The document discusses the history and evolution of e-commerce, from early electronic data interchange (EDI) between businesses in the 1960s to the modern age of online commerce. It notes that EDI provided a standardized, paperless way for businesses to exchange documents electronically but was costly for smaller businesses. The rise of the internet in the 1990s opened up new opportunities for businesses and consumers to engage in e-commerce through online marketplaces. This led to the adoption of digital signatures to secure electronic transactions and provide authentication, message integrity, and non-repudiation of data.

1. RENU VERMA 1
E – COMMERCE

2. RENU VERMA 2
E-COMMERCE
 PAPERLESS EXCHANGE OF
BUSINESS INFORMATION USING
ELECTRONIC DATA INTERCHANGE
(EDI) AND RELATED TECHNOLOGY
 NEW WAY OF CONDUCTING,
MANAGING AND EXECUTING
BUSINESS TRANSACTIONS USING
COMPUTER AND
TELECOMMUNICATION

3. RENU VERMA 3
E-COMMERCE (CONTD.)
 BUYING AND SELLING PRODUCTS AND
SERVICES OVER THE INTERNET AND
THE WORLD WIDE WEB (WWW).
 INCLUDES ALL FORMS OF COMMERCIAL
TRANSACTIONS INVOLVING BOTH,
INDIVIDUAL BASED AND
ORGANIZATION BASED.
 ELECTRONIC PROCESSING AND
TRANSMISSION OF DATA.

4. RENU VERMA 4
TYPES OF E-COMMERCE
TRANSACTIONS
 B2B – (BUSINESS TO BUSINESS)
 TRANSACTION BETWEEN TWO BUSINESS
ORGANIZATIONS
 USING INTERNET
 B2C -- (BUSINESS TO CUSTOMER)
 BUSINESS ENTITY ON ONE SIDE AND AN INDIVIDUAL
CUSTOMER ON THE OTHER SIDE.
 E.G.– WWW.REDIFF.COM -----
 FACILITY FOR CUSTOMERS TO BUY GOODS FROM THE
WEBSITE.
 SERVES PURPOSE OF A SHOP
 C2C -- (CUSTOMER TO CUSTOMER)
 TWO OR MORE CUSTOMER, WHEREBY, THE BUSINESS
ENTITY MERELY PROVIDES A WEB BASED INTERFACE.
 WWW.EBAY.COM
 PROVIDES WEB BASED INTERFACE.

5. RENU VERMA 5
ELECTRONIC DATA
INTERCHANGE (EDI)
 POST AND TELEGRAPHS --
TRADITIONAL
 TELEPHONES – FAST – FORWADED
 BUSINESS GREW COMPLCATED AND
EXISTENCE OF HARD CORE
COMPETITION -- SO ---- SPEEDIER
TECHNOLOGY.

6. RENU VERMA 6
ELECTRONIC DATA
INTERCHANGE (EDI) (CONTD.)
 NEED OF THE TIME
 SPEED AND STANDARDIZATION
 TRADITIONAL FORMATS --- A HABIT
AND NECESSITY.
 E.G. - FORMS OF PURCHASE ORDERS,
INVOICES, SHIPPING NOITCES, EXPORT /
IMPORT INFORMATION, CARRIER TO
CARRIER WAY BILLS, FUND TRANSFERS,
ETC…

7. RENU VERMA 7
ELECTRONIC DATA
INTERCHANGE (EDI) (CONTD.)
ANSWER
 ‘PAPERLESS’ APPROACH
 ELECTRONIC DATA INTERCHANGE (EDI)
 AN APPLICATION TO APPLICATION
EXCHANGE, OF, STANDARD BUSINESS
DOCUMENTS IN AN ELECTRONIC
FORMAT BETWEEN 2 OR MORE
ENTITIES THROUGH COMPUTERS.

8. RENU VERMA 8
ELECTRONIC DATA
INTERCHANGE (EDI) (CONTD.)
 EDI -- REPLACES -- HUMAN-
READABLE PAPER OR ELECTRONIC
BASED DOCUMENTS WITH MACHINE-
READABLE ELECTRONIC CODED
DOCUMENTS.
 SENDING MACHINE ----- CREATES &
RECEIVING MACHINE ----
INTERPRETS
----------- WITHOUT HUMAN
INVOLVEMENT.

