Ecological design, also known as eco-design or sustainable design, aims to minimize environmental impact and enhance quality of life for humans and other species. It involves considering ecological context and principles in the design process to create harmonious products, buildings, landscapes, and systems. Key principles of ecological design include life cycle assessment, biophilia, resource efficiency, regenerative design, passive design, biomimicry, low-impact materials, design for adaptation, community engagement, and systems thinking.

1. Ecological Design
• Ecological design, also known as eco-design or sustainable design, is an approach to design that aims to minimize environmental impact while enhancing the overall quality of life
for both humans and other species. It involves considering the ecological context and principles in the design process to create products, buildings, landscapes, and systems that
are harmonious with nature.
• Key principles and strategies of ecological design include:
• Life Cycle Assessment (LCA): Assessing the environmental impacts of a product or system throughout its entire life cycle, from raw material extraction to disposal.
• Biophilia: Incorporating elements of nature into design to improve human well-being and connection to the natural world.
• Resource Efficiency: Minimizing resource consumption and waste generation by using renewable resources, designing for durability and recyclability, and reducing energy
consumption.
• Regenerative Design: Designing systems that not only minimize harm but also contribute positively to the environment by restoring ecosystems, enhancing biodiversity, and
improving soil health.
• Passive Design: Utilizing natural elements such as sunlight, wind, and vegetation to achieve thermal comfort, lighting, and ventilation in buildings, reducing the need for
mechanical systems.
• Biomimicry: Drawing inspiration from nature’s designs and processes to develop innovative solutions that are efficient, resilient, and sustainable.
• Low-Impact Materials: Choosing materials that have minimal environmental impact in their extraction, processing, use, and disposal phases, such as recycled or rapidly
renewable materials.
• Design for Adaptation: Anticipating and accommodating future changes, including climate change, population growth, and technological advancements, in the design process.
• Community Engagement: Involving stakeholders in the design process to ensure that projects meet the needs of the community and are culturally and socially appropriate.
• Systems Thinking: Considering the interconnectedness of environmental, social, and economic factors in design decisions, and aiming for holistic solutions that address multiple
objectives simultaneously.