EC oral assignment - Suhail AL Marzouqi - 202213088
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The document discusses the importance of preserving marine life in the UAE. Various threats like pollution, climate change, and overfishing are negatively impacting marine ecosystems. Proposed solutions include expanding marine protected areas, implementing stronger policies to reduce pollution like plastic waste, and promoting more sustainable fishing practices. Combined efforts in these areas can help protect vulnerable species and allow marine habitats and populations to recover.
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Small island developing states face significant challenges to managing natural resources and ensuring food security due to climate change impacts like sea level rise, increased temperatures, and more extreme weather. This threatens agriculture, fisheries, and livelihoods. SIDS also struggle with import-reliance, limited land, and competition over land use. To address these issues, SIDS are prioritizing disaster risk reduction, building climate resilience, establishing coordination frameworks, and developing financial mechanisms to support recovery efforts. Partnerships across agencies and internationally are also key to supporting adaptation efforts.
Ecosystems Adaptation to Global Warming
Natural ecosystems are one of our most precious resources, critical for sustaining life on the planet. The benefits humans derive from ecosystems are varied, from marketable products such as pharmaceuticals, to recreational opportunities such as camping, to ecosystems services such as erosion control and water purification. For many people, nature plays a powerful spiritual and aesthetic role in their lives, and many place a high value on the existence of wilderness and nature for its own sake. Despite the critical roles ecosystems play, these areas are increasingly threatened by the impacts of a growing human population through habitat destruction and air and water pollution. Added to these stresses comes a new threat — global climate change resulting from increased greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere. “Ecosystems and Global Climate Change†is the fifth in a series of the Pew Center reports examining the potential impacts of climate change on the U.S. environment. It details the very real possibility that warming over this century will jeopardize the integrity of many of the terrestrial ecosystems on which we depend. Among the many key issues raised are With warming, the distribution of terrestrial ecosystems will change as plants and animals follow the shifting climate. The eastern United States will likely lose many of its deciduous forests as the climate zones shift northwards, while more mountainous regions, like portions of the West, will see species and ecosystems migrate up mountain slopes from lower elevations.Both the amount and rate of warming predicted represent a threat to our nation’s biodiversity. Certain species may face dwindling numbers and even extinction if they are unable to migrate fast enough to keep up with the changing climate. Likewise, as warming shrinks the zone of cold conditions in upper latitudes and on mountains, the future of species that depend on such climates will be in jeopardy.Climate change is likely to alter ecosystem composition and function — that is, which species make up an ecosystem and the way in which energy and materials flow through these systems. These modifications are bound to alter the amount and quantity of the various goods and services ecosystems provide.Ecosystems are inherently complex and difficult to model, and our ability to predict exactly how species and ecosystems will respond to a changing climate is limited. This uncertainty limits our ability to mitigate, minimize, or ameliorate the effects of climate change on terrestrial ecosystems. In order to maximize nature’s own potential to adapt to climate change, we must continue to support existing strategies to conserve biodiversity and protect natural ecosystems. Surendar Kumar "Ecosystems Adaptation to Global Warming" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-5 , August 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd50490.pdf Paper
Exploring the Fascinating World of the Green Sea Ecology, Biodiversity, and C...
The Green Sea is a vast and complex ecosystem that is home to a diverse array of marine species, including fish, crustaceans, mammals, and birds. It is a critical component of the world's oceans and plays a vital role in maintaining the health and well-being of the planet's biodiversity. However, the Green Sea faces numerous threats, including overfishing, habitat destruction, pollution, climate change, and invasive species.
The biodiversity of the Green Sea is one of its most important features. It includes a variety of habitats, such as coral reefs, seagrass beds, and estuaries, which provide essential breeding, feeding, and sheltering grounds for numerous species. Coral reefs are particularly important as they support a high level of biodiversity and provide essential ecosystem services, such as carbon sequestration and shoreline protection. Unfortunately, coral reefs are under threat due to a variety of factors, including warming oceans, acidification, pollution, and destructive fishing practices.
