This document summarizes a study that examined whether graduates from the Public Authority for Applied Education and Training (PAAE&T) in Kuwait met the requirements of local employers. The study found that there was a need to strengthen the link between PAAE&T programs and industry needs. Students and industry stakeholders felt that curricula needed updating and that instructors required better training. The study concluded that developing a clear strategy involving industry could help ensure graduates have the necessary skills and knowledge to meet market demands.
Industrial Attachment challenges: Lessons drawn from Gweru Polytechnic Colleg...inventionjournals
The study sought to establish challenges attachees face during industrial attachment. The examination of this topic was prompted by criticism of polytechnic graduates by employers for being improperly trained. The students on the other hand, lay the blame on industrial training environment. Solutions to the problems shall be used to improve industrial training so as to achieve human capital development. The researcher used open ended questionnaires, focus groups and interviews as data collection methods. Purposive sampling was used to select participants of the study in line with quantitative and qualitative research approaches used in data analysis. The participants were lecturers, students and workplace supervisors in Gweru city. The results of the study were thematically analysed. It emerged from the empirical findings of the study that shortage of attachment places, financial problems, inadequate training, inappropriate areadeployment and issues of student sexual harassment were challenges noted. This study recommended that adequate resources be mobilised towards student attachment and the colleges to have project establishments to help in relieving attachment places. There is also need to develop partnership with industry to easy placement of students, and to deploy attachees under supervision of qualified and experienced mentors. Furthermore, there is need for support from the government, private sector and other stakeholders
Industry Partners’ feedback on the OJT performance of Bachelor of Science in ...IJAEMSJORNAL
This study determined the feedback of trainers/supervisors regarding the respondents’ personal, interpersonal and technical understanding skills in their on-the-job training (OJT) program using descriptive research design. The respondents of the study were 156 BSIT students enrolled in the OJT Program during the 2nd Semester of A.Y. 2018–2019 at Nueva Ecija University of Science Technology, San Isidro Campus. The findings of the study have shown that the students were excellent in numerous personal skills. Likewise, they were very good in most of their technical understanding skills which are hard skills in the field of Information Technology. Still, there were areas in which students’ performance need enhancement. Due to this, the researchers proposed a plan of action as an intervention to improve the program that would later result in the improvement of the students’ performance in their OJT.
Life Science Students’ Expectations on the Importance and Impact of Education...Adela Banciu
The aim of the study was to determine the students' expectations before and after MSc and teachers' perception of the educational process from the perspective of developing
employment opportunities.
Industrial Attachment challenges: Lessons drawn from Gweru Polytechnic Colleg...inventionjournals
The study sought to establish challenges attachees face during industrial attachment. The examination of this topic was prompted by criticism of polytechnic graduates by employers for being improperly trained. The students on the other hand, lay the blame on industrial training environment. Solutions to the problems shall be used to improve industrial training so as to achieve human capital development. The researcher used open ended questionnaires, focus groups and interviews as data collection methods. Purposive sampling was used to select participants of the study in line with quantitative and qualitative research approaches used in data analysis. The participants were lecturers, students and workplace supervisors in Gweru city. The results of the study were thematically analysed. It emerged from the empirical findings of the study that shortage of attachment places, financial problems, inadequate training, inappropriate areadeployment and issues of student sexual harassment were challenges noted. This study recommended that adequate resources be mobilised towards student attachment and the colleges to have project establishments to help in relieving attachment places. There is also need to develop partnership with industry to easy placement of students, and to deploy attachees under supervision of qualified and experienced mentors. Furthermore, there is need for support from the government, private sector and other stakeholders
Industry Partners’ feedback on the OJT performance of Bachelor of Science in ...IJAEMSJORNAL
This study determined the feedback of trainers/supervisors regarding the respondents’ personal, interpersonal and technical understanding skills in their on-the-job training (OJT) program using descriptive research design. The respondents of the study were 156 BSIT students enrolled in the OJT Program during the 2nd Semester of A.Y. 2018–2019 at Nueva Ecija University of Science Technology, San Isidro Campus. The findings of the study have shown that the students were excellent in numerous personal skills. Likewise, they were very good in most of their technical understanding skills which are hard skills in the field of Information Technology. Still, there were areas in which students’ performance need enhancement. Due to this, the researchers proposed a plan of action as an intervention to improve the program that would later result in the improvement of the students’ performance in their OJT.
Life Science Students’ Expectations on the Importance and Impact of Education...Adela Banciu
The aim of the study was to determine the students' expectations before and after MSc and teachers' perception of the educational process from the perspective of developing
employment opportunities.
ARE THE SERVICES DELIVERED EMPLOYABLE? A SCENARIO OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION IN ...IAEME Publication
Purpose
One of the most appalling challenges in India is persistently rising unemployment, explicitly in
the rural region. More than 20% of Indian youth between the ages of 15 and 24 years are “seeking
or available for work,” as per 2011 census data. There will be no peace and prosperity in the
country unless jobless people get appropriate channel. In India deficiency of skills is among the
main constraints for recruitment of Technical Education. Productivity of Technical Education in
not entirely absorbed due to lack of skills required by the employers. Along with the ample
arguments, taking place in recent times, regarding reformation in the productivity of Technical
Education, this present study syndicates focus on services delivered and its impact on employability
skills. The objective of this paper is to find out whether Technical Education institutes in rural part
are keen to focus on the employability skills? The paper also focuses on distinguished skills
required by the employer for recruitment. The study also emphases on the services offered by the
Institutes and their correlation on skills development.
Design methodology
A qualitative research survey through a structured questionnaire for the students who are
studying or have recently completed their Technical Education affiliated to the North Maharashtra
University, Jalgaon was conducted which is situated in rural part of India.
Findings
The study discusses umpteen employability skills and explains how embedding services of
technical education are correlated to the growth and development of employability skills. The study
finds that these services results in comprehensive and cohesiveness of employability skills.
Research limitations
The survey is delimited to the Technical Education belonging to North Maharashtra University,
Jalgaon and located in rural of India.
Industry Based Vocational Higher Education Management Model (IVHEMM) On Engin...AM Publications
Industrial participation in an educational development remains low. This case caused by the absence of clear and detailed provisions of the Government about industrial involvement in the development of vocational higher education. There are several factors that influence the success of a cooperation program in vocational higher education with industry, such as : discrepancy of competency which is produced by higher education with the needs of industry, the lack of industry concern on education, the implementation of quality culture, the application of ICT technology, poor attitude of entrepreneurs, and the work of higher education which do not have commercial value. The research objective is to develop a vocational higher education management model on engineering industry. Preliminary studies conducted at several vocational universities namely Semarang State Polytechnic, ATMI Polytechnic, Bandung Manufacture Polytechnic, Ceper Manufacture Polytechnic and Academy of PIKA. The method of this research apply R & D (Research and Development) with the phases of conducting some preliminary research, developing and testing the product of vocational higher education management model research on engineering industry. Results of the research formulate vocational higher education management model on engineering and guidebooks. The novelty of this study is the importance of improving management performance in vocational higher education. The factors that influence the performance improvement of vocational education management are (1) the level of better industrial relations; (2) the application of quality culture in vocational higher education, (3) strategic technological adaptation to the environment, and (4) the improvement of the quality of education through the implementation of Total Quality Management Education.
