This document analyzes the impact of labor union strikes by ASUU and SSANU on educational stability in Nigerian universities from 1981 to 2009. It finds that strikes have frequently disrupted academics. There were significant differences found in the duration and impact of strikes pre- and post-2000. Regression analysis revealed that strikes significantly impacted educational stability and man hour loss. The most pressing strike factors identified were conflicts between unions, poor government agreement implementation, and issues with university funding and autonomy. Recommendations include more frequent government-union dialogue and reviewing working conditions in line with inflation.
Economic analysis of the impact of labour unionist activities on educational ...Alexander Decker
This document analyzes the impact of labor union activities, specifically strikes by the Academic Staff Union of Nigerian Universities (ASUU) and Senior Staff Association of Nigerian Universities (SSANU), on educational stability in Nigerian universities from 1981 to 2009. It finds that strikes have frequently disrupted the educational system. Statistical analysis shows that the duration and impact of strikes differed significantly before and after 2000. The most pressing factors contributing to strikes were found to be conflicts between unions, poor government implementation of agreements, issues around university consultancy services and admissions policies. Recommendations include more frequent dialogue between all stakeholders and updating worker compensation to match inflation.
SOPHIE reviews on Employment: a) Part-time employment, working conditions, he...sophieproject
Here we present two reviews on Employment. First is a systematic review on Part-time employment, working conditions, health and gender in Europe (authored by Agència Salut Pública de Barcelona team). Second one is a realist review on employment protection legislation impacts on temporary employment (authored by GREDS-EMCONET research team).
Psychosocial Factors which Influence College Student’s Academic PathwayINFOGAIN PUBLICATION
This research purpose is to identify psychosocial factors, which influence students decision for academic field. In this research there were used motivational questionnaire (identifying respondent’s portrait), Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale, Academic Motivation Scale (AMS) and Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ). These instruments were applied on a sample of 170 students of both sexes from the faculties located in Bucharest. The data are introduced and operationalized with the Microsoft Excel (2007) and Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (IBM SPSS Statistics, v.20). The research results identifies that family, personal skills influenced students’ academic filed. Also, it show that high self-esteem is correlated with high academic motivation and high motivation for earning. This is also confirmed by other studies where high self-esteem and strength is an important factor in the prediction of academic achievement in students (Mohammad, A. 2010).
How does hotel employees’ satisfaction with the organization’s COVID-19 respo...Nghiên Cứu Định Lượng
Bài nghiên cứu của thành viên Trung tâm Nghiên cứu Định lượng tham gia trong dự án về Covid-19
This research examines the role of hotel employees’ satisfaction with their organization’s COVID-19 responses in reducing their perceived job insecurity (PJI) and maintaining their job performance (JP). We conducted two studies using an explanatory sequential mixed-methods design. The results indicated that employees’ satisfaction with organization COVID-19 responses (SOCV19R) positively influences JP and moderates (1) the positive association between perceived health risk associated with COVID-19 (PHRCV19) and PJI and (2) the negative link between PJI and JP. Unexpectedly, PHRCV19 was found to positively affect JP, and the moderating effect of SOCV19R on the relationship between PHRCV19 and JP was significant and positive. We also found that PJI has a mediating role in the PHRCV19–JP relationship. This study fills a significant gap in hospitality research by exploring the role of the organization’s crisis responses in tempering the impact of perceived health risk of a global health crisis on hotel employees. Theoretically, this research revealed that employees’ SOCV19R helps raise JP, mitigate the positive influence of PHRCV19 on PJI and the negative impact of PJI on JP, and strengthen the positive effect of PHRCV19 on JP.
Welfare regimes and differences in the mental well-being of European employee...sophieproject
Welfare regimes and differences in the mental well-being of European employees with respect to gender and social class by Deborah De Moortel, Carme Borrell, Laia Palència, Lucia Artazcoz and Christophe Vanroelen.
Included in our 2nd newsletter (May 2014)
http://www.sophie-project.eu/newsletter/num2.htm
This document provides a case study about worker unrest in the Indian automobile industry from 2009 to 2011. It begins with an introduction about the rapid growth of the Indian automobile sector and its importance to the Indian economy. It then discusses the living and working conditions of automobile workers in India. The body of the document analyzes several specific strikes and periods of worker unrest that occurred at major automobile companies in India during this time period, including Mahindra and Mahindra, Hyundai Motors India, Honda Motorcycles and Scooters, Exide, General Motors India, Ford India, and Maruti Suzuki India. It concludes by discussing some indirect factors that can influence worker unrest, such as industry strength, customer sentiment, taxes
Causes and effects of industrial conflictsSparsh Saxena
This document discusses industrial relations and conflicts between management and employees. It outlines several potential causes of disputes, including pay, working conditions, promotions, and technology introduction. When conflicts arise, employees and unions can take official or unofficial actions like strikes, work slowdowns, or picketing. Employers may attempt to lock out employees or negotiate. Resolving conflicts internally or through the Labour Relations Commission and Labour Court conciliation and arbitration services can help address grievances and prevent productivity and profit losses for businesses.
Economic analysis of the impact of labour unionist activities on educational ...Alexander Decker
This document analyzes the impact of labor union activities, specifically strikes by the Academic Staff Union of Nigerian Universities (ASUU) and Senior Staff Association of Nigerian Universities (SSANU), on educational stability in Nigerian universities from 1981 to 2009. It finds that strikes have frequently disrupted the educational system. Statistical analysis shows that the duration and impact of strikes differed significantly before and after 2000. The most pressing factors contributing to strikes were found to be conflicts between unions, poor government implementation of agreements, issues around university consultancy services and admissions policies. Recommendations include more frequent dialogue between all stakeholders and updating worker compensation to match inflation.
SOPHIE reviews on Employment: a) Part-time employment, working conditions, he...sophieproject
Here we present two reviews on Employment. First is a systematic review on Part-time employment, working conditions, health and gender in Europe (authored by Agència Salut Pública de Barcelona team). Second one is a realist review on employment protection legislation impacts on temporary employment (authored by GREDS-EMCONET research team).
Psychosocial Factors which Influence College Student’s Academic PathwayINFOGAIN PUBLICATION
This research purpose is to identify psychosocial factors, which influence students decision for academic field. In this research there were used motivational questionnaire (identifying respondent’s portrait), Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale, Academic Motivation Scale (AMS) and Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ). These instruments were applied on a sample of 170 students of both sexes from the faculties located in Bucharest. The data are introduced and operationalized with the Microsoft Excel (2007) and Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (IBM SPSS Statistics, v.20). The research results identifies that family, personal skills influenced students’ academic filed. Also, it show that high self-esteem is correlated with high academic motivation and high motivation for earning. This is also confirmed by other studies where high self-esteem and strength is an important factor in the prediction of academic achievement in students (Mohammad, A. 2010).
How does hotel employees’ satisfaction with the organization’s COVID-19 respo...Nghiên Cứu Định Lượng
Bài nghiên cứu của thành viên Trung tâm Nghiên cứu Định lượng tham gia trong dự án về Covid-19
This research examines the role of hotel employees’ satisfaction with their organization’s COVID-19 responses in reducing their perceived job insecurity (PJI) and maintaining their job performance (JP). We conducted two studies using an explanatory sequential mixed-methods design. The results indicated that employees’ satisfaction with organization COVID-19 responses (SOCV19R) positively influences JP and moderates (1) the positive association between perceived health risk associated with COVID-19 (PHRCV19) and PJI and (2) the negative link between PJI and JP. Unexpectedly, PHRCV19 was found to positively affect JP, and the moderating effect of SOCV19R on the relationship between PHRCV19 and JP was significant and positive. We also found that PJI has a mediating role in the PHRCV19–JP relationship. This study fills a significant gap in hospitality research by exploring the role of the organization’s crisis responses in tempering the impact of perceived health risk of a global health crisis on hotel employees. Theoretically, this research revealed that employees’ SOCV19R helps raise JP, mitigate the positive influence of PHRCV19 on PJI and the negative impact of PJI on JP, and strengthen the positive effect of PHRCV19 on JP.
Welfare regimes and differences in the mental well-being of European employee...sophieproject
Welfare regimes and differences in the mental well-being of European employees with respect to gender and social class by Deborah De Moortel, Carme Borrell, Laia Palència, Lucia Artazcoz and Christophe Vanroelen.
