Research Meeting

1. 1/30/2024 Dept. of Electronics and Communication Engineering 1
Design and Analysis of Multiband Spider Slot Patch
Antenna for 5G and Underwater Communication
Presented
By
Dr. A. Pramod Kumar
Associate Professor
ECE

2. Dept. of Electronics and Communication Engineering 2
Outline:
• Introduction
• Objective
• Motivation
• Techniques to Achieve Multiband
• Proposed Method and Results
• Future Research Scope
• Conclusion
• References

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Introduction:
• In present days, human beings are facing so many health issues in
their daily life, due to the excess amount of salt and sugar in the food
and drinking waters.
• In order to determine the how much salt and sugar are included in
the food and water.
• Radio waves can be transmitted underwater and among water as
well as air.
• The hybrid wireless sensor networks that contain surface as well as
deep nodes.

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Engineering 4
Objective :
• To investigate quality water in the ground level with the help of
this antenna.
• To achieve large impedance bandwidth characteristics.
• To attain more gain and efficacy.
• To minimize the MPA cross polarization and to achieve the
circular polarization.
• Analyse the how much level of ground water is contaminated.

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Engineering 5
Motivation:
• Water is essential for survival of life on the earth, in this reason I
was selected this work.
• Groundwater is one of the major sources of water for drinking
and domestic utility of mankind.
• we need to measure the quality of the groundwater for its
maximum utilisation.
• This works mainly concentrates on measuring the excellence of
the water through the aid of slot antenna and ultra-sonic sensor.

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Techniques to achieve Multi-Band:
Different techniques are used to design multiband antenna such as:
(a) Cutting slot on the patch [10]
(b) Defective ground structure (DGS) [11]
(c) Meander line [12]
(d) Fractal shapes [13]
(e) Parasitic elements [14]
(f) Metamaterial structures [15]
(a) (b)
(c)
(d) (e)
(f)

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Fig1. Ground Water Monitoring System
Fig2. Spider shaped antenna
The recommended work is having a two spider slots patch antenna,
both the slots are identical to each other. It is fabricated on 12.5 x 13.5
x 0.8 mm3 RT/duroid 5880 which has dielectric constant ɛr=2.2 as well
as loss tangent of 0.0009.

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Design Equations:
1
h
w

• Effectivity permittivity:
1/2
w
h
12
1
2
1
r
ε
2
1
r
ε
reff
ε












• Extended length of the patch to the height of substrate:
 
  

















8
.
0
258
.
0
264
.
0
3
.
0
412
.
0
h
w
h
w
h
L
reff
reff


• Effective length of the patch:
L
L
Leff


 2
• Resonance frequency:
r
r
ε
2L
c
f 
• Width of the radiating patch:
1
r
ε
2
2f
c
w
r 

Here:
W= Width of the Patch
L= Length of the patch
h=Height of the substrate
Εr=Permittivity of the
substrate
fr= Resonance frequency

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Fig3. Antenna measurement flow diagram
Fig4. Return Loss plot
Results:

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Contd..
Fig5. VSWR Plot
Fig6. Radiation Patterns at different frequencies

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Dept. of Electronics and
Communication Engineering 11
Contd..
00
900 1800
2700
Fig7. Surface current distribution and 3-D plots

12. 1/30/2024
Dept. of Electronics and Communication Engineering 12
Contd..
Fig8. Prototype Antenna
Fig.9.Ground Water quality assessment

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Results Table:
Sampled
Water
pH Total
hardness(
mg/l)
Chloride
(mg/l)
Total
Dissolved
Solids(mg/l
)
1 7.6 702 195 258
2 6.6 681 274.91 238
3 7.27 650 209.93 253
4 7.13 726 189.94 246
Table 2.Permissibale range
Parameter Drinking Water
Permissible range
Ground Water range
in quality
pH 6.5-8.5 6.3-8.88
Colour(HU) 5-15 4-27
Conductivity(µS/cm)
300-
600(WHO/ICMR)
450-1970
Total Dissolved
Solids(ppm) 500-2000 1010-9300
Table 1.Obtained Results