Downcast Enrollments: A Desperate Need of Holistic Marketing for Technical Ed...Prashant Mahajan
Modern history has shown that only those countries, which could acquire capability to develop and apply science and technology, have found great success to grow their wealth and improve living conditions of their population. Technical education in India contributes a major share to the overall education system and plays a vital role in the social and economic development of the nation. There is a rapid growth of technical education in last decade in terms of the no. of institutes and intake capacity in India, however, institutes failed to attract enrollments which observed noticeable gap in between the actual no. of enrollments and intake capacity. In the year 2015-16, 46% of seats were vacant in Technical Education in India. The purpose of this paper is to highlight holistic marketing approach with promotion mix on diversified enrollments to motivate enrollments in selecting institute of Technical education.
Applying Educational Technology to Higher Education in Vietnam Opportunities ...ijtsrd
Industry 4.0 is happening at a very fast pace, with many impacts on Vietnamese education, both advantages and disadvantages. Therefore, big programs such as investing in modern infrastructure, information technology and communication training people who are dynamic, independent, creative, capable of integrating well to start their businesses are becoming urgent requirements to develop countries. In particular, training labor force to meet the requirements of development and integration of the society is at the heart of development strategies that every country must pay attention to. Therefore, higher education is more and more focused and improved in Vietnam these days. This paper discusses educational technology that has been applied in Dong Nai Technology University DNTU , which is known as one of prestigious universities in the south of Vietnam. It is expected that innovations in educational technology would facilitate students to develop themselves and make a great contribution of human resources to the society although those innovations have brought opportunities and challenges to Vietnamese universities in general and to DNTU in particular. The authors also propose recommendations to Vietnamese policy makers in terms of higher education. Huynh Nhu Yen Nhi "Applying Educational Technology to Higher Education in Vietnam: Opportunities and Challenges" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-2 , February 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38387.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/38387/applying-educational-technology-to-higher-education-in-vietnam-opportunities-and-challenges/huynh-nhu-yen-nhi
Measures for Improving Undergraduate Engineering Education: An Emperical Stu...theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
This paper empirically investigates the influence of functional clues as a strategy
of customer experience management on
context of higher education in Nigeria. The basic purpose of
examine if the application of marketing strategies can be applied by higher institutions
in order to satisfy their student and turn them to advocate of their brands/service. To
achieve this objective, a total of 215 copies of the question
engineering student of a private university adjudged to be the best in
stage sampling techniques were employed in this study.
Regression CATREG analysis, the study found that functional clues
influence on engineering student
study therefore recommended among other things that the university management
should adopt customer experience management as a strategy to build studen
and also concentrate their efforts on the improvement of functional clues by focusing
more on the development of the competences of their lecturers and implement the
strategy in order to gain repeat patronage of their students
Children spend more of their waking hours with their teachers than with their parents, so it's vital to consider the relationship between the most important adults in your child's life. Teachers can teach more effectively and children learn better when there is healthy communication between the home and the classroom.
Education World Global ECE Conference Workshops.
Workshop 3: “I know what’s best for the child”: The Art of Effective Parent Communication, 22 January 2016.
Get tips to deal your child positively and get importance of attending parent teacher meeting and how you be involved in their education. Get free tips and guidance.
Schools and teachers want to develop partnership with parents. Strong communication is fundamental to this partnership. So, teachers must continue to develop and expand skills required to build a strong partnership.
American Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development is indexed, refereed and peer-reviewed journal, which is designed to publish research articles.
Teaching Method in Building Construction Programme and the Development of Stu...ijtsrd
Technical High Schools in Cameroon are agencies that aim at empowering students with vocational skills that will enable them to be self employed and boost socio economic development. This study was to look at the influence of teaching method as a component of building construction programme on the development of students’ vocational skills in technical high schools in Cameroon. The study used the cross sectional descriptive survey research design in a concurrent triangulation mixed method approach, and targeted five technical high schools in Fako Division and four in the Wouri division. The sample was made up of 83 teachers and 268 students. The data collection instruments were questionnaires for teachers and students and an observation guide for teachers in the flame of classroom activities. Quantitative data were entered using EpiData Version 3.1 and analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences SPSS Standard version, Release 21.0. The questionnaire was made of categorical variables and data were analysed using counting techniques namely frequency and proportions while Multiple Responses Analysis was used to aggregate score within conceptual components. Spearman’s Rho correlation test supported by Binary Logistic Regression was used to appraise the predictive power of teaching method on students’ acquisition of vocational skills. The findings unfold that teachers and students had almost the same appreciation of teaching methods P=0.313 , though teachers to a very high extent 78.3 perceived the adequacy of teaching method more than students 72.7 . Though in their majority they agreed of the proper implementation, this was below the critical cut point for strong lexicography for effective implementation of 80 . However, this deviation was not significant for teachers 2=0.04 df=1 P=0.849 unlike for students 2=3.73 df=1 P=0.049 . This therefore implies that if teachers perceived an effective implementation of teaching methods, this was the case with the students. With respect to the acquisition of vocational skills, teachers and students had almost the same appreciation P=0.146 . In their majority, they agreed though below the critical cut point for strong lexicography for effective implementation of 80 . However, this deviation was not significant for teachers 2=1.19 df=1 P=0.276 and for students 2=0.40 df=1 P=0.526 . This therefore implies that teachers and students perceived the acquisition of vocational skills to be effective. There was a significant positive correlation between the practiced of the recommended teaching methods and acquisition of vocational skills by students R=0.826 P=0.000 . This was supported by Binary Logistic Regression that depicted that the overall Explanatory Power for the Integrated Value Mapping IVM of the conceptual component ‘teaching method’ was 18.4 and was very significant P=0.000 . Among the four sub components of teaching methods, namely explicit teaching, interactive demonstration method, cooperat
ARE THE SERVICES DELIVERED EMPLOYABLE? A SCENARIO OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION IN ...IAEME Publication
Purpose
One of the most appalling challenges in India is persistently rising unemployment, explicitly in
the rural region. More than 20% of Indian youth between the ages of 15 and 24 years are “seeking
or available for work,” as per 2011 census data. There will be no peace and prosperity in the
country unless jobless people get appropriate channel. In India deficiency of skills is among the
main constraints for recruitment of Technical Education. Productivity of Technical Education in
not entirely absorbed due to lack of skills required by the employers. Along with the ample
arguments, taking place in recent times, regarding reformation in the productivity of Technical
Education, this present study syndicates focus on services delivered and its impact on employability
skills. The objective of this paper is to find out whether Technical Education institutes in rural part
are keen to focus on the employability skills? The paper also focuses on distinguished skills
required by the employer for recruitment. The study also emphases on the services offered by the
Institutes and their correlation on skills development.
Design methodology
A qualitative research survey through a structured questionnaire for the students who are
studying or have recently completed their Technical Education affiliated to the North Maharashtra
University, Jalgaon was conducted which is situated in rural part of India.
Findings
The study discusses umpteen employability skills and explains how embedding services of
technical education are correlated to the growth and development of employability skills. The study
finds that these services results in comprehensive and cohesiveness of employability skills.
Research limitations
The survey is delimited to the Technical Education belonging to North Maharashtra University,
Jalgaon and located in rural of India.