Included in our 2nd newsletter (May 2014)
http://www.sophie-project.eu/newsletter/num2.htm
This document provides a case study about worker unrest in the Indian automobile industry from 2009 to 2011. It begins with an introduction about the rapid growth of the Indian automobile sector and its importance to the Indian economy. It then discusses the living and working conditions of automobile workers in India. The body of the document analyzes several specific strikes and periods of worker unrest that occurred at major automobile companies in India during this time period, including Mahindra and Mahindra, Hyundai Motors India, Honda Motorcycles and Scooters, Exide, General Motors India, Ford India, and Maruti Suzuki India. It concludes by discussing some indirect factors that can influence worker unrest, such as industry strength, customer sentiment, taxes
Causes and effects of industrial conflictsSparsh Saxena
This document discusses industrial relations and conflicts between management and employees. It outlines several potential causes of disputes, including pay, working conditions, promotions, and technology introduction. When conflicts arise, employees and unions can take official or unofficial actions like strikes, work slowdowns, or picketing. Employers may attempt to lock out employees or negotiate. Resolving conflicts internally or through the Labour Relations Commission and Labour Court conciliation and arbitration services can help address grievances and prevent productivity and profit losses for businesses.
Effect of simulation on studentsí achievement in senior secondary school che...Alexander Decker
This study investigated the effect of simulation on students' achievement in chemistry in Enugu East Local Government Area of Enugu State, Nigeria. 159 secondary 1 students were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The experimental group was taught using simulation methods while the control used conventional methods. An achievement test was administered before and after the study. Results showed that students in the experimental group achieved higher scores than the control group, indicating simulation increased achievement. There was no significant difference between male and female students' achievement scores with simulation. The study concluded simulation is an effective method for teaching chemistry and benefits both male and female students equally.
Awareness of Construction Workers on Occupational Hazards, Illness and Injuri...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Nursing and health Science is ambitious to disseminate information and experience in education, practice and investigation between medicine, nursing and all the sciences involved in health care. Nursing & Health Sciences focuses on the international exchange of knowledge in nursing and health sciences. The journal publishes peer-reviewed papers on original research, education and clinical practice.
By encouraging scholars from around the world to share their knowledge and expertise, the journal aims to provide the reader with a deeper understanding of the lived experience of nursing and health sciences and the opportunity to enrich their own area of practice. The journal publishes original papers, reviews, special and general articles, case management etc.
Learning in the workplace involves complex cognitive and behavioural engagement in agency-structure dynamics. This engagement influences the workplace learning outcomes of workplace newcomers including new recruits, graduates in study-to-work transition, and students in work-integrated learning (WIL) placements. Though extensively discussed in the literature on organisational behaviour, agency-structure dynamics have received relatively little attention in the WIL literature. This presentation reports findings from a review of the literature and unique insights from the workplace learning experiences of nine students. The presentation emphasises potential strategies for enhancing students’ preparation and readiness for WIL, particularly in relation to their information seeking behaviour. The presentation will interest students, graduates, WIL managers, curriculum designers, career practitioners and employers.
Association between job dissatisfaction and occupational accidents among male...Prevencionar
Background: Construction workers are exposed to multiple irrigation factors that can cause occupational accidents. This study included poorly explored factors such as high physical demands and prolonged working days for the construction sector in the Republic of Ecuador. Methods: The data came from a national survey. For this study a sub-sample of manual workers was included. Multiple logistic regression models were applied, with adjustments for sociodemographic variables, employment, and security conditions. Results: Of the 857 construction workers, 6.5 percent said they had suffered a work accident in the last 12 months. This represents an estimated incidence rate of 7,508,9 accidents per 100,000 workers (21,396 weighted). Significant associations were found between dissatisfaction with physical demands (OR = 2.54; CI95% = 1.40–4.48) and prolonged working days (OR= 2.61; CI95% = 1.49–4.48), with the likelihood of suffering to occupational accident. Conclusion: It is suggested to pay more attention to these factors and, along with other safety strategies, to promote safer and healthier working environments for construction workers.
A Longitudinal Study of Undergraduate Performance in Mathematics, an Applicat...iosrjce
Students’ performance in mathematics has been an issue of great concern to most countries,
especially the developing nations. So many programmes have been put in place to improve performances and to
also encourage student to study the course in tertiary institution. In this study we investigate the relationship of
semester, department of a student, age and load unit on marginal mathematics performance o f undergraduate
students. A marginal model was formulated using four working correlation structure where the exchangeable
working correlation structure was selected as the best that models the dataset using quasi information criteria.
The semester, age and load unit were found to be related to the marginal performance in mathematics
GENDER A DETERMINANT OF EMPLOYEE ABSENTEEISM IN TRANSNZOIA COUNTYpaperpublications3
Abstract: Employee absenteeism is a persistent problem in many countries; it tends to reduce the quality of education and results in poor performance of students. Despite the extensive research on the subject of Gender as personal characteristic and absenteeism, little research has be done in schools in spite of its importance. The purpose of this study was todetermine the influence of Gender on employee absenteeism in Transnzoia County. The specific objectives of the study was: to determine the relationship between gender and employee absenteeism. Social exchange theorygrounded the study. A survey research design was used for this study. The institutions studied was selected using stratified random sampling technique. The two strata consideredwere public and private secondary schools with a sample size of 168. A linear regression model was constructedto establish the relationship between employee absenteeism and Gender from each institution that was sampled, the respondents was the employee of the schools that included both teaching and non-teaching. The Gender wasidentified as the independent variable, while absenteeism as the dependent variable Data was analyzed statistically using SPSS version 19. Both descriptive and inferential statistics was used to test the hypotheses. The study found thatgender had no significant effect on absenteeism, The results of the study form the basis for better management of institutions The finding of this study will help the managers of school in endorsing the validity of incorporating personal factors in interventions in recruitment, selection, training and staff development processes. The study suggests that future research can make use of longitudinal design to adequately examine the causal status of personal factors on absenteeism.
022-Kanda Monitoring of the Japanese University system using time-use surveyinnovationoecd
This study analyzed time allocation data from faculty members at Japanese universities collected through time use surveys conducted in 2002, 2008, and 2013. The following key points were summarized:
1) Time spent on research and development (R&D) activities declined significantly between 2002 and 2008, decreasing by around 10 percentage points, while time spent on education and social services increased.
2) Universities were categorized into four groups based on their share of scientific publications. Differences were found in time allocations between groups, with higher publishing universities maintaining R&D time and lower publishing universities increasing education time.
3) Opinions on improving R&D performance also differed between groups, with higher publishing universities focusing on securing young researchers and
One of the most pressing problems facing the Kenyan economy is the high rates of unemployment,
which has been erratic over the past few years. To examine the existing relationship between unemployment and
economic growth, this paper employed Johansen Cointegration, error correction mechanism (ECM),
A structural equation model of tertiary academic achievementAlexander Decker
The document presents a structural equation model that estimates the individual private returns to tertiary academic achievement. The model examines the relationships between tertiary academic achievement, employment prospects, individual income, and college ranking. The results show that tertiary academic achievement and college ranking have significant positive effects on employment prospects and individual incomes. Additionally, employment prospects and individual incomes positively impact tertiary academic achievement. Specifically, grade point average and college ranking positively influence tertiary academic achievement, employment prospects, and individual incomes.
A structural equation model of tertiary academic achievementAlexander Decker
The document presents a structural equation model that estimates the individual private returns to tertiary academic achievement. The model examines the relationships between tertiary academic achievement, employment prospects, individual income, and college ranking. The results show that tertiary academic achievement and college ranking have significant positive effects on employment prospects and individual incomes. Additionally, employment prospects and individual incomes positively impact tertiary academic achievement. Specifically, grade point average and college ranking positively influence tertiary academic achievement, employment prospects, and individual incomes.
Impacts of Sportsmanship and Altruism on Casual Employees’ Performance: Case ...inventionjournals
The main purpose of this study was to ascertain the impact of sportsmanship and altruism on casual employees’ performance, a case study of Public Universities in Kenya. Questionnaires were used as data collection tool and a sample population of 225 was taken from five public universities with a response rate of 73%. The data was analysed using SPSS version 16.0. The reliability test of the instrument was tested by using alpha Cronbach and ranged between 0.711 and 0.723.The findings of the study showed that sportsmanship significantly correlated positively with casual employees’ performance (r 2 = 0.064, p < 0.05; β = 0.253, p < 0.05) similar with altruism which correlated significantly with casual employees’ performance (r 2 = 0.320, p < 0.05; β = 0.566, p < 0.05).On mediating the impacts of work environment on casual employees’ performance with sportsmanship and altruism, the coefficient of determination R2 showed a positive change. This therefore indicates that work environment mediates significantly positively with sportsmanship and altruism constructs on casual employees’ performance in Kenyan public universities.
A Survey of work related injuries among building construction workers in soth...DebjeetNath
This is referred from Research Article which based on work related injuries of construction workers in Ethiopia. This paper was published on International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, July, 2018. This presentation is useful for ergonomy and occupational physiology topics.