9. RENU VERMA 9
THE EARLY ADOPTERS
 EARLY 60’S
COMPANIES RUNNING
COMPLEX OPERATIONS
IN THE AIRLINES,
SHIPPING, RAILROAD &
RETAIL SECTORS.

10. RENU VERMA 10
THE EARLY ADOPTERS
(CONTD.)
 1968
 GROUP OF RAILROAD COMPANIES ---
CONCERN --- QUALITY OF DATA.
 FORMED ORGANIZATION
 TRANSPORTATION DATA CO-ORDINATING
COMMITTEE (TDCC).
 PUBLICATION OF TDCC ELECTRONIC DATA
INTERCHANGE STANDARDS.
 TRANSPORTATION & FOOD
INDUSTRIES.

11. RENU VERMA 11
THE EARLY ADOPTERS
(CONTD.)
 EARLY 70’S
 DEVELOPMENT OF SHARED EDI
SYSTEM SPONSORED BY 3RD PARTIES.
 E.g. ORDERNET SPONSORED BY
PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY.
 PROBLEM
 NOT COMPATIBLE TO OTHER TRADE
GROUPS --- THE EDI SYSTEM.

12. RENU VERMA 12
THE EARLY ADOPTERS
(CONTD.)
 IN 1979, AMERICAN NATIONAL
STANDARDS INSTITUTE (ANSI) ------
FORMED A COMMITTEE CALLED
ACCREDITED STANDARDS COMMITTEE
(ASC) X-12 --- CONSISTING OF
GOVERNMENT, TRANSPORTATION AND
COMPUTER MANUFACTURERS.
 ANSI X-12
 PAPER, CHEMICAL, WAREHOUSING,
RETAIL, TELECOMMUNICATION,
ELECTRONICS, AUTO, METALS, TEXTILE,
AEROSPACE, ETC…..

13. RENU VERMA 13
THE EARLY ADOPTERS
(CONTD.)
 1986
 UN (SPONSORSHIP),
ORGANIZATIONS FROM DIFFERENT
SECTORS COLLABORATED &
DEVELOPED AN INTERNATIONALLY
APPROVED STANDARD STRUCTURE
FOR TRANSMITTING
INFORMATION BETWEEN
DIFFERENT TRADING PARTNERS.

14. RENU VERMA 14
THE EARLY ADOPTERS
(CONTD.)
 CALLED -- UNITED NATIONS
ELECTRONIC DATA INTERCHANGE
FOR ADMINISTRATION, COMMERCE
& TRANSPORT (UN / EDIFACT)
 ENSURES TRANSMISSION
COMPATIBILITY OF ELECTRONIC
BUSINESS DOCUMENTS GLOBALLY.

15. RENU VERMA 15
THE EARLY ADOPTERS
(CONTD.)
 EDI NEEDS TO BE UPDATED FOR E-
COMMERCE
 XML (EXTENSIBLE MARKUP
LANGUAGE) -- TO ENVELOP EDI.
 XML FORMATS ALLOW EDI
INFORMATION TO BE VIEWED BY
USERS IN THE EXACT REQUIRED
FORMAT.
 INCLUDES AN EXACT REPLICA OF
PAPER DOCUMENT OR FORM.

16. RENU VERMA 16
THE AGE OF ELECTRONIC
COMMERCE
 AROUND FROM LONG TIME
 EDI WAS THE BEGINNING OF E-
COMMERCE.
 EDI WAS ADOPTED BY LARGE
COMPANIES, AS , MEDIUM SIZED
BUSINESSES FOUND IT QUITE
COSTLY.
 INTERNET CHANGES ALL THAT.