Industry Based Vocational Higher Education Management Model (IVHEMM) On Engin...AM Publications
Industrial participation in an educational development remains low. This case caused by the absence of clear and detailed provisions of the Government about industrial involvement in the development of vocational higher education. There are several factors that influence the success of a cooperation program in vocational higher education with industry, such as : discrepancy of competency which is produced by higher education with the needs of industry, the lack of industry concern on education, the implementation of quality culture, the application of ICT technology, poor attitude of entrepreneurs, and the work of higher education which do not have commercial value. The research objective is to develop a vocational higher education management model on engineering industry. Preliminary studies conducted at several vocational universities namely Semarang State Polytechnic, ATMI Polytechnic, Bandung Manufacture Polytechnic, Ceper Manufacture Polytechnic and Academy of PIKA. The method of this research apply R & D (Research and Development) with the phases of conducting some preliminary research, developing and testing the product of vocational higher education management model research on engineering industry. Results of the research formulate vocational higher education management model on engineering and guidebooks. The novelty of this study is the importance of improving management performance in vocational higher education. The factors that influence the performance improvement of vocational education management are (1) the level of better industrial relations; (2) the application of quality culture in vocational higher education, (3) strategic technological adaptation to the environment, and (4) the improvement of the quality of education through the implementation of Total Quality Management Education.
Downcast Enrollments: A Desperate Need of Holistic Marketing for Technical Ed...Prashant Mahajan
Modern history has shown that only those countries, which could acquire capability to develop and apply science and technology, have found great success to grow their wealth and improve living conditions of their population. Technical education in India contributes a major share to the overall education system and plays a vital role in the social and economic development of the nation. There is a rapid growth of technical education in last decade in terms of the no. of institutes and intake capacity in India, however, institutes failed to attract enrollments which observed noticeable gap in between the actual no. of enrollments and intake capacity. In the year 2015-16, 46% of seats were vacant in Technical Education in India. The purpose of this paper is to highlight holistic marketing approach with promotion mix on diversified enrollments to motivate enrollments in selecting institute of Technical education.
Applying Educational Technology to Higher Education in Vietnam Opportunities ...ijtsrd
Industry 4.0 is happening at a very fast pace, with many impacts on Vietnamese education, both advantages and disadvantages. Therefore, big programs such as investing in modern infrastructure, information technology and communication training people who are dynamic, independent, creative, capable of integrating well to start their businesses are becoming urgent requirements to develop countries. In particular, training labor force to meet the requirements of development and integration of the society is at the heart of development strategies that every country must pay attention to. Therefore, higher education is more and more focused and improved in Vietnam these days. This paper discusses educational technology that has been applied in Dong Nai Technology University DNTU , which is known as one of prestigious universities in the south of Vietnam. It is expected that innovations in educational technology would facilitate students to develop themselves and make a great contribution of human resources to the society although those innovations have brought opportunities and challenges to Vietnamese universities in general and to DNTU in particular. The authors also propose recommendations to Vietnamese policy makers in terms of higher education. Huynh Nhu Yen Nhi "Applying Educational Technology to Higher Education in Vietnam: Opportunities and Challenges" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-2 , February 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38387.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/38387/applying-educational-technology-to-higher-education-in-vietnam-opportunities-and-challenges/huynh-nhu-yen-nhi
Measures for Improving Undergraduate Engineering Education: An Emperical Stu...theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
This paper empirically investigates the influence of functional clues as a strategy
of customer experience management on
context of higher education in Nigeria. The basic purpose of
examine if the application of marketing strategies can be applied by higher institutions
in order to satisfy their student and turn them to advocate of their brands/service. To
achieve this objective, a total of 215 copies of the question
engineering student of a private university adjudged to be the best in
stage sampling techniques were employed in this study.
Regression CATREG analysis, the study found that functional clues
influence on engineering student
study therefore recommended among other things that the university management
should adopt customer experience management as a strategy to build studen
and also concentrate their efforts on the improvement of functional clues by focusing
more on the development of the competences of their lecturers and implement the
strategy in order to gain repeat patronage of their students
Children spend more of their waking hours with their teachers than with their parents, so it's vital to consider the relationship between the most important adults in your child's life. Teachers can teach more effectively and children learn better when there is healthy communication between the home and the classroom.
Education World Global ECE Conference Workshops.
Workshop 3: “I know what’s best for the child”: The Art of Effective Parent Communication, 22 January 2016.
Get tips to deal your child positively and get importance of attending parent teacher meeting and how you be involved in their education. Get free tips and guidance.
Schools and teachers want to develop partnership with parents. Strong communication is fundamental to this partnership. So, teachers must continue to develop and expand skills required to build a strong partnership.
American Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development is indexed, refereed and peer-reviewed journal, which is designed to publish research articles.
Teaching Method in Building Construction Programme and the Development of Stu...ijtsrd
Technical High Schools in Cameroon are agencies that aim at empowering students with vocational skills that will enable them to be self employed and boost socio economic development. This study was to look at the influence of teaching method as a component of building construction programme on the development of students’ vocational skills in technical high schools in Cameroon. The study used the cross sectional descriptive survey research design in a concurrent triangulation mixed method approach, and targeted five technical high schools in Fako Division and four in the Wouri division. The sample was made up of 83 teachers and 268 students. The data collection instruments were questionnaires for teachers and students and an observation guide for teachers in the flame of classroom activities. Quantitative data were entered using EpiData Version 3.1 and analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences SPSS Standard version, Release 21.0. The questionnaire was made of categorical variables and data were analysed using counting techniques namely frequency and proportions while Multiple Responses Analysis was used to aggregate score within conceptual components. Spearman’s Rho correlation test supported by Binary Logistic Regression was used to appraise the predictive power of teaching method on students’ acquisition of vocational skills. The findings unfold that teachers and students had almost the same appreciation of teaching methods P=0.313 , though teachers to a very high extent 78.3 perceived the adequacy of teaching method more than students 72.7 . Though in their majority they agreed of the proper implementation, this was below the critical cut point for strong lexicography for effective implementation of 80 . However, this deviation was not significant for teachers 2=0.04 df=1 P=0.849 unlike for students 2=3.73 df=1 P=0.049 . This therefore implies that if teachers perceived an effective implementation of teaching methods, this was the case with the students. With respect to the acquisition of vocational skills, teachers and students had almost the same appreciation P=0.146 . In their majority, they agreed though below the critical cut point for strong lexicography for effective implementation of 80 . However, this deviation was not significant for teachers 2=1.19 df=1 P=0.276 and for students 2=0.40 df=1 P=0.526 . This therefore implies that teachers and students perceived the acquisition of vocational skills to be effective. There was a significant positive correlation between the practiced of the recommended teaching methods and acquisition of vocational skills by students R=0.826 P=0.000 . This was supported by Binary Logistic Regression that depicted that the overall Explanatory Power for the Integrated Value Mapping IVM of the conceptual component ‘teaching method’ was 18.4 and was very significant P=0.000 . Among the four sub components of teaching methods, namely explicit teaching, interactive demonstration method, cooperat