The contribution of trade unions to promotion of employee performanceAlexander Decker
The document discusses a study that evaluated the contribution of the Universities' Academic Staff Union (UASU) to promoting employee performance at Egerton University in Kenya from the perspective of UASU officials. The study found that UASU's activities positively influenced various aspects of employee performance such as wage rates, morale, terms of service, job commitment, individual output, training, and organizational practices. It also positively affected union performance. However, some challenges were faced including victimization of officials and social factors. The officials were generally satisfied with UASU's contribution to improving employee performance.
The contribution of trade unions to promotion of employee performanceAlexander Decker
The document analyzes a study that evaluated the contribution of the Universities' Academic Staff Union (UASU) to promoting employee performance at Egerton University in Kenya. It finds that UASU activities positively influenced various factors of employee performance like terms of service, morale, commitment, output, training, and wages. However, the UASU officials faced some challenges, including victimization by the university administration and divided opinions on political interference and employer sincerity in implementing agreements. Overall, the study concludes that engaging UASU contributes to effective service delivery at the university.
The contribution of trade unions to promotion of employee performanceAlexander Decker
The document analyzes a study that evaluated the contribution of the Universities' Academic Staff Union (UASU) to promoting employee performance at Egerton University in Kenya. It finds that UASU activities positively influenced various factors of employee performance like terms of service, morale, commitment, output, training, and wages. However, the UASU officials faced some challenges, including victimization by the university administration and divided opinions on political interference and employer sincerity in implementing agreements. Overall, the study concludes that engaging UASU contributes to effective service delivery at the university.
QUALITY OF WORK LIFE (QWL) OF ACADEMIC STAFF IN PRIVATE UNIVERSITIES IN NORTH...IAEME Publication
One of the challenges facing private universities in Nigeria is the inability to
retain highly competence academic staff. Heavy workloads, lack of adequate
resources and an unfavourable work environment, all affects efficiency and
productivity of the academic staff. The poor QWL can cause high stress levels, which
may have detrimental effects on family life and the wellbeing of academic staff. Based
on the above assertions, this study therefore examined QWL of academic staff in
private universities, north central Nigeria. Theoretically, this study adopted the self
and organizational theories. A sample size of 245 academic staff was purposively
selected for the study. Development and Validation Scale was used to measure QWL
among the selected academic staff.The finding indicates that, there was a disparity in
terms of the academic staff socio-demographic features and QWL.The study
concludes that in today era QWL is an important factor in determining academic staff
satisfaction in private universities in north central Nigeria and if it is undermined it
can affect the academic staff level of satisfaction adversely.
QUALITY OF WORK LIFE (QWL) OF ACADEMIC STAFF IN PRIVATE UNIVERSITIES IN NORTH...IAEME Publication
One of the challenges facing private universities in Nigeria is the inability to retain highly competence academic staff. Heavy workloads, lack of adequate resources and an unfavourable work environment, all affects efficiency and productivity of the academic staff. The poor QWL can cause high stress levels, which may have detrimental effects on family life and the wellbeing of academic staff. Based on the above assertions, this study therefore examined QWL of academic staff in private universities, north central Nigeria. Theoretically, this study adopted the self and organizational theories. A sample size of 245 academic staff was purposively selected for the study. Development and Validation Scale was used to measure QWL among the selected academic staff.The finding indicates that, there was a disparity in terms of the academic staff socio-demographic features and QWL.The study concludes that in today era QWL is an important factor in determining academic staff satisfaction in private universities in north central Nigeria and if it is undermined it can affect the academic staff level of satisfaction adversely.
Abnormalities of hormones and inflammatory cytokines in women affected with p...Alexander Decker
Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have elevated levels of hormones like luteinizing hormone and testosterone, as well as higher levels of insulin and insulin resistance compared to healthy women. They also have increased levels of inflammatory markers like C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, and leptin. This study found these abnormalities in the hormones and inflammatory cytokines of women with PCOS ages 23-40, indicating that hormone imbalances associated with insulin resistance and elevated inflammatory markers may worsen infertility in women with PCOS.
Effect of simulation on studentsí achievement in senior secondary school che...Alexander Decker
This study investigated the effect of simulation on students' achievement in chemistry in Enugu East Local Government Area of Enugu State, Nigeria. 159 secondary 1 students were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The experimental group was taught using simulation methods while the control used conventional methods. An achievement test was administered before and after the study. Results showed that students in the experimental group achieved higher scores than the control group, indicating simulation increased achievement. There was no significant difference between male and female students' achievement scores with simulation. The study concluded simulation is an effective method for teaching chemistry and benefits both male and female students equally.
Awareness of Construction Workers on Occupational Hazards, Illness and Injuri...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Nursing and health Science is ambitious to disseminate information and experience in education, practice and investigation between medicine, nursing and all the sciences involved in health care. Nursing & Health Sciences focuses on the international exchange of knowledge in nursing and health sciences. The journal publishes peer-reviewed papers on original research, education and clinical practice.
By encouraging scholars from around the world to share their knowledge and expertise, the journal aims to provide the reader with a deeper understanding of the lived experience of nursing and health sciences and the opportunity to enrich their own area of practice. The journal publishes original papers, reviews, special and general articles, case management etc.
Learning in the workplace involves complex cognitive and behavioural engagement in agency-structure dynamics. This engagement influences the workplace learning outcomes of workplace newcomers including new recruits, graduates in study-to-work transition, and students in work-integrated learning (WIL) placements. Though extensively discussed in the literature on organisational behaviour, agency-structure dynamics have received relatively little attention in the WIL literature. This presentation reports findings from a review of the literature and unique insights from the workplace learning experiences of nine students. The presentation emphasises potential strategies for enhancing students’ preparation and readiness for WIL, particularly in relation to their information seeking behaviour. The presentation will interest students, graduates, WIL managers, curriculum designers, career practitioners and employers.
Association between job dissatisfaction and occupational accidents among male...Prevencionar
Background: Construction workers are exposed to multiple irrigation factors that can cause occupational accidents. This study included poorly explored factors such as high physical demands and prolonged working days for the construction sector in the Republic of Ecuador. Methods: The data came from a national survey. For this study a sub-sample of manual workers was included. Multiple logistic regression models were applied, with adjustments for sociodemographic variables, employment, and security conditions. Results: Of the 857 construction workers, 6.5 percent said they had suffered a work accident in the last 12 months. This represents an estimated incidence rate of 7,508,9 accidents per 100,000 workers (21,396 weighted). Significant associations were found between dissatisfaction with physical demands (OR = 2.54; CI95% = 1.40–4.48) and prolonged working days (OR= 2.61; CI95% = 1.49–4.48), with the likelihood of suffering to occupational accident. Conclusion: It is suggested to pay more attention to these factors and, along with other safety strategies, to promote safer and healthier working environments for construction workers.
A Longitudinal Study of Undergraduate Performance in Mathematics, an Applicat...iosrjce
Students’ performance in mathematics has been an issue of great concern to most countries,
especially the developing nations. So many programmes have been put in place to improve performances and to
also encourage student to study the course in tertiary institution. In this study we investigate the relationship of
semester, department of a student, age and load unit on marginal mathematics performance o f undergraduate
students. A marginal model was formulated using four working correlation structure where the exchangeable
working correlation structure was selected as the best that models the dataset using quasi information criteria.
The semester, age and load unit were found to be related to the marginal performance in mathematics
GENDER A DETERMINANT OF EMPLOYEE ABSENTEEISM IN TRANSNZOIA COUNTYpaperpublications3
Abstract: Employee absenteeism is a persistent problem in many countries; it tends to reduce the quality of education and results in poor performance of students. Despite the extensive research on the subject of Gender as personal characteristic and absenteeism, little research has be done in schools in spite of its importance. The purpose of this study was todetermine the influence of Gender on employee absenteeism in Transnzoia County. The specific objectives of the study was: to determine the relationship between gender and employee absenteeism. Social exchange theorygrounded the study. A survey research design was used for this study. The institutions studied was selected using stratified random sampling technique. The two strata consideredwere public and private secondary schools with a sample size of 168. A linear regression model was constructedto establish the relationship between employee absenteeism and Gender from each institution that was sampled, the respondents was the employee of the schools that included both teaching and non-teaching. The Gender wasidentified as the independent variable, while absenteeism as the dependent variable Data was analyzed statistically using SPSS version 19. Both descriptive and inferential statistics was used to test the hypotheses. The study found thatgender had no significant effect on absenteeism, The results of the study form the basis for better management of institutions The finding of this study will help the managers of school in endorsing the validity of incorporating personal factors in interventions in recruitment, selection, training and staff development processes. The study suggests that future research can make use of longitudinal design to adequately examine the causal status of personal factors on absenteeism.
022-Kanda Monitoring of the Japanese University system using time-use surveyinnovationoecd
This study analyzed time allocation data from faculty members at Japanese universities collected through time use surveys conducted in 2002, 2008, and 2013. The following key points were summarized:
1) Time spent on research and development (R&D) activities declined significantly between 2002 and 2008, decreasing by around 10 percentage points, while time spent on education and social services increased.
