This document provides an overview of early African civilizations, covering the African landscape and natural resources, including the Sahara desert, rain forests, savannas, and Mediterranean zone. It also summarizes trade networks that developed, both within Africa and connecting it to other regions, such as Trans-Saharan and Indian Ocean trade routes. Finally, it outlines some aspects of society, culture, and religions in early Africa, including clan systems, slavery, and the spread of Christianity, Islam, and traditional village religions.