17. RENU VERMA 17
THE AGE OF ELECTRONIC
COMMERCE (CONTD.)
 OPENED WIDER RANGE OF
BUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES IN
FORM OF B2B, B2C, C2B, C2C, AND
P2P (PEER-TO PEER) MARKET
PLACES.
 GAVE WAY TO INTERNET-BASED
ELECTRONIC MARKET PLACES.
 E-COMMERCE MAY BE REFERRED TO
AS ‘INTERNET ENABLED EDI’

18. RENU VERMA 18
THE AGE OF ELECTRONIC
COMMERCE (CONTD.)
 FURTHER LED TO THE
ADOPTION OF ‘DIGITAL
SIGNATURES’ AS A MEANS TO
SECURE ELECTRONIC
TRANSACTIONS.

19. RENU VERMA 19
SECURING E-COMMERCE:
ADOPTION OF DIGITAL
SIGNATURES.
 FEAR OF INTERCEPTION,
TRANSMISSION ERRORS,
DELAYS, DELETION,
AUTHENTICITY OR
VERIFICATION OF AN
ELECTRONIC MESSAGE USING
INTERNET.

20. RENU VERMA 20
 GOAL --- TO PROTECT MESSAGE AND
NOT THE MEDIUM
 IDEA --- TO ADOPT A TECHNOLOGY
THAT MAKES COMMUNICATIONS OR
TRANSACTIONS LEGALLY BINDING.
SECURING E-COMMERCE:
ADOPTION OF DIGITAL
SIGNATURES (CONTD.)

21. RENU VERMA 21
 TRADITIONAL NOTIONS SUCH AS ----
‘WRITING’, ‘SIGNATURE’ &
‘ORIGINAL’.
 TRADITIONAL PAPER BASED
REQUIREMENTS WERE SEARCHED
IN A ‘PAPERLESS’ WORLD.
SECURING E-COMMERCE:
ADOPTION OF DIGITAL
SIGNATURES (CONTD.)

22. RENU VERMA 22
 TRANSITION FROM HANDWRITTEN
SIGNATURES TO DIGITAL
SIGNATURES.
 FOR
 AUTHENTICITY
 MESSAGE’S INTEGRITY
 NON-REPUDIATION OF DATA.
SECURING E-COMMERCE:
ADOPTION OF DIGITAL
SIGNATURES (CONTD.)

23. RENU VERMA 23
WHICH LED TO
 ACCEPTANCE OF
CRYPTOGRAPHY, A DATA
ENCRYPTION TECHNIQUE
PROVIDING -- THAT ---
PROTECTION.

24. RENU VERMA 24
ADVANTAGES OF E-
COMMERCE
1. SPEED
2. AUTHENTICITY
3. LEGAL RECOGNITION
4. EASY
5. ACCESS TO CYBER WORLD
6. KNOWLEDGE

25. RENU VERMA 25
DISADVANTAGES OF E-
COMMERCE
1. PROPERTY CRIMES
2. PERSONAL CRIMES
3. UNEMPLOYMENT
4. EXPENSIVE
5. COMPLICATED
6. EMPLOYEES
7. EASY ACCESS
8. AWARENESS
9. IMPLEMENTAION OF LAW

26. RENU VERMA 26
PRECAUTIONS TO BE TAKEN
 BUSINESS OR PERSONAL DETAILS
 RATIONAL THINKING / INQUIRY
BEFORE DEALINGS
 ADEQUATE RESEARCH --
PRECAUTIONS
 UPDATED IN RELATION TO THE
CRIMES AND CRIMINALS
 AWARE AND UPDATED ABOUT THE
NOT SAFE SITES

27. RENU VERMA 27
SUGGESTIONS
 PUBLICITY OF LAW
 ADEQUATE PUBLICITY OF THE CASES
 DO CHECK THE AUTHENTICITY OF THE
OTHER PARTY
 PROPER TAINING TO THE EMPLOYEES,
EMPLOYERS, EXECUTIVES AS WELL AS THE
JUDICIARY
 KEEP YOUR EYES AND EAR -- OPEN -- IT IS
SMARTER TO LEARN FROM THE FAULTS OF
OTHERS THEN TO LET IT HAPPEN ON YOU,
AND THEN LEARN.

28. RENU VERMA 28
THANKS