2) Universities were categorized into four groups based on their share of scientific publications. Differences were found in time allocations between groups, with higher publishing universities maintaining R&D time and lower publishing universities increasing education time.
3) Opinions on improving R&D performance also differed between groups, with higher publishing universities focusing on securing young researchers and
One of the most pressing problems facing the Kenyan economy is the high rates of unemployment,
which has been erratic over the past few years. To examine the existing relationship between unemployment and
economic growth, this paper employed Johansen Cointegration, error correction mechanism (ECM),
A structural equation model of tertiary academic achievementAlexander Decker
The document presents a structural equation model that estimates the individual private returns to tertiary academic achievement. The model examines the relationships between tertiary academic achievement, employment prospects, individual income, and college ranking. The results show that tertiary academic achievement and college ranking have significant positive effects on employment prospects and individual incomes. Additionally, employment prospects and individual incomes positively impact tertiary academic achievement. Specifically, grade point average and college ranking positively influence tertiary academic achievement, employment prospects, and individual incomes.
A structural equation model of tertiary academic achievementAlexander Decker
The document presents a structural equation model that estimates the individual private returns to tertiary academic achievement. The model examines the relationships between tertiary academic achievement, employment prospects, individual income, and college ranking. The results show that tertiary academic achievement and college ranking have significant positive effects on employment prospects and individual incomes. Additionally, employment prospects and individual incomes positively impact tertiary academic achievement. Specifically, grade point average and college ranking positively influence tertiary academic achievement, employment prospects, and individual incomes.
Impacts of Sportsmanship and Altruism on Casual Employees’ Performance: Case ...inventionjournals
The main purpose of this study was to ascertain the impact of sportsmanship and altruism on casual employees’ performance, a case study of Public Universities in Kenya. Questionnaires were used as data collection tool and a sample population of 225 was taken from five public universities with a response rate of 73%. The data was analysed using SPSS version 16.0. The reliability test of the instrument was tested by using alpha Cronbach and ranged between 0.711 and 0.723.The findings of the study showed that sportsmanship significantly correlated positively with casual employees’ performance (r 2 = 0.064, p < 0.05; β = 0.253, p < 0.05) similar with altruism which correlated significantly with casual employees’ performance (r 2 = 0.320, p < 0.05; β = 0.566, p < 0.05).On mediating the impacts of work environment on casual employees’ performance with sportsmanship and altruism, the coefficient of determination R2 showed a positive change. This therefore indicates that work environment mediates significantly positively with sportsmanship and altruism constructs on casual employees’ performance in Kenyan public universities.
A Survey of work related injuries among building construction workers in soth...DebjeetNath
This is referred from Research Article which based on work related injuries of construction workers in Ethiopia. This paper was published on International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, July, 2018. This presentation is useful for ergonomy and occupational physiology topics.
The contribution of trade unions to promotion of employee performanceAlexander Decker
The document discusses a study that evaluated the contribution of the Universities' Academic Staff Union (UASU) to promoting employee performance at Egerton University in Kenya from the perspective of UASU officials. The study found that UASU's activities positively influenced various aspects of employee performance such as wage rates, morale, terms of service, job commitment, individual output, training, and organizational practices. It also positively affected union performance. However, some challenges were faced including victimization of officials and social factors. The officials were generally satisfied with UASU's contribution to improving employee performance.
The contribution of trade unions to promotion of employee performanceAlexander Decker
The document analyzes a study that evaluated the contribution of the Universities' Academic Staff Union (UASU) to promoting employee performance at Egerton University in Kenya. It finds that UASU activities positively influenced various factors of employee performance like terms of service, morale, commitment, output, training, and wages. However, the UASU officials faced some challenges, including victimization by the university administration and divided opinions on political interference and employer sincerity in implementing agreements. Overall, the study concludes that engaging UASU contributes to effective service delivery at the university.
The contribution of trade unions to promotion of employee performanceAlexander Decker
The document analyzes a study that evaluated the contribution of the Universities' Academic Staff Union (UASU) to promoting employee performance at Egerton University in Kenya. It finds that UASU activities positively influenced various factors of employee performance like terms of service, morale, commitment, output, training, and wages. However, the UASU officials faced some challenges, including victimization by the university administration and divided opinions on political interference and employer sincerity in implementing agreements. Overall, the study concludes that engaging UASU contributes to effective service delivery at the university.
QUALITY OF WORK LIFE (QWL) OF ACADEMIC STAFF IN PRIVATE UNIVERSITIES IN NORTH...IAEME Publication
One of the challenges facing private universities in Nigeria is the inability to
retain highly competence academic staff. Heavy workloads, lack of adequate
resources and an unfavourable work environment, all affects efficiency and
productivity of the academic staff. The poor QWL can cause high stress levels, which
may have detrimental effects on family life and the wellbeing of academic staff. Based
on the above assertions, this study therefore examined QWL of academic staff in
private universities, north central Nigeria. Theoretically, this study adopted the self
and organizational theories. A sample size of 245 academic staff was purposively
selected for the study. Development and Validation Scale was used to measure QWL
among the selected academic staff.The finding indicates that, there was a disparity in
terms of the academic staff socio-demographic features and QWL.The study
concludes that in today era QWL is an important factor in determining academic staff
satisfaction in private universities in north central Nigeria and if it is undermined it
can affect the academic staff level of satisfaction adversely.
QUALITY OF WORK LIFE (QWL) OF ACADEMIC STAFF IN PRIVATE UNIVERSITIES IN NORTH...IAEME Publication
One of the challenges facing private universities in Nigeria is the inability to retain highly competence academic staff. Heavy workloads, lack of adequate resources and an unfavourable work environment, all affects efficiency and productivity of the academic staff. The poor QWL can cause high stress levels, which may have detrimental effects on family life and the wellbeing of academic staff. Based on the above assertions, this study therefore examined QWL of academic staff in private universities, north central Nigeria. Theoretically, this study adopted the self and organizational theories. A sample size of 245 academic staff was purposively selected for the study. Development and Validation Scale was used to measure QWL among the selected academic staff.The finding indicates that, there was a disparity in terms of the academic staff socio-demographic features and QWL.The study concludes that in today era QWL is an important factor in determining academic staff satisfaction in private universities in north central Nigeria and if it is undermined it can affect the academic staff level of satisfaction adversely.
Abnormalities of hormones and inflammatory cytokines in women affected with p...Alexander Decker
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A unique common fixed point theorems in generalized dAlexander Decker
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A time series analysis of the determinants of savings in namibiaAlexander Decker
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A therapy for physical and mental fitness of school childrenAlexander Decker
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A theory of efficiency for managing the marketing executives in nigerian banksAlexander Decker
This document summarizes a study examining efficiency in managing marketing executives in Nigerian banks. The study was examined through the lenses of Kaizen theory (continuous improvement) and efficiency theory. A survey of 303 marketing executives from Nigerian banks found that management plays a key role in identifying and implementing efficiency improvements. The document recommends adopting a "3H grand strategy" to improve the heads, hearts, and hands of management and marketing executives by enhancing their knowledge, attitudes, and tools.
This document discusses evaluating the link budget for effective 900MHz GSM communication. It describes the basic parameters needed for a high-level link budget calculation, including transmitter power, antenna gains, path loss, and propagation models. Common propagation models for 900MHz that are described include Okumura model for urban areas and Hata model for urban, suburban, and open areas. Rain attenuation is also incorporated using the updated ITU model to improve communication during rainfall.
A synthetic review of contraceptive supplies in punjabAlexander Decker
This document discusses contraceptive use in Punjab, Pakistan. It begins by providing background on the benefits of family planning and contraceptive use for maternal and child health. It then analyzes contraceptive commodity data from Punjab, finding that use is still low despite efforts to improve access. The document concludes by emphasizing the need for strategies to bridge gaps and meet the unmet need for effective and affordable contraceptive methods and supplies in Punjab in order to improve health outcomes.
A synthesis of taylor’s and fayol’s management approaches for managing market...Alexander Decker
1) The document discusses synthesizing Taylor's scientific management approach and Fayol's process management approach to identify an effective way to manage marketing executives in Nigerian banks.
2) It reviews Taylor's emphasis on efficiency and breaking tasks into small parts, and Fayol's focus on developing general management principles.
3) The study administered a survey to 303 marketing executives in Nigerian banks to test if combining elements of Taylor and Fayol's approaches would help manage their performance through clear roles, accountability, and motivation. Statistical analysis supported combining the two approaches.
