Types of broadcast news stories

1. Dynamics of news room
MS .Amaninder kaur
Assistant professer
UIMS
1

2. Media Habits
• How Media Consumption Habits Are Changing
• Millennials age 14-25 now spend more time streaming
online video content than watching live television,
• The report was based on data conducted in November
2015 of 2,205 consumers in the United States.
• The researchers examined the media consumption
habits of four generations: Millennials (born between
1983 and 2001); Generation X (1966-1982); Baby
Boomers (1947-1965), and Matures (prior to 1947).
Ms.Gagandeep Kaur, Assistant
Professor (UIMS)
2www.cuchd.in Campus: Gharuan, Mohali

3. Media Habits
• Other key insights from the report:
• 70% Americans binge-watch television
content, viewing an average of five
episodes at a time.
• 90% of US consumers say they multitask
while watching TV.
Ms.Gagandeep Kaur, Assistant
Professor (UIMS)
3www.cuchd.in Campus: Gharuan, Mohali

4. • Nearly three quarters of Millennials age 19-32
say they are more influenced in their buying
decisions by social media recommendations
than TV ads.
• Social media sites have surpassed television as
the most popular source of news for
Millennials
Ms.Gagandeep Kaur, Assistant
Professor (UIMS)
4www.cuchd.in Campus: Gharuan, Mohali
Media Habits

5. Types of radio news stories
Reader
Soundbites
Wrap packages

6. Reader
• Readers: Words for the anchor to read (10-15
seconds)
• Name
• Slug
• Date
• Length

7. Soundbite and packages
Soundbites: Words for the anchor to read,
plus a short soundbite (20-25 seconds)
 Wraps/packages: Anchor toss to a reporter
piece (mix of track and soundbites). In most
newsrooms, these are no longer than 30
seconds.

8. Types of television news stories

9. READER: Read on camera be an anchor. No videotape
or full page graphic. May or may not have an over-the-
shoulder graphic. Usually no longer than 20-25
seconds because there are no visuals.
VO (VOICE-OVER) Similar to a reader except it includes
video. The anchor starts the story on-camera. Then
about 5 to 10 seconds into the story video appears on
screen. Normally natural sound accompanies the
video. The natural sound plays under the anchor’s
voice. The story ends with an on-camera anchor
tag. VOs generally run 20-45 seconds.

10. • SOT (SOUND-ON-TAPE): This story format again begins
with the anchor on camera. The soundbite is a piece of
an interview, which the anchor introduces. The
soundbite should have a “lower third” graphic
indicating their name and title or name and subject
matter. Again, the anchor tags the story on camera.
Soundbites can be visually boring and should be kept
to a length of 10-15 seconds. The total length of the
story, which includes the story intro and lead-in to the
SOT and the story tag, generally runs 25-45 seconds.
We don’t run SOTs very often. There’s generally some
kind of video or graphic that could run with the story
which would make it a VO/SOT (our next story type).

11. • VO/SOT (VOICEOVER/SOUND-ON-TAPE) A
VO/SOT starts with the anchor on camera
again. After a few seconds we cut away to the
video (voice-over). At the right moment the
anchor stops talking and the soundbite comes up
with a lower third graphic. There may or may not
be video after the SOT. The anchor tags the story
on camera.The strange thing about VO/SOTs is
they can be SOT/VOs, VO/SOT/VOs, or even
SOT/VO/SOTs. You can combine the voice over
and the soundbite in different order.

12.  PKG (Package Report) A package story is called
that because the story is “packaged”
together. There is video and audio and the
reporter narrates the story. The anchor lead
should be interesting and set up what your
package story is about. The anchor intro also
needs to introduce you, the reporter. That’s a
reporter’s job to get “more” info. Plus that last
reporter intro does nothing to set up the story
other than indicating who’s voice we’re going to
hear in the package.

13. Package stories are generally the most
important and longest stories of the day. A
package story generally runs 1:00 – 1:30
without the intro and tag. Special reports or
feature stories can run as long as 3 minutes.

14. Introduction of Broadcast Journalism
• “Writing for the Ear” is about writing for
audio, a core skill in broadcast and online ―
and for every newsroom with a digital
presence. Writing well for audio ultimately
means telling compelling stories and
communicating information to time-pressed
listeners ― key skills for a 21st century
journalist.
Ms.Gagandeep Kaur, Assistant
Professor (UIMS)
14www.cuchd.in Campus: Gharuan, Mohali

15. Writing for Ear
• Introduction to audio stories - How audio
stories are different from their print
counterparts and examples of great audio
stories
• Picking and pitching stories - Generating
story ideas that work well in audio form and
pitching stories and sharpening their focus
Ms.Gagandeep Kaur, Assistant
Professor (UIMS)
15www.cuchd.in Campus: Gharuan, Mohali

16. • This requires a dramatic shift in the way we have
been taught to write. In school, our teachers
rewarded long, complex sentences with multiple
commas and parenthetical clauses that showed we
have mastered the basic rules of grammar, spelling
and syntax while exhibiting critical thought, nuanced
arguments and SAT-level vocabulary. Great writing,
we have been taught, is meant to be read ― silently.
“Writing for the Ear” will teach you that great writing
can also be spoken.
Ms.Gagandeep Kaur, Assistant
Professor (UIMS)
16www.cuchd.in Campus: Gharuan, Mohali
Writing for Ear

17. • Writing the story - Everything you need to
write effectively at the story, scene and
sentence levels
• Revising the story - Strategies for applying the
tools of revision to audio writing
• Voicing & special topics - How to perform an
audio story and other topics, such as
“translating” a print story to audio form
Ms.Gagandeep Kaur, Assistant
Professor (UIMS)
17www.cuchd.in Campus: Gharuan, Mohali
Writing for ear

18. Broadcast news vocabulary

19. • B-Roll-
Video over your audio, that goes with what
the person is talking about.
• VO-
voice over OR video only.When just video is
used and all the talking is the anchor; 20-30
seconds

20. • SOT
Sound on tape or sound-byte.The sound from
an interview, usually only one or two
sentences; 8-15 seconds.
• VOSOT
Just the audio and video of one subject; 30-45
seconds

21. • PKG
B-roll, VO, SOT (from 2 or more people) all
wrapped up in one to tell a story or an event;
1:15-2:00.
• MOS
Interviews with individuals that you stop on the
street and interview (not professionals). This is
usually turned into a PKG

22. • NAT Sound
The background sound of a video ex. crowd
cheering at a football game.
• Stand up
When the reporter is on camera saying
something, usually to bridge two parts of the
story together.

23. • Tease-
When the talent sells a story that is coming up later,
to convince the viewer to stay tuned.
• Lower Thirds
Graphic appearing on screen, has 2 parts, one line
identifying the person, place or thing with a lower
line giving additional information, appears at the
bottom of the screen .

24. • File VO
Video that has been shot in the past and stored at
station to be used in the future
• Bump Shot
Filler shot, often used right before a break or the end
of a newscast ex: video of fair and news reporter says
"Here is the fair that's going on at the Coliseum right
now. We will be back after this break".

25. • Eye Shot/OTS (Over the Shoulder)
A shot that pans left or right from the
reporter's shoulder, to a small box with either
a graphic or video

26. THANKYOU

27. References
1. http://www.newsu.org/courses/writing-ear
2. http://ieltsliz.com/newspaper-vocabulary/
3. Anonymous. Economic Development And
The Basic Needs Approach: An Overview Of
Literature[Web log post]. Retrieved
December 01, 2017 from
http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in
Ms.Gagandeep Kaur, Assistant
Professor (UIMS)
27www.cuchd.in Campus: Gharuan, Mohali