Influence of Type of Courses Offered on Enrolment to Technical Vocational Edu...ijtsrd
Vocational Education and Training VET is considered as the best solution to improve opportunities of youth who have limited resources, skills or motivation to enable them to continue pursuing higher education Lerman, 2018 . TVET develops professional skills in youth with basic knowledge and scientific principles Billet, 2011 . This prepares youth for both formal employment and self employment. To promote self employment, TVETs curricula usually include entrepreneurship, agricultural science, home economics, hospitality and tourism related courses for social reproduction and the transformation of vocational practices Maclean and Wilson, 2009 . It is there important to understand what type of courses are offered in vocational training centres and it influence on enrolment to TVET. The study adopted Education Production Function Theory which suggests that an increase in enrolment to TVET is dependent on the inputs such as the type of course offered. The scope of the study was 28 County Vocational Training Centers with 161 trainers and 2931 trainees. Stratified random sampling was used in sampling out the 15 VTCs across Trans Nzoia County. Purposive sampling was used to sample VTC heads and director while simple random sampling was used to obtain trainers and trainees. The sample size had 464 respondents 1 VTC director, 15 head of VTCs, 108 trainers and 340 trainees. Questionnaires and interview guide was used to collect data. Jane Barasa | Matui Saleh Nawaji "Influence of Type of Courses Offered on Enrolment to Technical Vocational Education and Training in Trans Nzoia County, Kenya" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-4 , June 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd50083.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/organizational-behaviour/50083/influence-of-type-of-courses-offered-on-enrolment-to-technical-vocational-education-and-training-in-trans-nzoia-county-kenya/jane-barasa
Linking Professional Business Education with Job Performance and career progr...Dr. Syed Kashan Ali Shah
A published research paper on Linking Professional Business Education with Job Performance and career progression: A stakeholder satisfaction perspective
Exploring Factors Affecting the Success of TVET-Industry Partnership: A Case ...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study was to explore factors affecting the success of TVET-industry
partnerships. A case study design of the qualitative research method was used to achieve this objective. For the
study, one polytechnic college of Oromia regional state, and two industries were purposively selected. From the
sample polytechnic college and industries, a total of 17 sample respondents were selected. Out of 17
respondents, 10 respondents were selected using the snowball sampling method, and the rest 7 respondents were
selected using the purposive sampling technique. The qualitative data were collected through an in-depth
interview and document analysis. The data were analyzed using thematic approaches. The findings revealed that
TVET-industry partnerships were found weak. Lack of key stakeholder‟s awareness shortage of improved
training equipment and machines in polytechnic colleges, absence of trainee health insurance policy, lack of
incentive mechanisms for private industries, lack of employer industries involvement in designing and
developing occupational standards, and preparation of curriculum were some of the impediments of TVETindustry partnership. Based on the findings it was recommended that the Oromia TVET bureau in collaboration
with other relevant concerned regional authorities and TVET colleges, set new strategies for creating strong
awareness for industries, companies, and other relevant stakeholders on the purpose and advantages of
implementing successful TVET-industry partnership. Finally, the Oromia regional government in collaboration
with the TVET bureau needs to create policy-supported incentive strategies such as giving occasional privileges
of duty-free import, tax reduction, and regional government recognition awards based on the level of partnership
contribution to TVET institutions in promoting TVET-industry partnership.
KEY WORDS: employability skills, industries, and partnership
EMPLOYABILITY OF BA-ECONOMICS GRADUATES: A TRACER STUDYAJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT : The study aimed to evaluate the employability of the graduates of the Bachelor of Arts in
Economics of Surigao del Sur State University – Tandag Campus from 2011 to 2016. Specifically, the
conducted study was administered in the municipalities of Surigao del Sur during the academic year 2016 -
2017. This study used the simple frequency, percentage, ranking, weighted mean and modal value to determine
the employability of the graduates under study. The respondents of this study were the BA – Economics
graduates from 2011 to 2016. Out of 107 total graduates, 84graduates answered the questionnaire. Majority of
them were single and located in the City of Tandag. Most of the respondents were male who graduated in school
year 2010 – 2011. Noted that among the 18 multiple responses of the respondents were receiving first job’s
gross monthly earnings of less than 10,000 and those who were locally employed answered that their present
employment is still their job after graduation.
ARE THE SERVICES DELIVERED EMPLOYABLE? A SCENARIO OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION IN R...Prashant Mahajan
One of the most appalling challenges in India is persistently rising unemployment, explicitly in
the rural region. More than 20% of Indian youth between the ages of 15 and 24 years are “seeking
or available for work,” as per 2011 census data. There will be no peace and prosperity in the
country unless jobless people get appropriate channel. In India deficiency of skills is among the
main constraints for recruitment of Technical Education. Productivity of Technical Education in
not entirely absorbed due to lack of skills required by the employers. Along with the ample
arguments, taking place in recent times, regarding reformation in the productivity of Technical
Education, this present study syndicates focus on services delivered and its impact on employability
skills. The objective of this paper is to find out whether Technical Education institutes in rural part
are keen to focus on the employability skills? The paper also focuses on distinguished skills
required by the employer for recruitment. The study also emphases on the services offered by the
Institutes and their correlation on skills development.
Sivakumaran, thillainatarajan hiring agents’ expectations for new teacher por...William Kritsonis
Dr. William Allan Kritsonis, PhD - Editor-in-Chief, NATIONAL FORUM JOURNALS (Established 1982). Dr. Kritsonis earned his PhD from The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa; M.Ed., Seattle Pacific University; Seattle, Washington; BA Central Washington University, Ellensburg, Washington. He was also named as the Distinguished Alumnus for the College of Education and Professional Studies at Central Washington University.
Sivakumaran, thillainatarajan hiring agents' expectations for new teacher por...William Kritsonis
NATIONAL FORUM JOURNALS (Founded 1982 (www.nationalforum.com) is a group of national and international refereed journals. NFJ publishes articles on colleges, universities and schools; management, business and administration; academic scholarship, multicultural issues; schooling; special education; counseling and addiction, international issues; education; organizational theory and behavior; educational leadership and supervision; action and applied research; teacher education; race, gender, society; public school law; philosophy and history; psychology, and much more. Dr. William Allan Kritsonis, Editor-in-Chief.
STUDENTS E-READINESS IN INSTITUTIONS OF THE ROYAL COMMISSION IN JUBAILijait
Information and communication technologies (ICTs) provide a rich integrated educational environment, which capable of changing the lives of students. The purpose of this research paper is to investigating ereadiness of the students in the affiliate Institutions of the Royal Commission in Jubail, and whether their experience in using ICTs influences their judgement towards ICTs, and whether their judgement and experience toward ICTs influence their use of ICTs or not. Survey methodology is facilitated through the use of the questionnaires. Survey domain is a random sampling of studentsin Institutions of the Royal Commission of Jubail. With a 95% confidence level of a possible sample frame of 669, the study sampled 1032 respondents (15%). Results showed that students’judgement towards ICTs is highly positive, which reflect their e-readiness and willingness to use ICTs, but the analysis showed that the experience with ICTs did not significantly predict students’judgement about ICTs use. It was discovered that the following set of ICTs requires the most attention in the future adoption planning by the Royal Commission for its three affiliate Higher education institutions (HEIs): “Blackboard”, “smart devices”, “e-bulletin boards”, and “e-materials”. This set of ICTs receives the least scores of use and experience responses from study participants.The result of this study provides valuable insights into students’ e-readiness. This information may be used to develop and support factors that enhance strategies for adopting ICTs by students.