A survey paper on sequence pattern mining with incrementalAlexander Decker
This document summarizes four algorithms for sequential pattern mining: GSP, ISM, FreeSpan, and PrefixSpan. GSP is an Apriori-based algorithm that incorporates time constraints. ISM extends SPADE to incrementally update patterns after database changes. FreeSpan uses frequent items to recursively project databases and grow subsequences. PrefixSpan also uses projection but claims to not require candidate generation. It recursively projects databases based on short prefix patterns. The document concludes by stating the goal was to find an efficient scheme for extracting sequential patterns from transactional datasets.
A survey on live virtual machine migrations and its techniquesAlexander Decker
This document summarizes several techniques for live virtual machine migration in cloud computing. It discusses works that have proposed affinity-aware migration models to improve resource utilization, energy efficient migration approaches using storage migration and live VM migration, and a dynamic consolidation technique using migration control to avoid unnecessary migrations. The document also summarizes works that have designed methods to minimize migration downtime and network traffic, proposed a resource reservation framework for efficient migration of multiple VMs, and addressed real-time issues in live migration. Finally, it provides a table summarizing the techniques, tools used, and potential future work or gaps identified for each discussed work.
A survey on data mining and analysis in hadoop and mongo dbAlexander Decker
This document discusses data mining of big data using Hadoop and MongoDB. It provides an overview of Hadoop and MongoDB and their uses in big data analysis. Specifically, it proposes using Hadoop for distributed processing and MongoDB for data storage and input. The document reviews several related works that discuss big data analysis using these tools, as well as their capabilities for scalable data storage and mining. It aims to improve computational time and fault tolerance for big data analysis by mining data stored in Hadoop using MongoDB and MapReduce.
1. The document discusses several challenges for integrating media with cloud computing including media content convergence, scalability and expandability, finding appropriate applications, and reliability.
2. Media content convergence challenges include dealing with the heterogeneity of media types, services, networks, devices, and quality of service requirements as well as integrating technologies used by media providers and consumers.
3. Scalability and expandability challenges involve adapting to the increasing volume of media content and being able to support new media formats and outlets over time.
This document surveys trust architectures that leverage provenance in wireless sensor networks. It begins with background on provenance, which refers to the documented history or derivation of data. Provenance can be used to assess trust by providing metadata about how data was processed. The document then discusses challenges for using provenance to establish trust in wireless sensor networks, which have constraints on energy and computation. Finally, it provides background on trust, which is the subjective probability that a node will behave dependably. Trust architectures need to be lightweight to account for the constraints of wireless sensor networks.
This document discusses private equity investments in Kenya. It provides background on private equity and discusses trends in various regions. The objectives of the study discussed are to establish the extent of private equity adoption in Kenya, identify common forms of private equity utilized, and determine typical exit strategies. Private equity can involve venture capital, leveraged buyouts, or mezzanine financing. Exits allow recycling of capital into new opportunities. The document provides context on private equity globally and in developing markets like Africa to frame the goals of the study.
This document discusses a study that analyzes the financial health of the Indian logistics industry from 2005-2012 using Altman's Z-score model. The study finds that the average Z-score for selected logistics firms was in the healthy to very healthy range during the study period. The average Z-score increased from 2006 to 2010 when the Indian economy was hit by the global recession, indicating the overall performance of the Indian logistics industry was good. The document reviews previous literature on measuring financial performance and distress using ratios and Z-scores, and outlines the objectives and methodology used in the current study.
Monitoring and Managing Anomaly Detection on OpenShift.pdfTosin Akinosho
Monitoring and Managing Anomaly Detection on OpenShift
Overview
Dive into the world of anomaly detection on edge devices with our comprehensive hands-on tutorial. This SlideShare presentation will guide you through the entire process, from data collection and model training to edge deployment and real-time monitoring. Perfect for those looking to implement robust anomaly detection systems on resource-constrained IoT/edge devices.
Key Topics Covered
1. Introduction to Anomaly Detection
- Understand the fundamentals of anomaly detection and its importance in identifying unusual behavior or failures in systems.
2. Understanding Edge (IoT)
- Learn about edge computing and IoT, and how they enable real-time data processing and decision-making at the source.
3. What is ArgoCD?
- Discover ArgoCD, a declarative, GitOps continuous delivery tool for Kubernetes, and its role in deploying applications on edge devices.
4. Deployment Using ArgoCD for Edge Devices
- Step-by-step guide on deploying anomaly detection models on edge devices using ArgoCD.
5. Introduction to Apache Kafka and S3
- Explore Apache Kafka for real-time data streaming and Amazon S3 for scalable storage solutions.
6. Viewing Kafka Messages in the Data Lake
- Learn how to view and analyze Kafka messages stored in a data lake for better insights.
7. What is Prometheus?
- Get to know Prometheus, an open-source monitoring and alerting toolkit, and its application in monitoring edge devices.
8. Monitoring Application Metrics with Prometheus
- Detailed instructions on setting up Prometheus to monitor the performance and health of your anomaly detection system.
9. What is Camel K?
- Introduction to Camel K, a lightweight integration framework built on Apache Camel, designed for Kubernetes.
10. Configuring Camel K Integrations for Data Pipelines
- Learn how to configure Camel K for seamless data pipeline integrations in your anomaly detection workflow.
11. What is a Jupyter Notebook?
- Overview of Jupyter Notebooks, an open-source web application for creating and sharing documents with live code, equations, visualizations, and narrative text.
12. Jupyter Notebooks with Code Examples
- Hands-on examples and code snippets in Jupyter Notebooks to help you implement and test anomaly detection models.
Introduction of Cybersecurity with OSS at Code Europe 2024Hiroshi SHIBATA
I develop the Ruby programming language, RubyGems, and Bundler, which are package managers for Ruby. Today, I will introduce how to enhance the security of your application using open-source software (OSS) examples from Ruby and RubyGems.
The first topic is CVE (Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures). I have published CVEs many times. But what exactly is a CVE? I'll provide a basic understanding of CVEs and explain how to detect and handle vulnerabilities in OSS.
Next, let's discuss package managers. Package managers play a critical role in the OSS ecosystem. I'll explain how to manage library dependencies in your application.
I'll share insights into how the Ruby and RubyGems core team works to keep our ecosystem safe. By the end of this talk, you'll have a better understanding of how to safeguard your code.
Digital Banking in the Cloud: How Citizens Bank Unlocked Their MainframePrecisely
Inconsistent user experience and siloed data, high costs, and changing customer expectations – Citizens Bank was experiencing these challenges while it was attempting to deliver a superior digital banking experience for its clients. Its core banking applications run on the mainframe and Citizens was using legacy utilities to get the critical mainframe data to feed customer-facing channels, like call centers, web, and mobile. Ultimately, this led to higher operating costs (MIPS), delayed response times, and longer time to market.
Ever-changing customer expectations demand more modern digital experiences, and the bank needed to find a solution that could provide real-time data to its customer channels with low latency and operating costs. Join this session to learn how Citizens is leveraging Precisely to replicate mainframe data to its customer channels and deliver on their “modern digital bank” experiences.
HCL Notes und Domino Lizenzkostenreduzierung in der Welt von DLAUpanagenda
Webinar Recording: https://www.panagenda.com/webinars/hcl-notes-und-domino-lizenzkostenreduzierung-in-der-welt-von-dlau/
DLAU und die Lizenzen nach dem CCB- und CCX-Modell sind für viele in der HCL-Community seit letztem Jahr ein heißes Thema. Als Notes- oder Domino-Kunde haben Sie vielleicht mit unerwartet hohen Benutzerzahlen und Lizenzgebühren zu kämpfen. Sie fragen sich vielleicht, wie diese neue Art der Lizenzierung funktioniert und welchen Nutzen sie Ihnen bringt. Vor allem wollen Sie sicherlich Ihr Budget einhalten und Kosten sparen, wo immer möglich. Das verstehen wir und wir möchten Ihnen dabei helfen!
Wir erklären Ihnen, wie Sie häufige Konfigurationsprobleme lösen können, die dazu führen können, dass mehr Benutzer gezählt werden als nötig, und wie Sie überflüssige oder ungenutzte Konten identifizieren und entfernen können, um Geld zu sparen. Es gibt auch einige Ansätze, die zu unnötigen Ausgaben führen können, z. B. wenn ein Personendokument anstelle eines Mail-Ins für geteilte Mailboxen verwendet wird. Wir zeigen Ihnen solche Fälle und deren Lösungen. Und natürlich erklären wir Ihnen das neue Lizenzmodell.
Nehmen Sie an diesem Webinar teil, bei dem HCL-Ambassador Marc Thomas und Gastredner Franz Walder Ihnen diese neue Welt näherbringen. Es vermittelt Ihnen die Tools und das Know-how, um den Überblick zu bewahren. Sie werden in der Lage sein, Ihre Kosten durch eine optimierte Domino-Konfiguration zu reduzieren und auch in Zukunft gering zu halten.