Seagrass beds are also critical habitats in the Green Sea, providing food and shelter for a variety of species, including sea turtles, fish, and crustaceans. Seagrass beds also play a vital role in nutrient cycling and carbon sequestration, making them important for the overall health of the marine ecosystem. However, seagrass beds are also under threat, primarily from coastal development and pollution.
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Addressing The Vulnerability Of SIDS
1) The document discusses the vulnerability of small island developing states (SIDS) to climate change impacts such as sea level rise, extreme weather events, loss of biodiversity, and water scarcity.
2) SIDS are disproportionately affected by climate change even though they contribute very little to global greenhouse gas emissions, highlighting issues of equity in the global climate system.
3) The document explores renewable energy options that can help SIDS mitigate and adapt to climate change impacts, reducing reliance on imported fossil fuels and promoting sustainable development. Articles examine the potential of biofuels, fisheries policies, and geothermal/hydropower to support SIDS energy needs.
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Ecosystem Based Fisheries Management (EBFM) is a holistic approach that considers the complex interactions within fisheries, including impacts on fish stocks, the marine environment, and social and economic benefits. EBFM aims to balance the preservation of social, economic, and cultural benefits derived from fisheries with efforts to minimize impacts on the marine environment and fish populations. In contrast to older approaches that consider only target species, EBFM incorporates social, economic, and ecological factors into management decisions. The goal of EBFM is to maintain the health, integrity, and sustainability of the ecosystem while sustaining human needs and resource productivity.
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Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
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Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
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2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
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EC oral assignment - Suhail AL Marzouqi - 202213088
- 1. PRESERVING MARINE LIFE IN THE UAE DONE BY: SUHAIL KHALED ALMARZOUQI
- 2. Preserving marine life in the UAE is critical due to various causes impacting its ecosystems and the subsequent effects on biodiversity, fishers, and tourism. INTRODUCTION
- 3. pollution climate change CAUSES AND EFFECTS Industrial waste, plastic pollution, and oil spills harm marine habitats, affecting the health of aquatic species and ecosystems (Shah, 2020). Rising sea temperatures, ocean acidification, and extreme weather events pose threats to marine life, leading to habitat loss and the decline of sensitive species.
- 4. Reducing pollution : PROPOSED SOLUTIONS Implementing stricter waste management policies, promoting recycling, and conducting regular coastal clean-ups.
- 5. IN-DEPTH LOOK: MARINE PROTECTED AREAS (MPA’S) MPAs act as sanctuaries for marine life, protecting vulnerable species and habitats. The UAE can expand existing MPAs or create new ones in ecologically sensitive areas (Gulseven, 2020). This helps replenish fish populations besides allowing ecosystems to recover.
- 6. An integrated approach combining various solutions is crucial. For instance, sustainable fishing practices within MPAs can foster healthy fish populations while reducing overfishing (Burt & Paparella, 2023). Combining efforts to reduce pollution, especially plastic waste, can help preserve marine habitats and protect diverse marine species within MPAs and beyond COMBINED SOLUTIONS
- 7. Gulseven, O. (2020). Measuring achievements towards SDG 14, life below water, in the United Arab Emirates. Marine Policy, 117, 103972. Shah, P. A., Alyammahi, E. A. O. S., Alnaqbi, M. A. M. Q., Alzaabi, K. M. M. A., Aldhanhani, A. M. A. E., & Hameed, Z. (2020, April). An Artificially Intelligent Marine Life Surveillance and Protection System (MLSPS). In Proceedings of International Conference on Information Technology and Applications: ICITA 2021 (pp. 273-282). Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore. Burt, J. A., & Paparella, F. (2023). The Marine Environment of the Emirates. In A Natural History of the Emirates (pp. 95-117). Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland. REFERENCES