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Module-5: Modern Surveying Instruments: Introduction, Electromagnetic spectrum, Electromagnetic distance
measurement, Total station, LiDAR scanners for topographical survey. Remote Sensing: Introduction, Principles
of energy interaction in atmosphere and earth surface features, Image interpretation techniques, visual
interpretation. Digital image processing, Global Positioning system
Geographical Information System: Definition of GIS, Key Components of GIS, Functions of GIS, Spatial data,
spatial information system Geospatial analysis, Integration of Remote sensing and GIS and Applications in Civil
Engineering (transportation, town planning)
Modern Surveying Instruments Introduction
In conventional surveying, chain and tape are used for making linear measurements while compass and
ordinary theodolites are used for making angular measurements. Levelling work is carried out using a Dumpy
level and a leveling staff. With such surveying instruments, survey work will be slow and tedious. Hence
modern surveying instruments are becoming more popular and they are gradually replacing old surveying
instruments such as compass and Dumpy level. With modern surveying instruments, survey work will be
precise, faster and less tedious.
There are three methods of measuring distance between two points:
a) DDM or Direct distance measurement - This is mainly done by chaining or taping. The method of direct
distance measurement cannot be implemented in difficult terrains. When large amount of inconsistency in the
terrain or large obstructions exist, this method is avoided.
b) ODM or Optical distance measurement - This measurement is conducted by tacheometry, horizontal
subtense method or telemetric method. These are carried out with the help of optical wedge attachments. It is
limited to 15 to 150m with accuracy of 1 in 1000 to 1 in 10000.
c) EDM or Electromagnetic distance measurement - Electronic distance measurement (EDM) is a method of
determining the length between two points, using phase changes, that occur as electromagnetic energy waves
travels from one end of the line to the other end. EDM has an accuracy upto 1 in 105, having a distance range
upto 100 km

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Modern suveying equipment.pptx

  • 1. Module-5: Modern Surveying Instruments: Introduction, Electromagnetic spectrum, Electromagnetic distance measurement, Total station, LiDAR scanners for topographical survey. Remote Sensing: Introduction, Principles of energy interaction in atmosphere and earth surface features, Image interpretation techniques, visual interpretation. Digital image processing, Global Positioning system Geographical Information System: Definition of GIS, Key Components of GIS, Functions of GIS, Spatial data, spatial information system Geospatial analysis, Integration of Remote sensing and GIS and Applications in Civil Engineering (transportation, town planning) Modern Surveying Instruments Introduction In conventional surveying, chain and tape are used for making linear measurements while compass and ordinary theodolites are used for making angular measurements. Levelling work is carried out using a Dumpy level and a leveling staff. With such surveying instruments, survey work will be slow and tedious. Hence modern surveying instruments are becoming more popular and they are gradually replacing old surveying instruments such as compass and Dumpy level. With modern surveying instruments, survey work will be precise, faster and less tedious. There are three methods of measuring distance between two points: a) DDM or Direct distance measurement - This is mainly done by chaining or taping. The method of direct distance measurement cannot be implemented in difficult terrains. When large amount of inconsistency in the terrain or large obstructions exist, this method is avoided. b) ODM or Optical distance measurement - This measurement is conducted by tacheometry, horizontal subtense method or telemetric method. These are carried out with the help of optical wedge attachments. It is limited to 15 to 150m with accuracy of 1 in 1000 to 1 in 10000. c) EDM or Electromagnetic distance measurement - Electronic distance measurement (EDM) is a method of determining the length between two points, using phase changes, that occur as electromagnetic energy waves travels from one end of the line to the other end. EDM has an accuracy upto 1 in 105, having a distance range upto 100 km