Diese Themen werden behandelt
- Reduzierung der Lizenzkosten durch Auffinden und Beheben von Fehlkonfigurationen und überflüssigen Konten
- Wie funktionieren CCB- und CCX-Lizenzen wirklich?
- Verstehen des DLAU-Tools und wie man es am besten nutzt
- Tipps für häufige Problembereiche, wie z. B. Team-Postfächer, Funktions-/Testbenutzer usw.
- Praxisbeispiele und Best Practices zum sofortigen Umsetzen
Conversational agents, or chatbots, are increasingly used to access all sorts of services using natural language. While open-domain chatbots - like ChatGPT - can converse on any topic, task-oriented chatbots - the focus of this paper - are designed for specific tasks, like booking a flight, obtaining customer support, or setting an appointment. Like any other software, task-oriented chatbots need to be properly tested, usually by defining and executing test scenarios (i.e., sequences of user-chatbot interactions). However, there is currently a lack of methods to quantify the completeness and strength of such test scenarios, which can lead to low-quality tests, and hence to buggy chatbots.
To fill this gap, we propose adapting mutation testing (MuT) for task-oriented chatbots. To this end, we introduce a set of mutation operators that emulate faults in chatbot designs, an architecture that enables MuT on chatbots built using heterogeneous technologies, and a practical realisation as an Eclipse plugin. Moreover, we evaluate the applicability, effectiveness and efficiency of our approach on open-source chatbots, with promising results.
For the full video of this presentation, please visit: https://www.edge-ai-vision.com/2024/06/temporal-event-neural-networks-a-more-efficient-alternative-to-the-transformer-a-presentation-from-brainchip/
Chris Jones, Director of Product Management at BrainChip , presents the “Temporal Event Neural Networks: A More Efficient Alternative to the Transformer” tutorial at the May 2024 Embedded Vision Summit.
The expansion of AI services necessitates enhanced computational capabilities on edge devices. Temporal Event Neural Networks (TENNs), developed by BrainChip, represent a novel and highly efficient state-space network. TENNs demonstrate exceptional proficiency in handling multi-dimensional streaming data, facilitating advancements in object detection, action recognition, speech enhancement and language model/sequence generation. Through the utilization of polynomial-based continuous convolutions, TENNs streamline models, expedite training processes and significantly diminish memory requirements, achieving notable reductions of up to 50x in parameters and 5,000x in energy consumption compared to prevailing methodologies like transformers.
Integration with BrainChip’s Akida neuromorphic hardware IP further enhances TENNs’ capabilities, enabling the realization of highly capable, portable and passively cooled edge devices. This presentation delves into the technical innovations underlying TENNs, presents real-world benchmarks, and elucidates how this cutting-edge approach is positioned to revolutionize edge AI across diverse applications.
Generating privacy-protected synthetic data using Secludy and MilvusZilliz
During this demo, the founders of Secludy will demonstrate how their system utilizes Milvus to store and manipulate embeddings for generating privacy-protected synthetic data. Their approach not only maintains the confidentiality of the original data but also enhances the utility and scalability of LLMs under privacy constraints. Attendees, including machine learning engineers, data scientists, and data managers, will witness first-hand how Secludy's integration with Milvus empowers organizations to harness the power of LLMs securely and efficiently.
Have you ever been confused by the myriad of choices offered by AWS for hosting a website or an API?
Lambda, Elastic Beanstalk, Lightsail, Amplify, S3 (and more!) can each host websites + APIs. But which one should we choose?
Which one is cheapest? Which one is fastest? Which one will scale to meet our needs?
Join me in this session as we dive into each AWS hosting service to determine which one is best for your scenario and explain why!
How information systems are built or acquired puts information, which is what they should be about, in a secondary place. Our language adapted accordingly, and we no longer talk about information systems but applications. Applications evolved in a way to break data into diverse fragments, tightly coupled with applications and expensive to integrate. The result is technical debt, which is re-paid by taking even bigger "loans", resulting in an ever-increasing technical debt. Software engineering and procurement practices work in sync with market forces to maintain this trend. This talk demonstrates how natural this situation is. The question is: can something be done to reverse the trend?
AppSec PNW: Android and iOS Application Security with MobSFAjin Abraham
Mobile Security Framework - MobSF is a free and open source automated mobile application security testing environment designed to help security engineers, researchers, developers, and penetration testers to identify security vulnerabilities, malicious behaviours and privacy concerns in mobile applications using static and dynamic analysis. It supports all the popular mobile application binaries and source code formats built for Android and iOS devices. In addition to automated security assessment, it also offers an interactive testing environment to build and execute scenario based test/fuzz cases against the application.
This talk covers:
Using MobSF for static analysis of mobile applications.
Interactive dynamic security assessment of Android and iOS applications.
Solving Mobile app CTF challenges.
Reverse engineering and runtime analysis of Mobile malware.
How to shift left and integrate MobSF/mobsfscan SAST and DAST in your build pipeline.
Connector Corner: Seamlessly power UiPath Apps, GenAI with prebuilt connectorsDianaGray10
Join us to learn how UiPath Apps can directly and easily interact with prebuilt connectors via Integration Service--including Salesforce, ServiceNow, Open GenAI, and more.
The best part is you can achieve this without building a custom workflow! Say goodbye to the hassle of using separate automations to call APIs. By seamlessly integrating within App Studio, you can now easily streamline your workflow, while gaining direct access to our Connector Catalog of popular applications.
We’ll discuss and demo the benefits of UiPath Apps and connectors including:
Creating a compelling user experience for any software, without the limitations of APIs.
Accelerating the app creation process, saving time and effort
Enjoying high-performance CRUD (create, read, update, delete) operations, for
seamless data management.
Speakers:
Russell Alfeche, Technology Leader, RPA at qBotic and UiPath MVP
Charlie Greenberg, host
Programming Foundation Models with DSPy - Meetup SlidesZilliz
Prompting language models is hard, while programming language models is easy. In this talk, I will discuss the state-of-the-art framework DSPy for programming foundation models with its powerful optimizers and runtime constraint system.
Your One-Stop Shop for Python Success: Top 10 US Python Development Providersakankshawande
Simplify your search for a reliable Python development partner! This list presents the top 10 trusted US providers offering comprehensive Python development services, ensuring your project's success from conception to completion.
"Choosing proper type of scaling", Olena SyrotaFwdays
Imagine an IoT processing system that is already quite mature and production-ready and for which client coverage is growing and scaling and performance aspects are life and death questions. The system has Redis, MongoDB, and stream processing based on ksqldb. In this talk, firstly, we will analyze scaling approaches and then select the proper ones for our system.
11.economic analysis of the impact of labour unionist activities on educational stability in nigerian universities
1. Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development www.iiste.org
ISSN 2222-1700 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2855 (Online)
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Economic Analysis of the Impact of Labour Unionist Activities
on Educational Stability in Nigerian Universities
Stella I. Madueme and Glad Aneke
Dept. of Economics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka
Email: stellamadueme@gmail.com
chiekweaneke@yahoo.com
Abstract
This paper analyzes the Labour Unionist activities of Academic Staff Union of Nigerian Universities
(ASUU) and Senior Staff Association of Nigerian Universities (SSANU) in Nigerian Universities pre and
post year 2000. It presents total number and duration of strike activities and their impact on worker
productivity and educational stability in Nigerian Universities. Four null hypotheses were formulated to
guide the study. Time series data are collected through archival sources. These were presented in tables and
analyzed using t test statistics and regression analysis.. Results revealed that strike activities have been a
frequent occurrence in the Nigerian educational milieu. Significant differences were discovered to exist in
the duration and impact of strike activities by SSANU and ASUU pre and post year 2000. Principal
component analysis was also done to find out which of the causative strike factors were most pressing. It
was discovered that the most pressing ones were conflict between labour unions in Universities, poor
implementation of agreements by governments, patronage of university consultancy services by
governments and reduction of the role of JAMB in undergraduate admission. Some of the
recommendations include frequent dialogue between government, University administration and employers
and worker conditions of service be reviewed to match inflationary tendencies.
Keywords: Labour unionism, Strikes, Educational stability, Man hour loss
1. Theoretical issues
Labour unions have been in existence even before the industrial revolution. Their primary objectives have
been to improve the working conditions of members and protect them from employers’ exploitative
tendencies. The attitudes of the government towards such unions usually vary from indifference or
neutrality, diplomacy, tolerance, support and sometimes even direct confrontation. Negative response to
worker demands sometimes results in conflicts between the government and labour unions leading to
strikes with its attendant multifarious tendencies. This issue of strikes has been a cankerworm in the
Nigerian educational milieu for decades. A cursory look also at the history of relations between various
trade unions in tertiary institutions in Nigeria will reveal varying degrees of antagonisms. These have led to
frequent disruption of academic sessions with its multifarious attendant consequences.