STUDENTS E-READINESS IN INSTITUTIONS OF THE ROYAL COMMISSION IN JUBAILijait
Information and communication technologies (ICTs) provide a rich integrated educational environment, which capable of changing the lives of students. The purpose of this research paper is to investigating ereadiness of the students in the affiliate Institutions of the Royal Commission in Jubail, and whether their experience in using ICTs influences their judgement towards ICTs, and whether their judgement and experience toward ICTs influence their use of ICTs or not. Survey methodology is facilitated through the use of the questionnaires. Survey domain is a random sampling of studentsin Institutions of the Royal Commission of Jubail. With a 95% confidence level of a possible sample frame of 669, the study sampled 1032 respondents (15%). Results showed that students’judgement towards ICTs is highly positive, which reflect their e-readiness and willingness to use ICTs, but the analysis showed that the experience with ICTs did not significantly predict students’judgement about ICTs use. It was discovered that the following set of ICTs requires the most attention in the future adoption planning by the Royal Commission for its three affiliate Higher education institutions (HEIs): “Blackboard”, “smart devices”, “e-bulletin boards”, and “e-materials”. This set of ICTs receives the least scores of use and experience responses from study participants.The result of this study provides valuable insights into students’ e-readiness. This information may be used to develop and support factors that enhance strategies for adopting ICTs by students.
The study was carried out at national centre for agricultural mechanization (ncam) ilorin kwara state, nigeria. The data on siwes students used was compiled for the period 2011 to 2015 of planning monitoring and evaluation department of the centre. Results from the study revealed that from the 2011 – 2015 the polytechnics recorded the highest of statistical mean of 44.60 and universities has 32.00 there is a very strong significant difference of 0.00 between the tertiary institutions (polytechnics, universities, college of education and federal training centre). The study also revealed that more of engineering students came for siwes program then science and social science with a very high significant difference of 0.01. No much significant difference between female and male students. The statistical mean for duration of 6 months and 1 year is the highest North central has the highest mean of 63.40 followed by south west is 11.20, north west has 1.80, north east has 1.60 while south south has none (0.00). Implying that only students from the tertiary institutions within the proximity of geo – political zone where ncam is sited came for their siwes programme at the national centre for agricultural mechanization.
This tracer study determined the employment status
of BS Computer Science
Graduates of LPU from 2004-2009. It also assessed t
he relevance of BSCS curricula,
knowledge, skills and work values acquired by the g
raduates relevant to their
employment; identify the personal and professional
characteristics and job placement
of Computer Science graduates and the school relate
d factors associated with their
employment. The findings of the study served as the
basis of the researcher to
improve, update or enhance the curricula of BSCS pr
ogram to make this more
responsive to the needs of fast changing technology
.
There were 85 percent of the surveyed respondents w
ho were gainfully employed;
majority have professional, technical and superviso
ry position, landed on their first
job related to their course completed, obtained the
ir first jobs in less than 1 year;
stayed in their first job more than 1 year, career
challenge, salaries and benefits are
the prime reasons for changing the job and lack of
work experience is the number 1
problem they encountered when looking for a job.
Information Technology and communication skills dev
eloped by LPU were
considered very much useful to the present work of
the respondents. Work related
values like love for God, supportiveness, courage,
tolerance and perseverance were
also deemed very much useful to the present employm
ent of the respondents. The
proposed program of the study focused on academic d
evelopment, employment
opportunity and enhancing leadership capability of
Computer Science graduates.
It is strongly recommended that the graduating stud
ents before graduation must be
given ample time to experience pre – employment exa
minations and interviews.
Faculty development trainings must be given to the
faculty members teaching
professional subjects. As to general Education Subj
ects, Mathematics and Language
subjects must also be strengthened. All Offices and
Departments must continue to
improve their services towards the attainment of ma
ximum customer satisfaction.
Are graduates from the public authority for applied education and training in kuwaiti meeting industrial requirements
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Are Graduates from the Public Authority for Applied Education
and Training in Kuwaiti Meeting Industrial Requirements?
Salah Al-Ali
Professor, College of Technological,Studies Kuwait, P.O. Box 261 Al-Surra, Post Code 45703, Kuwait
drsalali@yahoo.com
Abstract
This paper examined those factors that had a direct impact on the quality of graduates from the Public Authority
of Applied Education and Training (PAAE&T) in Kuwait. The study also report the degree to which the
graduates met the requirements of local employers. The study consisted of: a review of the literature; a
questionnaire given to a sample of students in selected departments; interviews with department heads at the
PAAE&T; deans of related colleges and institutions; deans of industrial liaison offices in the selected sample of
the PAAE&T; and supervisors in industry who have direct contact with prospective PAAE&T graduates; and
employed graduates. This paper concluded that there was a need to develop a proper labour strategy to ensure
that graduates from PAAE&T are equipped with the required knowledge, skills and attitudes to meet industry
and business needs.
Keywords: Vocational and technical Education, developing Indigenous Manpower, Interaction between
vocational and technical education and local industries and business, Kuwait.
1 Introduction
The importance of vocational and technical education in supplying the market place with skilled and semi-skilled
manpower has been well documented in the literature. (Besnoy, et. Al. 2013, Dixon and Brown, 2012, Retallich
and Miller 2010). The studies on vocational and technical education have tackled the importance of delivering
quality in vocational education through total quality management, upgrading the standard of graduates as clients
and satisfying customer requirements. The interaction between vocational and technical education and
workplaces is considered highly significant in development and refinement of competencies, attitudes, and
knowledge through formal and informal teaching methods and techniques. In fact, learning in vocational
education and workplace are considered the main components of vocational and technical education (Schaap &
Baartman & Bruijn 2011). Vocational education and workplace are seen as the most significant learning
environment in order to acquire and integrate those knowledge, skills, and attitudes that meet the interest of both
parties. (Gulikers et. Al, 2008) However, It is common that students would experience some difficulties relating
to the integrating of knowledge, skills, and attitudes (Barrtman and De Bruijin, 2011), since vocational
institutions are primarily based on the rationales of learning and theory, while workplaces are based on the
rationales of real working and practice. (Schaap, et. al. 2011)
In most developing countries, especially in the Gulf States, the need for skilled and semi-skilled national workers
is the highest government priority in national human resource development. In the Gulf States, expatriates form
58% of the total workforce. In the United Arab Emirates and Qatar, expatriates form 87% of the total workforce,
followed by Kuwait at 69%, and Bahrain at 49%. Saudi Arabia and Oman are the only countries in the Gulf
States with a clear majority of national labour, with nationals representing 73% and 70% of the total workforce,
respectively (Centre for Middle East Commercial Information, 2011). In fact, the World Bank report has
classified Kuwait as having the fourth smallest ratio of national to expatriate workers in the world. However,
Kuwait is currently one of the top countries in terms of financial transfer to expatriates’ countries of origin
(AlRai Newspaper, Kuwait, 2010), which implies a wide gap between national labour and expatriates in Kuwait
and other Gulf States. The domination of expatriates is visible in most sectors, especially manufacturing,
construction, transportation, storage, communications, financial insurance, real estate and business services. The
variation of national labour and expatriates is also noted in occupational groups. In 2008, there were 22,825 non-
Kuwaitis amongst medical and science technicians, compared to 7,028 Kuwaitis, 120,438 non-Kuwaitis in the
production sector, compared to 8,986 Kuwaitis and 24,313 non-Kuwaiti engineers, compared to 6,741 Kuwaitis
(Annual Statistical Abstract 2009).