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Dept. of Electronics and
Communication Engineering 14
Future Research Scope
Millimeter wave on-chip antenna
• Millimeter wave design in CMOS is an exciting emerging area of research with
interesting academic research problems and commercial applications.
• The mm wave frequency range is 30GHz to 300GHz its wavelength 0.01mm to
0.001mm.
• The design of highly integrated transmitting and receiving system in silicon at
millimeter waves. The integration of the antenna on the silicon chip is feasible.it
allows the ultimate on-die integration of the entire wireless trans receiver.
Eliminating the need for any off-chip interconnections.
• Designing a high gain and high efficiency on-chip antenna (OCA) is very
challenge issue because of the high permittivity and low resistivity of the silicon
or siGe substrate.
• On-chip antennas having high efficiency and high gain.

15.  In present days 5G and underwater communication plays a pivotal
role in most of the communication systems.
 primary characteristic of this antenna is its ability to operate over
multiple bands and asses the ground water quality.
 I hope this work more useful to the further researcher to solve the
water issues and minimize the more problems related to the
ground water.
Dept. of Electronics and Communication Engineering 15

16. Dept. of Electronics and Communication
Engineering 16
References:
[1]S. Chouhan, D. K. Panda, V. S. Kushwah, and S. Singhal, “Spider-shaped fractal MIMO antenna for WLAN/WiMAX/Wi-Fi/Bluetooth/C-band
applications,” AEU - International Journal of Electronics and Communications, vol. 110, p. 152871, Oct. 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.aeue.2019.152871.
[2]A. P. Kumar and G. K. Kumar, “A novel high gain dual band ear bud shaped patch antenna for under water communications,” p. 13.
[3]P. Aylapogu and K. Gurrala, “A mm wave circularly polarized tri-band saucer shaped antenna for under water monitoring,” MicrosystTechnol, Apr.
2022, doi: 10.1007/s00542-022-05290-z.
[4]A. R. H. Alhawariet al., “Compact Elliptical UWB Antenna for Underwater Wireless Communications,” Micromachines, vol. 12, no. 4, p. 411, Apr.
2021, doi: 10.3390/mi12040411.
[5] Chan H see, Jamal Kosha, Widad A Mshwat, Raed A Abd-Alhameed, Felcia L.C. Ong, Neil J. McEwan, Peter S.Excell, “Design of mobile band
surface antenna for drainage infrastructure monitoring ,” IET Microwave, Antenna & Propagation , vol. 13,issue 13, pp. 2380–2385, 2019, doi:
10.1049/iet-map.2019.0243.
[6]M. T. Islam, Md. N. Rahman, M. S. J. Singh, and Md. Samsuzzaman, “Detection of Salt and Sugar Contents in Water on the Basis of Dielectric
Properties Using Microstrip Antenna-Based Sensor,” IEEE Access, vol. 6, pp. 4118–4126, 2018, doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2017.2787689.
[7] Parthasarathy Ramanujam, Chandrasekhar Arumugam, Ramesh Venkatesan, Manimaran Ponnusamy, “Design of compact patch antenna with
enhanced gain and bandwidth for 5G mm-wave applications,” IET Microwave, Antenna & Propagation , vol. 14,issue 12, pp. 1455–1461, 2020, doi:
10.1049/iet-map.2019.0891.
[8]A. Hossain, M. T. Islam, N. Misran, M. S. Islam, and M. Samsuzzaman, “A mutual coupled spider net-shaped triple split ring resonator based epsilon-
negative metamaterials with high effective medium ratio for quad-band microwave applications,” Results in Physics, vol. 22, p. 103902, Mar. 2021, doi:
10.1016/j.rinp.2021.103902Y. Cai, A. Savanth, P. Prabhat, J. Myers, A. S. Weddell and T. J. Kazmierski, "Ultra-low power 18-transistor fully static
contention-free single-phase clocked flip-flop in 65-nm CMOS", IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. 54, no. 2, pp. 550-559, Feb. 2019.

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Thank
You !!!