Various researchers have worked on issues relating to strikes and educational instability. Onyeonoru (2004)
and Ogban (1997)worked on industrial conflicts in Nigerian universities. Their results in addition to the
works of Obasi (1991), ASUU (2000), Asobie (1996), Nwabueze (1995), Fatunde (2008) and Jega (1994)
noted that the causes of strikes in tertiary institutions include poor commitment of government in fulfilling
agreements, poor salaries and working conditions, university autonomy amidst others. Ade -Ajayi (2001)
attributed it to Federal Government compliance to World bank directives on tertiary institutions which led
to greater funding and commitment for lower levels of education. CODESRIA (2001) and Oloropoemia
(2001) in his work on underdevelopment of university education in Nigeria attributed it to poor funding.
The resultant effects according to Erinosho (2001) and Ade Ajayi (2001) are loss of academic sessions,
2. Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development www.iiste.org
ISSN 2222-1700 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2855 (Online)
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distortions in university calendar, distraction in teaching and research, loss of professionalism, integrity and
credibility of the University system. Kazeem (2009) in his work on ASUU strike and the future of
education in Nigeria suggested a lasting solution to incessant strikes as the enthronement of a socialist
ideals in the Nigerian government.
A synthesis of the aforementioned works will reveal a conspicuous absence of works on trends in industrial
strikes in Nigerian university, its impact on educational stability and man hour loss which this work is
structured to tackle. Hence in line with this, the following research objectives are formulated to guide the
study:
2. Research objectives
The general research objective is to ascertain the impact of strikes on the stability of Nigerian University
educational system. Specifically the study seeks to :
1. Ascertain the trend of strikes by ASUU and SSANU in Nigerian universities from 1981 to
2009
2. Compare the trends of strikes by ASUU and SSANU in Nigerian universities pre and post
year 2000
3. Ascertain the impact of strikes on educational stability and total man hours lost
4. Ascertain the impact of various issues of grievances raised by both unions on frequency of
strikes and loss of man hours.
In line with the objectives the following null hypotheses are formulated to guide the study (p<0.05)
3. Research hypotheses
HO1: ASS-SSANU strikes have no significant impact on educational stability and loss of man
hours in Nigerian universities from 1981 to 2009
HO2: ASUU-SSANU strikes have no significant impact on educational stability in Nigerian
universities pre and post year 2000
HO3: Purported causative factors leading to strikes such as poor conditions of service,
university autonomy etc have no significant impact on frequency of strikes and man
hour loss
4. Delimitation of the study
The scope of the study was limited to studying the impact of strikes from 1981 to year 2009.The variables
of interest are frequency and duration of strikes, total man hour loss, purported causative agents of strikes
such as conflict between ASUU and SSANU, poor implementation of agreement by the federal
government, review of salaries and allowances, university autonomy, appointment of governing councils
and Vice Chancellors, accreditation standards, restructuring of NUC, funding, transfer of landed properties
to universities, government patronage to university consultancy and reduction of the role of JAMB in
undergraduate admission. Impact of strikes on man hour loss studied was with respect to eight hours of
work from 8am to 4pm. This scope is chosen because it is the period that maximum contact with students
and administrative duties are performed and also the period labour union officials monitor their members to
ensure strict compliance to strike conditions.
5. Methodology
Time series data was collected through archival sources from ASUU and SSANU striking circulars and
bulletins from 1981 to 2009. These provided information on frequency and duration of strikes, causes and
consequences of strikes in Nigerian universities. Data collected are presented in tables and analysed using
3. Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development www.iiste.org
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inferential statistics with the aid of statistical soft-wares such as EXCEL, STATA and E-views. Data for
research questions one and two were analysed using graphs to show the trend in strikes in Nigerian
universities. The impact of strikes on educational stability, man hour loss which relate to research questions
three and four and all the hypotheses were analysed using regression analysis. The relative impact of
purported causative agents on frequency of strikes and loss of man hours was done using principal
component analysis. Data was lagged to one to improve the value of Durbin Watson statistics. Comparisons
done pre and post year 2000 were done using t test and analysis of variance. Unit root test was also done
using Augmented Dickey Fuller test to check the stationarity of data. Hence the purported causative factors
on strikes are modelled as
FS= f(CSS, PA, RS, RBA, UA,AGC,AVC,MNUC,MAS,RNUC,IF, TLP, GUC, RJA)
MHL =f(CSS, PA, RS, RBA, UA,AGC,AVC,MNUC,MAS,RNUC,IF, TLP, GUC, RJA)
where :
FS = frequency of strikes
MHL= Man hour loss
CSS=conflict between ASUU and SSANU
PA=Poor implementation of agreement by the federal government
RS= review of salaries
RBA= Review of benefits and allowances
UA= university autonomy
AGC= appointment of governing councils
AVC= Appointment of Vice Chancellors
MNUC= Minimum accreditation standards by NUC
RNUC= restructuring of NUC
IF= Improved funding
TLP= transfer of landed properties to universities
GUC= government patronage to university consultancy
RJA= reduction of the role of JAMB in undergraduate admission.
6. Data presentation and analysis
Data collected are presented in the following tables:
Data from table 3 shows that the Durbin Watson statistics is up to 2.0 hence the data is not spurious.
Results show that the t statistics is up to 2 and the probability value is 0.0000 which shows that the
individual parameter frequency of strikes is quite significant. The value of R squared is quite high at 0.99
which shows that frequency of strikes explains up to 99 percent of total man hour loss in the University
system. Hence this leads to the rejection of the first null hypothesis of the study that the strikes have no
significant impact on educational stability.
Data from table 4 shows that the variable of interest is significant. The Schwarz criterion value is more than
0.5 and the Akaike info criterion is more than 0.8 showing the adequacy of the model. Hence judging from
the probability value of 0.0000 and the value of the t statistics is high showing that the null hypothesis of
the study which states that there is no significant difference in the impact of strikes on educational stability
pre 2000 is rejected. 99 percent of instability and man hour loss pre 2000 can be attributed to frequent
strikes with the result of R squared which is 0.99 from table 4. With respect to data in table 5, the Durbin
Watson statistic value had to be improved through lagging. The probability value is 1.0000 hence the null
hypothesis which states that there is no significant difference in the impact of strikes on educational
stability is accepted. T-test and analysis of variances were done to confirm whether differences existed
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between values obtained pre and post year 2000. The values obtained for the t test is 0.297 and variance is
4.751 for Frequency of Strikes and for man hour loss, the t test result is 0.29 while the variance is
284236.5.The t table value for two tailed test at the probability level of 0.05 is 2.70 which is higher than the
calculated value of t hence it confirms the acceptance of the null hypothesis that significant differences
occurred pre and post year 2000. Strikes and man hour loss were more frequent pre 2000 than post 2000.
Data from table 6 shows that the model is significant as the Probability is 0.0000 and the Prob(F statistics is
less than 0.5 and the Durbin Watson is up to 2.0. Hence stationarity of data is assured.
Egarch was used to check the volatility of data. The values obtained show that the the study can be
modelled after garch 1 and 2 as their probability values are 0.0000 .The values obtained are presented as
follows in table 7
7. Trend analysis of strikes in Nigerian universities
The trends in strikes pre and post 2000 are presented in the following graphs
Data from Fig. 1 shows that the series is not evenly distributed as the Jaque Bera and Kurtosis values are
high hence the series is skewed. All the graphs also portray that strikes and man hour loss as a result have
been occurring frequently in Nigerian universities
Multiple regression analysis was done to know the relationship between the factors claimed to be causing
strikes using man hour loss as the dependent variable. The values obtained showed that the factors were all
significant in explaining the reason for the frequency of strikes and man hour loss. The probability value
obtained was 0.000 and the R squared value is 0.91 while the adjusted R squared value is 0.85 signifying
that the variables are responsible for explaining 91 percent of the reason for strikes in Nigerian universities.
Principal component analysis was further done to find out the factors that were more prominent in ASUU -
SSANU struggles which gave rise to various strikes over the years. Out of the factors studied which were
conflict between ASUU and SSANU over salary parity, Poor implementation of agreement by the federal
government, review of salaries, Review of benefits and allowances, university autonomy, appointment of
governing councils, Appointment of Vice Chancellors, Minimum accreditation standards by NUC,
restructuring of NUC, Improved funding, transfer of landed properties to universities, government
patronage to university consultancy and reduction of the role of JAMB in undergraduate admission only
four factors were discovered to have significant values. These factors are conflict between labour unions in
Universities, poor implementation of agreements by governments, patronage of university consultancy
services by governments and reduction of the role of JAMB in undergraduate admission.