As a result, education policymakers and politicians in the Gulf States have focused on partnerships between
vocational and technical institutions and local industries and business to reduce dependence on expatriates,
particularly in the sectors that are most important for the national economy (e.g., oil, electricity and water, and
finance). Closing the gap between such institutions and related industries and businesses as much as possible will
ensure that students are well prepared for their careers. A common belief is that employers must play a vital role
in the training and education of future indigenous labour. This role can manifest itself in various activities,
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including pre-apprenticeship, joint seminars, joint research, the involvement of employers in forming future
workforce strategies and plans, curriculum development, selecting and testing machines, safety and health
procedures and regulation in workshops. In fact, the literature indicates that what is being taught in the classroom
is quite different from what is being practiced in real life (Muskin, 1997; Tabron and Yang 1997). As a result,
most developing countries seem reluctant to employ indigenous labour, preferring to rely on expatriates.
Teachers have been somewhat isolated from technology as it is applied in certain industries, which is negatively
reflected in the quality of the curriculum, teaching methods, research and development, and the standard of staff
competency. Wash, Lovedahl, and Paige (2000) argued that for fruitful change to occur in the classroom,
“…teachers need access to information concerning current practices and trends” (p. 45). Lambeth, Elliot, and
Joerger (2008) identify the professional development of teachers as part of the national career and technical
education (CTE) research agenda. However, they indicate that it is much more difficult to identify the training
that is most appropriate and most needed by local industries and business.
In Kuwait, the Public Authority for Applied Education and Training (PAAE&T) has been established to respond
to the urgent need for skilled and semi-skilled national labour. The PAAE&T consists of the College of
Technological Studies, the College of Business Studies, the College of Business Education, the College of Health
Service, the High Institute of Energy, the Sabah Al-Salem and Shweekh branches of the Industrial Training
Institute, the Institute of Nursing, and the Higher Institute for Communications and Navigation. Special efforts
were made to identify those factors that significantly shape students’ knowledge, skills and attitudes and to
measure employer’s perceptions of the standard of PAAE&T graduates.
2 Research Objectives
The research objectives of this study were to examine the following:
1. Students' perception at the College of technological Studies to various academic activities.
2. Students' perception at the College of Health Science, College of Nursing, and High Institute of Energy
towards those factors that have direct impact on shaping students knowledge, skills and attitudes.
3. Discussions & Conclusion.
3. Research Methodology
The study employed a mixed method approach (Cresswell, 2011). This included a quantitative survey that
provided a large number of responses to specific questions and a series of interviews that allowed for the
collection of detailed qualitative data. Three data collection methods were used in this research: a literature
review, a structured questionnaire and a personal interview. The examined factors include whether students
selected the PAAE&T as their first choice, student perceptions of the standard of teaching and learning, student
perceptions of the curriculum quality (theory vs. practice), the quality of machines and tools in workshops, the
effectiveness of industrial training programmes, the degree of industrial involvement in shaping student
competence, and the quality of libraries and whether they met student expectations. A questionnaire was
designed, tested and distributed to 1600 students at the PAAE&T with 1069 completed. This number represents
an 67% response rate. The high response rate was achieved by administering the questionnaire at a time that was
convenient to the students, being immediately after a class. The questionnaire targeted first year students, and the
results were then compared to final year students. The distribution of questionnaires is shown in Table 1.
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Table 1: Distribution of Questionnaires at the PAAE&T
Name of PAAE&T
College /Institutes
Selected Major Selected Sectors Distribution of Questionnaires in PAAE&T
First Year Final Year
Male Female Male Female
College of
Technological Studies
Electrical,
Petroleum,
Manufacturing,
Mechanical,
Production,
Electronic &
Computer,
Chemical, Applied
Science.
Kuwait Oil
Company,
Kuwait
Petrochemical
Industry, Kuwait
Fleet Oil,
Kuwait National
Petroleum
Company,
Ministry of
Electricity &
Water, Three
national banks
82181 185173
College of Health
Science
Nursing,
Environmental
Studies, Nutrition,
6126 4425
College of Nursing Nursing, Medical
Reports,
1913 4019
High Institute of
Energy
034 078
Institute of Nursing Nursing 320 580
Total (1069) 194245 327294
Personal interviews were conducted with the heads of the selected departments within the investigated colleges
and institutions. For example, at the College of Technological Studies, meetings were carried out with the heads
of production engineering, electrical engineering, petroleum engineering, and electronic engineering. The main
objective was to obtain an inside view of the most important factors determining the quality of PAAE&T
graduates and to evaluate whether graduates from PAAE&T are well equipped with the necessary knowledge,
skills and attitudes. Several issues were discussed, such as curriculum development, connection to related
industry and business, staff competence, the evaluation system, and the quality of workshops. The research was
also expanded to include meeting with heads of industrial training programmes in the selected colleges and
institutions to evaluate the effectiveness of such programmes in enriching student competence. The issues raised
include the length of the industrial training programme, student attitudes, the evaluation system, collaboration
with a employment sector, and obstacles (if any) facing suppliers (PAAE&T) and employers. The deans of the
selected colleges and institutions were also interviewed to identify and examine the colleges’ and institutes’
overall plans (if any) for providing employers with skilled and semi-skilled Kuwaiti labour and to pinpoint any
obstacles hindering the achievement of such an aim. The investigated areas include whether the employers of
PAAE&T gradates and the departments involved in selecting colleges and institutions participated in setting,
implementing and evaluating the plan; whether the plan considered an overall national labour plan; the degree of
success in achieving the plan’s objectives; the sufficiency of the allocated resources; and obstacles in
implementing the plan.
Personal interviews were also conducted with supervisors in the employment sectors who were in direct contact
with PAAE&T trainees and graduates. Several aspects were investigated, such as the following: effectiveness
and efficiency of the industrial training programme; students’ knowledge, skills, attitudes, and problem-solving
ability; the number of PAAE&T who drop out after working in a related industry; degree of collaboration
between students and PAAE&T staff; students’ awareness of safety and health rules and procedures; students’
hours worked; students’ communication skills; and whether students met overall employment requirements.
4 Research Findings
4.1 Measuring the standard of Curriculum
Vocational education has its own unique characteristics but it can be considered useless if it fails to provide
industry and business with the required level of knowledge, skills, and attitudes. The success or failure of VET
institutes would certainly be judged on the quality of their final product, which must meet and satisfy, to a degree,
the standards set by industry and business. There was overall agreement among those interviewed (65% of
selected staff) that the current curriculum in the DPE and CTS needs extensive review and assessment to ensure
the embodiment of knowledge, skills, and attitudes required by local industry and business. There was also a
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common belief that industry and business must play a significant role in curriculum development. According to
the Dean Assistant of Academic Affairs, serious and sincere action is now being taken in the CTS to review and
update the status of the curriculum in all specialisations. Selected students also voiced complain regarding the
standard of curriculum, since 67% have noted the need to up-date curriculum to meet industrial needs.
Industrialists were found isolated from taking an active role in reviewing, up-dating and evaluating the current
and future curriculum. As a result, 45% of the selected students have revealed that what is being taught in class is
differ from the real working place. Thus industry has to retrain students to enrich their knowledge, skills and
attitudes regarding the type of technology that is being applied in their premises.
