The document summarizes a presentation about wikis and blogs, how they work, why they are popular ways to publish content online, and how agencies can use them. It discusses key aspects of wikis like Wikipedia, different types of wikis, and guidelines for writing wiki content. For blogs, it covers what blogs are, how agencies and individuals blog, and legal and policy issues to consider before starting an agency blog. The presentation also briefly introduces social networking tools like YouTube, LinkedIn, and Twitter.

1. Wikis and Blogs: When, Why, and How to Use Them Leslie O’Flahavan, E-WRITE Administrative Office of the US Courts Washington, DC September 4, 2008

2. Presentation overview What wikis and blogs are and how they work Why wikis and blogs are such a popular way to publish content online How a wiki or blog could help your agency How to manage some of the liabilities of wikis and blogs A little bit about social networking…if time allows

3. Presentation schedule Start and 9 a.m. EST End at 1 p.m. Have a 15-minute break at about 11 a.m. Participate in activities throughout

4. Part 1: Not all wikis are encyclopedias

5. What is a wiki? “ A wiki’s just like a web site, only you can edit it.”

6. What is a wiki? From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia “ A wiki is a website that allows visitors to add, remove, edit and change content, typically without the need for registration. It also allows for linking among any number of pages. This ease of interaction and operation makes a wiki an effective tool for mass collaborative authoring . The term wiki can also refer to the collaborative software itself ( wiki engine ) that facilitates the operation of such a site, or to certain specific wiki sites, including the computer science site (the original wiki) WikiWikiWeb and online encyclopedias such as Wikipedia .”

7. Wikipedia: the most familiar wiki example

8. Wikipedia Main Page

9. Wikipedia: C&O Canal page

10. C&O Canal Discussion page

11. C&O Canal Discussion page

12. C&O Canal Editing page

13. C&O Canal Revision History page

14. Common Craft: “Wikis in Plain English”

15. Discuss: How might a wiki solve your department’s own e-mail-related communication problem?

16. How do a wiki and web site differ?

17. National Park Service’s C&O Canal site

18. C&O Canal Association’s site

19. What kinds of wikis does this presentation cover? Federal, state, local Project or task wikis: Project Communication Application Support Research Product Planning Customer Service

20. Some wiki samples …

21. Shrink and Grow: “This wiki acts as a design doc for the game…”

22. RocWiki.org – the People’s Guide to Rochester

23. wikiHow: “The How-to Manual Anyone Can Write Or Edit”

24. FLICC/Fedlink Environmental Scan wiki

25. NCI caBIG

26. National Alliance for Medical Image Computing wiki

27. US Court of Appeals – Seventh Circuit

28. Article on 7 th Circuit’s wiki

29. Argonne National Lab’s SEED Project Wiki

30. The AAA Wiki … “ Welcome to the AAA Wiki - created to coordinate the Assembly, Alignment and Annotation of the now 12 sequenced Drosophila genomes.”

31. Goochland County Public Schools

32. MassGIS Geospatial Web Services project wiki

33. “… caGrid provides the core enabling infrastructure necessary to compose the Grid of caBIG™”

34. Intellipedia

35. The “hall of mirrors” wiki: a presentation by Janel Brennan-Tillmann, UMD Coord. of Foreign Lang. Instructional Technology

36. Is it a wiki or a web page?

37. Why are wikis so popular? Anyone can write or edit Outside the normal permissions and approval process for web content Encourage interaction Easy to learn User-defined life span

38. Wikis vs. Web sites Require permission to publish Mediated by experts Transactional Governed by workflow or publishing cycle Graphic design conveys content organization to user Staffed by professionals with a range of skills: designers, developers, content types Judged by outcomes Relevant Useful Correct Alive Updated regularly Read Authored collaboratively Little to no graphic design Foster dialogue or conversation Socially mediated Content author in charge of content over time Web Sites Shared Traits Wikis

39. Edit-before-publish vs. Edit-after-publish “ Something that’s 80% accurate, on time, and shareable is better than something that is too much, perfectly formatted, too late, and over-classified.” Chris Rasmussen, Knowledge Management Officer, Intellipedia, National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency, Department of Defense

40. Discuss What are the risks involved in launching a wiki for your department or court? What kinds of policies or guidelines would you need to have in place to offset the risks?