8. Conclusion and Policy implications
This paper has tried to review the impact of ASUU and SSANU strikes on educational stability and man
hour loss in Nigerian Universities. Four null hypotheses guided the study and data was analysed using t test
and regression analysis etc. Results revealed that strike activities have been a frequent occurrence in the
Nigerian universities. Significant differences were discovered to exist in the duration and impact of strike
activities by SANU and ASUU pre and post year 2000. The most prominent factors causing strikes and loss
of man hours in Nigerian universities were conflict between labour unions in Universities, poor
implementation of agreements by governments, patronage of university consultancy services by
governments and reduction of the role of JAMB in undergraduate admission. Some of the
recommendations to combat strikes by labour unions include frequent dialogue between government,
University administration and employers, improved commitment of government to abide by its agreements
with labour unions, improved funding and greater autonomy to universities, and worker conditions of
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service to be reviewed regularly to match inflationary tendencies.
REFERENCES
Ade, A. J.E (2001), “Path to sustainability of Higher Education in Nigeria”, The Nigerian Social
Scientist 4(2) 2-11
Asobie, J (1996), “Conflict resolution and human rights”, A case study approach Ibadan ASUU.
ASUU, (2000), “Breech of agreement reached between FGN and ASUU on October 26 1999”, A plea to
interest. Nigeria: ASUU.
CODESRIA, (2001), “Conflict resolution in higher education in a globalising Africa”, The case of rural
authority leadership integrity in management of Universities. CODESRIA
Bulletin 3 and 4 2001 17-22.
Eri, N. L (2002), “A ray of hope for Nigerian Universities”, The Nigerian Social Scientist
4(1)1.
Fatunde, T (2008), “Academic union threatens indefinite strike”, University World news
Issue 0029
Jeja, A. M. (1994), “Nigerian academics under military rule”, Stockholm: University of
Stockholm.
Kazeem, O. (2009), “ASUU strikes and the gloomy future of education in Nigeria”, International Marxist
tendency. www.indefenceofmarxism.com
Nwabueze, B. (1991), “Crisis & problems in education in My Ibadan”: Spectrum works.
Obasi, I. (1991), “ASUU Govt conflict in xxxxx”, An investigation into the roots, characteristics and
management of ASUU strikes, Ph.D thesis. Dept. of Political Science, University of Nigeria,
Nsukka
Ogban, I.(1997), “Institutional conflict order and management”, The case of Nigerian
universities from 1960 to 1996. Paper presented at International Political science
association world congress 17-21 Seoul Korea.
Olopoenia, A. (2001), “Underdevelopment of University education in Nigeria”, A political
economy perspective. Annals of social science academy of Nigeria(13)147.
Onyeonoru, F. (2004), “Industrial conflict in Nigerian Universities”, The presence of the past
and the thrust of the future. National scholar April 2-12
Table One: Strikes in Nigerian Tertiary Institutions from 1981 to 2009
Year Duration (in months) Man hour lost
1981 2 480
1988 2 480
1992 3 720
1993 4 1060
1996 6 1440
1999 3 720
2001 6 1440
2003 6 1440
2007 4 1060
2009 5 1200
Table Two: Causes of Strikes in Nigerian Universities from 1981 to 2009
No Causes Response(%)
1 Conflict between ASUU, SSANU on salary parity 50
2 Poor implementation of agreement by federal government 81
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3 Review of salaries 90
4 Review of fringe benefits and allowances 71
5 Increased university autonomy 82
6 Appointment of governing councils 61
7 Appointment of Vice-Chancellors 57
8 Modification of NUC roles in universities 72
9 Minimum standards of accreditation to be handled by universities 84
10 Restructuring of NUC 79
11 Improved level of funding 85
12 Transfer of landed properties to universities 66
13 Government patronage to university consultancy 83
14 Reduction of JAMB’s role in admission 53
Table 3: Regression results on impact of strikes on educational stability(man hour loss)
Dependent Variable: MHL
Method: Least Squares
Date: 08/09/10 Time: 13:40
Sample: 1981 2009
Included observations: 29
Variable Coefficient Std. Error t-Statistic Prob.
FS 244.6073 1.950469 125.4095 0.0000
R-squared 0.997444 Mean dependent var 346.8966
Adjusted R-squared 0.997444 S.D. dependent var 533.1383
S.E. of regression 26.95602 Akaike info criterion 9.460164
Sum squared resid 20345.55 Schwarz criterion 9.507312
Log likelihood -136.1724 Durbin-Watson stat 2.080575
Table 4: Regression results for impact of strikes on educational stability pre 2000
Dependent Variable: MHL
Method: Least Squares
Date: 08/09/10 Time: 13:54
Sample: 1981 2000
Included observations: 20
Variable Coefficient Std. Error t-Statistic Prob.
FS 245.1282 2.315925 105.8446 0.0000
R-squared 0.997725 Mean dependent var 245.0000
Adjusted R-squared 0.997725 S.D. dependent var 428.8479
S.E. of regression 20.45369 Akaike info criterion 8.922911
Sum squared resid 7948.718 Schwarz criterion 8.972697
Log likelihood -88.22911 Durbin-Watson stat 2.294458
Table 5: Regression results for impact of strikes on educational stability post 2000
Dependent Variable: MHL
Method: Least Squares
Date: 08/09/10 Time: 13:59
Sample(adjusted): 2000 2008
Included observations: 9 after adjusting endpoints
Variable Coefficient Std. Error t-Statistic Prob.
FS(1) 0.000000 76.66731 0.000000 1.0000
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R-squared -0.487903 Mean dependent var 440.0000
Adjusted R-squared -0.487903 S.D. dependent var 668.1317
S.E. of regression 814.9847 Akaike info criterion 16.34865
Sum squared resid 5313600. Schwarz criterion 16.37057
Log likelihood -72.56895 Durbin-Watson stat 2.000000
Table 6: Results of Unit root test
ADF Test Statistic -6.524982 1% Critical Value* -3.7076
5% Critical Value -2.9798
10% Critical Value -2.6290
*MacKinnon critical values for rejection of hypothesis of a unit root.
Augmented Dickey-Fuller Test Equation
Dependent Variable: D(MHL,2)
Method: Least Squares
Date: 08/09/10 Time: 14:19
Sample(adjusted): 1984 2009
Included observations: 26 after adjusting endpoints
Variable Coefficient Std. Error t-Statistic Prob.
D(MHL(-1)) -2.328892 0.356919 -6.524982 0.0000
D(MHL(-1),2) 0.384511 0.199285 1.929455 0.0661
C 55.02717 123.1790 0.446725 0.6593
R-squared 0.855627 Mean dependent var 46.15385
Adjusted R-squared 0.843072 S.D. dependent var 1584.422
S.E. of regression 627.6543 Akaike info criterion 15.83002
Sum squared resid 9060847. Schwarz criterion 15.97519
Log likelihood -202.7903 F-statistic 68.15457
Durbin-Watson stat 2.253037 Prob(F-statistic) 0.000000
Table 7: Results of EGARCH
Dependent Variable: MHL
Method: ML – ARCH
Date: 08/09/10 Time: 14:31
Sample: 1981 2009
Included observations: 29
Convergence achieved after 13 iterations
Coefficient Std. Error z-Statistic Prob.
FS 240.6993 0.141129 1705.524 0.0000
Variance Equation
C 4.421482 0.156839 28.19117 0.0000
|RES|/SQR[GARCH](1) -3.081939 0.395082 -7.800763 0.0000
RES/SQR[GARCH](1) 0.550851 0.378062 1.457036 0.1451
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|RES|/SQR[GARCH](2) -3.847014 0.628742 -6.118589 0.0000
RES/SQR[GARCH](2) 3.163235 0.402845 7.852248 0.0000
EGARCH(1) 0.719191 0.072469 9.924064 0.0000
EGARCH(2) -0.399615 0.061174 -6.532435 0.0000
R-squared 0.997077 Mean dependent var 346.8966
Adjusted R-squared 0.996103 S.D. dependent var 533.1383
S.E. of regression 33.28282 Akaike info criterion 5.592889
Sum squared resid 23262.67 Schwarz criterion 5.970074
Log likelihood -73.09689 Durbin-Watson stat 2.016922
0
5
10
15
20
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Series: FS
Sample19812009
Observations 29
Mean 1.413793
Median 0.000000
Maximum 6.000000
Minimum 0.000000
Std.Dev. 2.179732
Skewness 1.139902
Kurtosis 2.737880
Jarque-Bera 6.363338
Probability 0.041516
Fig. 1: Trends in frequency of strikes from 1981 t0 2009
0
2
4
6
8
82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 00
FS
Fig.2: Trends in frequency of strikes before year 2000
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¶
0
2
4
6
8
00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09
FS
Fig.2: Trends in frequency of strikes after year 2000
0
400
800
1200
1600
85 90 95 00 05
MHL
Fig.2: Trends in man hour loss due to strikes from 1981 to 2009
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