4.2 Measuring the Status of Links between the CTS and Local Industry
Vocational instructors will not be able to satisfy industrial needs unless they have a positive attitude towards
meeting with industrialists to agree on the standard of required knowledge, skills and attitudes. Instructors’
attitudes will not evolve positively unless the management of VET appreciates the role of instructors in the
organisation. The majority of the interviewed instructors (55%) in the CTS agree with selected industrialist that
the CTS is not able to prepare students with the required knowledge, skills and attitudes needed by industry. The
findings of this research revealed that the only method of collaboration between the DPE and selected industry is
through industrial training programmes and this was confirmed by 75% of the selected staff. Interviewed
industrialists (Oil Sector, Electricity and Water Power Stations, Ministry of Health) were concerned about the
quality of graduates from the CTS in particular, and the CTS in general.
4.3 Measuring the Availability of an Evaluating Scheme for Instructors'Competencies
It is a management responsibility to ensure that instructors are well equipped with the necessary competencies so
that knowledge, skills, and attitudes can be successfully transferred to students. It is also a management
responsibility to establish an evaluation of competencies scheme that can identify and examine the current and
future competencies required by industry. It is thus, through close monitoring and reviewing of instructors'
competencies, the Departments at the College of Technological Studies can achieve their objectives, particularly
those dealing with supplying industry with Kuwaiti skilled and semi-skilled manpower. However, the findings
revealed another weakness when no attempt was made by the college management to establish an evaluation
scheme for determining the level of instructors' competencies before employment at the college. Instructors'
competencies can be assessed through a questionnaire during the course, through which a sample of students
evaluate their instructors in accordance with a list of competencies. Again, industry was excluded from giving
feedback in relation to whether the college instructors have the necessary skills for undertaking industrial
training programmes. Skills such as instructors' attitudes towards student involvement in industrial activities,
solving problems, motivating students, and methods of improving learning are strongly needed to succeed in
satisfying, to some extent, industrial requirements. Selected industries showed a positive willingness to
collaborate with the CTS in determine the area's most needed to collaborate in order to satisfy both parties.
Industries, particularly at the Oil Sector and Electricity and water Power Station ager to take an active role in
shaping and developing instructors competences. As a senior engineering in Doha Power station stated "We will
not hesitate to help in up-grading the standard of PAAE&T graduates, nor to collaborate with our colleagues at
the concern colleges and institutions".
4.4 Health and Safety Strategy
As in any organisation, regardless of its size, ownership and activities, the health and safety strategy must be
clearly defined, so that every member of the organisation is well aware of its contents and applications. In fact,
in most organisations, employees undertake obligatory orientation seminars or courses to ensure that they all
understand health and safety aspects related to their work environment.
Surprisingly, neither the College of Technological Studies educational philosophy nor its four objectives mention
health and safety policy or procedures. “The College of Technological Studies established an educational
philosophy in order to achieve a strategic national objective: that is, to involve the Kuwaiti people in building a
productive future for Kuwait. The role of the college is to design and offer study programs, to develop the
graduate with executive capabilities and grant academic credentials from vocational licences to scientific
degrees”. (College of Technological Studies Bulletin, 1997-98). This unsatisfactory situation presents a barrier to
creating a safe and healthy work environment for instructors, students, managerial staff, and visitors. The
absence of a health and safety strategy in the CTS and the PAAE&T has significantly influenced the morale of
instructors and students. Despite constant exposure to danger from mechanical machines, flammable and
chemical materials, and pollution in workshops and laboratories, no sincere attempts have been made to
safeguard the lives of instructors and students. 75% of the selected students at the College of Technological
Studies confirmed the lack of proper health and safety apparatus, 55% of the total students criticised the lack of
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health and safety information in workshops and laboratories, 45% of the total students who felt unsafe to work
with machines and tools due to lack of health and safety procedures.
4.5 Measuring Students' perception towards Academic Standard and Facilities.
In the College of Health Sciences, 85% of the selected students approved of the clarity of course objectives.
However, they had split views on the up-to-date nature of the applied curriculum (60%), the ability of academic
staff to deliver required knowledge and skills (58%), the participation of industry in teaching at the college
(54%), the availability of up-to-date machines and tools (45%), the suitability of the number of machines and
tools in relation to the number of students (49%), the ability to practice on related machines and tools (53%), the
availability of raw materials (57%), the use of safety and health procedures (57%), the availability of recent
books at the library (52%), the suitability of the duration of industrial training programmes (41%), the suitability
of the evaluation system (51%), the availability of the right environment in the employment sector (46%), and
the use of technology in the transfer of knowledge and skills to students (60%). Surprisingly, only 30% of the
selected students agreed that the percentage of practical cases in curriculum exceeds the theoretical part. In
addition, only 36% of the selected students agreed that the industrial training programme has enriched their
knowledge and skills.
In the College of Nursing, only 65% of the selected students agreed that practical cases were the majority in their
curriculum. In fact, 55% of the students agreed that lecturers used real cases studies in teaching, and 59% felt the
curriculum was up-to-date, while 88% felt the use of medical apparatuses was up-to-date. The number of
medical apparatuses in relation to the number of students was 59%, only 56% of the selected students confirm
the ability to use medical apparatuses in their teaching class. Approval of the availability of medical materials
was 55%, application of safety and health rules and procedure was 64%, and availability of recent books in the
library was 66%, while 75% of the students agreed that the industrial training programmes had given them the
required knowledge and skills and provided them the proper learning environment in the employment sector
(50%). Students had a clear idea of the course objectives of the industrial training programmes (70%) and
approved of the use of technology by the academic staff in teaching (70%). With respect to the Institute of
Nursing, the findings seem to differ from those noted at the College of Nursing. Students have noted the lack of
practical cases in the curriculum (76%), the lack of use of real case studies in teaching (65%), the absence of
recent books and references at the library (70%), the inability of academic lecturers to transfer the needed
knowledge and skills (55%), the unavailability of recent books and notes in teaching (55%), the lack of up-to
date machines and tools (62%), the unavailability of the right number of machines and tools in relation to the
number of students (64%), their inability to use medical apparatus in teaching (79%), the lack of safety and
health rules and procedures (60%), the insufficiency of the duration of industrial training programmes (55%), the
inability of industry training programmes in enriching students’ knowledge and skills (60%), and an
inappropriate working environment in the employment sector (60%).
In terms of the High Institute of Energy, the majority of students approved of the use of practical cases rather
than theoretical ones (74%), the use of current cases in the employment sector (79%), the up-to-date nature of
the applied curriculum (82%), the ability of lecturers to transfer the required knowledge and skills (74%), the
availability of up-to date machines and tools (87%), the availability of the right machines and tools in relation to
the numbers of students (82%), the availability of raw materials (77%), the application of safety and health rules
and procedures in workshops (75%), the effectiveness of industrial training programmes in enhancing students’
knowledge and skills (72%), the suitability of the duration of industrial training programmes (85%), and the use
of technology in teaching (67%). Students complained, however, about the level of collaboration from the
employment sector in providing the appropriate working environment for learning (64%).
4.6 Measuring local perceptions of the standard of PAAE&T graduates.
Local industry perceptions of the standard of PAAE&T graduates is summarised in Table 2.
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Table 2: Industry perceptions of the standard of PAAE&T graduates (weighted mean) and description.