41. Why do you need wiki writing guidelines? Organic growth of content can cause many communication problems Producing valuable content of any type requires reviewing and editing Wiki users search vs. navigate , thus putting extra pressure on words

42. What should the wiki writing guidelines cover? How to organize content How to make content easy to read How to write as a wiki citizen

43. Guidelines on writing to organize How to name pages Use concrete descriptive words; use the most commonly searched terms: not ID but Social Security Number or Passport Strive for names you can use in a sentence: not hips – replacement surgery but hip replacement surgery Provide guidance on caps, numbers, special characters Give a name that will last over time: not Proposal – Final Version Avoid beginning with articles: not The Interagency Agreements Team Develop naming guidelines for different types of pages/articles How (or whether) to group pages

44. Clear naming at Library Success: A Best Practices Wiki

45. HRE Wiki: Naming Problem HREwiki Home Ready-to-use resources Resources in development Images New topics Projects Useful websites http://hrewiki.pbwiki.com/ Featured resources the Univeral Declaration of Human Rights Nepal death Penalty - teaching materials Discrimination Voices of people affected by human rights abuses Ideas for HRE Using this wiki Request a password Writing for this wiki Developing this wiki 'How to' Reporting problems Reproducing content Terms of Use Disclaimer About

46. Debian wiki: organized by user

47. Guidelines on writing readable wiki content Headings Vertical lists Links (no click here ) Conciseness Tone Mechanical correctness Spelling Punctuation Grammar Abbreviations Dates

48. Wiki wall of words …

49. Bulleted wiki article: Easy to scan or read?

50. Developing a wiki that contains few content types requires explicit writing guidance.

51. PolicyOptions Wiki: Lots of guidance about writing issue briefs

52. Guidelines on writing as a wiki citizen Use your real name Write objectively (?) Comment considerately Contribute original content Avoid slang Explain edits in “Comments” section

53. Wiki software options MediaWiki – www.mediawiki.org Tikiwiki - www.tikiwiki.org PBwiki - http://pbwiki.com/ Wikipedia’s article “Comparison of wiki software” at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_wiki_software

54. Wiki writing guidelines ColabWiki: Wiki Style Guide IBM’s Redwiki Writing Guidelines and Etiquette wikiHow’s Writer’s Guide BattleMaster wiki Style Guide LinuxQuestions.org’s LQWiki:Manual of Style MuppetWiki Building a successful wiki community

55. Wiki resources NIH Wiki Fair – February 28, 2007 Wiki Home Page at COLAB , the collaborative work environment: “Hosted by GSA Intergovernmental Solutions” “Which Wiki is Right for You?” in School Library Journal , May 1, 2007

56. Part 2: Blogs

57. What is a blog? “ A weblog, which is usually shortened to blog, is a website where regular entries are made (such as in a journal or diary) and presented in reverse chronological order. Blogs often offer commentary or news on a particular subject, such as technology, politics, or local news… A…blog combines text, images, and links to other blogs, web pages, and other media related to its topic.

58. How is a blog different from a website? Easy to set up to update to organize and archive Interactive Personal—Individual POV, not agency

59. How do blogs work? How do you publish a blog? How do you read a blog?

60. How do you publish a blog? Use off-the-shelf, user-friendly software (blogware) to Create new blog posts Organize, archive and retrieve information from old posts Create links from your posts Enable other bloggers to link back to a specific post on your blog (Permalinks) Let bloggers see who has viewed their posts and commented (TrackBack)

61. How do you read a blog? Subscribe to a blog with RSS (Really Simple Syndication) feed Portal or browser based aggregators (GoogleReader) Web based aggregators (Bloglines, FeedReader) E-mail updates

62. Subscribe with RSS

63. Use a blog aggregator

64. Get blog posts by e-mail

65. Who blogs? “In April 2007, blog search and measurement firm Technorati was tracking over 70 million blogs and reported seeing about 120,000 new blogs created each day. That's 1.4 blogs every second.” (webcontent.gov)

66. Who blogs in the Federal government?

67. Why do Federal agencies blog? Communicate with the public Communicate internally Blogging “puts a human face on government [and] makes government more open.” --Bev Godwin, USA.gov

68. Humanize your agency Create a dialogue Get feedback Keep public updated Improve visibility—search engine placement A new way to communicate with the public

69. Share information Create community agency-wide, nationwide or worldwide A new way to communicate within the agency

70. Before starting a blog, consider What’s your purpose? Who will write the blog? Will you allow comments? What’s your approval process? What legal issues should you address?

