Trends in frequency of strikes before year 2000
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8
6
4
2
0
00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09
FS
¶
Fig.2: Trends in frequency of strikes after year 2000
1600
1200
800
400
0
85 90 95 00 05
MHL
Fig.2: Trends in man hour loss due to strikes from 1981 to 2009
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