Competencies Ministry of Oil Ministry of Electricity & Water Ministry of
Health
Attending work on time 1 2 2
Work Initiative 1 2 2
Work responsibility 2 2 2
Respecting direct supervisor 2 2 2
Relation with colleagues 2 2 2
Ability to work long hours 2 2 2
Ability to work outdoor 2 2 2
Work sincerely 1 2 2
Ability to solve work problems 1 2 2
Innovative with work 1 2 2
Applying health and safety procedures 2 1 2
Level of knowledge 2 1 2
Level of skills 1 1 2
Ability to handle machines 1 1 1
Ability to handle tools 1 1 1
Work perfection 1 1 2
English skills 1 1 1
Legend: Mean Level Description
5 – above Excellent
4 – 5 Very Good
3 – 4 Good
2 – 3 Poor
1- 2 Very Poor
5. Discussion and Conclusions
Vocational education has its own unique characteristics but it can be considered useless if it fails to provide
industry and business with the required level of knowledge, skills, and attitudes. The success or failure of VET
institutes would certainly be judged on the quality of their final product, which must meet and satisfy, to a degree,
the standards set by industry and business. Therefore, it is crucial for those who are managing such institutes to
absorb the purpose and objectives of vocational education. It is also imperative that instructors should possess
the full understanding, commitment, and capacity necessary to be able to transfer the required skills to students.
Indeed, any management philosophy adopted by VET would have a significant impact on the effectiveness and
efficiency of the performance of instructors.
There was overall agreement amongst those interviewed that the current curriculum in the PAAE&T needs
extensive review and assessment to ensure the embodiment of knowledge, skills, and attitudes required by local
industry and business. There was also a common belief that industry and business must play a significant role in
curriculum development. It is worth mentioning that most of the current curriculum in PAAE&T is considered
out of date. Selected students and interviewees indicated that theory and practice in the PAAE&T were not
integrated as they are in industry. The research showed no sign of a sincere attempt to consult related industry
and business in reviewing and developing the PAAE&T curriculum. In fact, local industry and business were
excluded from taking any part in forming and upgrading the curriculum to meet employer’s requirements.
Therefore, the PAAE&T and industrialists continue to exchange criticism and blame for neglecting to establish
proper links. This situation has been worsened by constant changes in technology in related sectors. As a result,
the PAAE&T graduates have been rated “below the expected standard” and must, therefore, undergo extensive
retraining to meet the standards of the workplace.
As for academic staff competencies, it is the responsibility of management to ensure that instructors are well
equipped with the necessary competencies so that knowledge, skills, and attitudes can be successfully transferred
to students. It is also a management responsibility to establish an evaluation of competencies scheme that can
identify the current and future competencies required by industry. The issue of evaluating instructor competence
was raised to the related industry, and the response confirmed the lack of interest from the PAAE&T to
collaborate in this area. In fact, industry was excluded from giving feedback regarding whether the PAAE&T
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instructors have the necessary skills for undertaking industrial training programmes. Skills such as instructor
attitudes towards student involvement in industrial activities, solving problems, motivating students, and
methods for improvements in learning are strongly needed to succeed in satisfying industrial requirements.
Additional essential requirements include the enhancement of instructor competencies before and during their
employment at PAAE&T, constant review, monitoring and developing instructor competence and student skills,
encouraging industrial visits and lectures in PAAE&T, upgrading the standard of laboratories and workshops,
and applying health and safety rules and procedures to instructors, students, managerial staff and visitors to
ensure a healthy and safe learning environment. Surprisingly, the findings of this research show that the
PAAE&T has neither a health nor a safety policy, unlike similar institutions in the U.K. Department heads must
develop a departmental health and safety policy that is complementary to institutional policy to ensure the safety
of their instructors, students, managerial staff, and visitors. They must also ensure that instructors and students
understand all aspects of the health and safety policy, particularly those dealing with chemicals, machines, and
exposure to pollution, noise, and radiation.
It is evident from this research that even the industrial training programmes have not achieved the expected
objectives for several reasons: lack of a positive attitude, avoidance of outdoor work for long hours, keeping a
low profile in the employment sector, low desire to learn and be exposed to the reality of one’s future job, and
relying on prewritten reports to present at the end of one’s industrial training programme. Various initiatives to
extend the scale of collaboration with related industry and business have been announced, but no action has yet
been taken to implement such vital initiatives.
The issue of negative attitudes amongst PAAE&T graduates was raised in all of the personal interviews
conducted in the employment sectors. These interviews suggest that PAAE&T graduates lack the necessary
knowledge and skills required by the employment sectors. However, the problem also includes the issue of
behaviours. The bulk of PAAE&T graduates avoid working in the field that they were trained for and are eager
to transfer to another job. In fact, even those who stay at their jobs rely on non-Kuwaitis to accomplish the
assigned work. The Kuwaiti civil service office guarantees a job for all Kuwaitis regardless of their work
performance. The issue of negative attitudes of PAAE&T graduates must be taken seriously by PAAE&T top
management if the Kuwaiti government is serious about reducing dependency on expatriates.
Dialogue between vocational educators, related industry and business, and governmental labour representatives
must be encouraged. One implication of such dialogue would be an agreement on standards that would define
and promote required skills. It would also contribute to developing relevant curricula for vocational courses and
determine the appropriate skills required by vocational instructors, thus forming guidelines for both vocational
institutions and industry and business so that they may achieve their objectives and contribute to the long-term
national labour plan. It would also encourage a positive attitude amongst PAAE&T graduates could apply
throughout their studies in certain programs at their colleges and institutions and provide incentive for their
assigned work. If it fails to do so, Kuwait will continue to depend on expatriates for years to come.
It is a management responsibility to ensure that instructors are well equipped with the necessary competencies so
that knowledge, skills, and attitudes can be successfully transferred to students. It is also a management
responsibility to establish an evaluation of competencies scheme that can identify and examine the current and
future competencies required by industry. It is thus, through close monitoring and reviewing of instructors'
competencies can achieve their objectives, particularly those dealing with supplying industry with Kuwaiti
skilled and semi-skilled manpower.
References
AlRai Newspaper (2010), Kuwait, 16 November, Issue, No. 11460. First page.
Baartman, L. K. J., & De Bruijn, E. (2011). Integrating knowledge, skills and attitudes: Conceptualizing learning
processes towards vocational competence. Educational Research Review, 6, 125–134.
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Harmen Schaap, Liesbeth Baartman, Elly de Bruijn, (2011) Students’ Learning Processes during School-Based
Learning and Workplace Learning in Vocational Education: A Review, Vocations and Learning Studies in
Vocational and Professional Education, 10.1007/s12186-011-9069-2.
Gulikers, J. T. M., Bastiaens, T. J., Kirschner, P. A., & Kester, L. (2008). Authenticity is in the eye of the
beholder: Student and teacher perceptions of assessment. Journal of Vocational Education and Training, 60,
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Kevin Besnoy, Kimberly Clayton–Code, Mary Whitman (Spring 2013), "Developing College and Career
Readiness through the Man Up! Men's Leadership Summit", Journal of Career and Technical Education, Volume
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role can primary schooling play? International Journal of Educational Development, 17: 265 – 283.
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education teachers' professional development and receptivity to change. Journal of Industrial Teacher Education,
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