71. Disseminate Information: DC Public Safety Blog

72. Support a project: The Big Read

73. Add Value: Eye Level

74. Customer interaction: TSA’s Evolution of Security

75. A 6-week special event blog: EPA

76. Personal Experience: Volunteer Journals

77. Discuss: How could a blog help your organization improve communication?

78. Who will write the blog? “They’ve got to be authentic. You must be the author of your post—not your staff, not your secretary or administrative staff, and certainly not your campaign manager or consultant.” -- Christopher Barger, IBM blogging consultant

79. Director, Corps of Engineers

80. Director, CBO

81. A team of employees

82. Front-line employees

83. Will you allow comments? Most federal agencies allow comments Will you moderate or edit the comments? Edit for grammar Edit for content Limit comments to specific issues What will you do with the comments—feedback?

84. Will you allow comments? Without comments, a blog is “just a glorified press release.” -- Mike Cornfield, professor, George Washington University

85. No Comments

86. Enabling comments

87. The Corps-e-spondence comments policy

88. Evolution of Security comments policy

89. How will you use comments? Change policies or programs Get customer feedback Incorporate comments into your posts

90. Incorporate comments: Corps-e-spondence

91. The blog approval process? Outside formal clearance process Posts will need to be reviewed before they’re published Blogger + blog’s purpose + blog publication schedule

92. Legal issues Confidentiality Does your organization have confidentially guidelines for other types of communication? Children’s Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA) Copyright

93. Establish and publish blog policies Incorporate your decisions on into a written blog policy Purpose Writers/contributors Comments policy Approvals process Legal Issues

94. Publish your blog policies: GSA GovGab

95. Resources Blogs from the U.S. Government http://www.usa.gov/Topics/Reference_Shelf/News/blog.shtml Blogs in Government , Bev Godwin, July, 2006 http://www.usa.gov/webcontent/documents/Blogs_in_Government_June_2006.pdf Webcontent.gov http://www.usa.gov/webcontent/technology/blogs.shtml

96. Managing the liabilities of wikis and blogs Before publishing, identify the purpose of your wiki or blog and measure the risk against that purpose Remember that wikis and blogs are publishing tools; we CAN manage publishing Develop guidelines for publishers/contributors and for users/readers Limit access Learn from those who have gone before you!

97. Blog Scenario #1 Your agency director wants each division head to write an internal blog. The director wants to review each blog post by each division head before it’s posted. “We speak with one voice and that voice is the voice of the director.”

98. Blog Scenario #2 Due to changes in legislation, a post from March 2008 contains incorrect information.

99. Wiki scenario #1 You launch a wiki, tell the team about it, set up passwords for all contributors, and post information on the wiki yourself. No one else contributes content or refers to the wiki.

100. Wiki scenario #2 Your wiki is growing rapidly and some of the content is of “first draft” quality.

101. Wiki scenario #3: “Joe” writes an e-mail to “Sue.” His e-mail includes a well-written explanation of a complex process. Sue likes the e-mail so well that she publishes it to the department’s wiki without asking Joe’s permission.

102. Social Networking: Sharing, Rating, Connecting

103. Sharing: YouTube

104. Sharing: Slideshare

105. Rating or social bookmarking

106. Rating: Digg

107. Rating: StumbleUpon

108. Connecting: LinkedIn

109. LinkedIn: US Courts

110. Connecting: Facebook

111. Connecting: Ning

112. Connecting: Twitter

113. Questions or comments? Clare De Cleene Web Communications Manager Administrative Office of the U.S. Courts [email_address] 202-502-1182 (Direct Line) 202-502-2615 (Web Help Desk) Leslie O’Flahavan E-WRITE [email_address] 301-989-9583