The document describes the components and operation of a direct-to-home satellite receiver. It consists of a dish antenna and low noise block converter (LNB) that receives satellite signals, a tuner that downconverts the signals, an MPEG decoder that decodes audio and video, video and audio amplifiers, an RF modulator, and a power supply. It provides commercial examples of early direct broadcast satellite services like Sky Television, DirecTV, Dish Network and discusses terminology around direct-to-home satellite television.

1. DIRECT TO HOME RECEIVER
The block diagram of a Dish antenna receiver is shown is Fig. 1.
It consists of following stages :
(1) Dish antenna and LNB ( Low Noise Band Converter ) section:-
A satellite antenna intercepts the extremely weak microwave transmission signal from a
targeted satellite and reflects the signals to its focal point, where the feed horn is placed. The
feed horn collects microwave signals reflected from the antenna surface and ignores noise and
other signals coming from off-axis directions. Then LNB amplifies the signal received through
feed horn and converts its frequency from 11.7 to 12.2 GHz to 1.450 to 0.950 GHz. Thus it down
converts frequency. It also converts microwave signals into electrical signals.
(2) Tuner section:-
The down converted signal from LNB is given to Tuner of Receiver amplifier through co-axial
low loss cable.
The received signal is amplified by the R.F. Amplifier and further converted in the mixer
amplifier stage to yield the intermediate picture and sound I.F. signals (Composite I.F. Signal)
by heterodyning with local Oscillator frequency. Tuner also incorporates Video IF amplifier and
detector. The output of Tuner is the MPEG Baseband signal which consists of Video signal and
Sound signal in compressed form.

2. BLOCK DIAGRAM OF SATELLITE RECEIVER
Figure-1
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3. (3) MPEG DECODER:-
The output of DTH Tuner, the MPEG Baseband signal, is applied to MPEG decoder consisting
of IC MB86H25 which encodes audio and Video signal.
(4) VIDEO AMPLIFIER:-
The base band signal is applied to video amplifier consisting of IC NE562. This section
amplifies Video signal and final amplified signal is given to the R.F. modulator and Video Out
Socket.
(5) SOUND I.F. AND AUDIO AMPLIFIER:-
The base band signal is applied to sound IF and Audio amplifier subsystem IC NE564. This I.C.
amplifies and detect the sound I.F. Then IC 741 is used for further amplification of obtained
audio. The final amplified signal is given to the R.F. modulator and Audio Out Socket.
(6) R.F. Modulator section:-
This section is based on IC 1374 or 1473. It modulates Audio and Video signals obtained from
above sections
and concerts into R.F signal for Channel-2. This R.F. output is then connected to the antenna
input of T.V.
receiver.
(7) Power supply section:-
R.P.S. stage provides the different DC voltages required for various stages of receiver viz.
+3.3V, +5.0V, +12V, +22V and +30V.
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4. Theory of DTH Receiver.
DIRECT-TO-HOME (DTH) / DIRECT BROADCAST SATELLITE (DBS)
(Direct Broadcast Satellite) A one-way TV broadcast service from a communications satellite to
a small round or oval dish antenna no larger than 20" in diameter. Using a highly compressed
digital signal in the 11-15GHz Ku-band, DBS offers every household in the country a service
similar to cable TV. Prior to DBS, costly equipment and very large dishes were required, and
tuning stations was complicated because content was available on multiple satellites.
DirecTV and USSB
Although DBS service existed in other countries, the first DBS in the U.S. was launched in 1994
by Hughes Electronics (DIRECTV) and Hubbard Broadcasting (USSB). DIRECTV and USSB
were offered in 1994 using the DSS standard with equipment made by RCA and other
manufacturers.
PrimeStar and EchoStar
Soon after, PrimeStar introduced a DBS service that included installation of its own equipment
that was leased with the content. In 1995, EchoStar launched its first satellite and offers the
Digital Sky Highway (DISH) network.
USSB and Primestar Became DIRECTV
Hughes acquired USSB and Primestar in 1998 and 1999, respectively and officially renamed its
satellite fleet DIRECTV. In 2003, a proposed merger between DIRECTV and EchoStar never
came to fruition.
Direct broadcast satellite (DBS) is a term used to refer to satellite television broadcasts intended
for home reception, also referred to as direct-to-home signals. It covers both analog and digital
television and radio reception, and is often extended to other services provided by modern digital
television systems, including video-on-demand and interactive features. A "DBS service" usually
refers to either a commercial service, or a group of free channels available from one orbital
position targeting one country.
Terminology confusion
In certain regions of the world, especially in North America, DBS is used to refer to providers of
subscription satellite packages, and has become applied to the entire equipment chain involved.
With modern satellite providers in the United States using high power Ku-band transmissions
using circular polarization, which result in small dishes, and digital compression (hence bringing
in an alternative term, Digital Satellite System, itself likely connected to the proprietary
encoding system used by DirecTV, Digital Satellite Service), DBS is often misused to refer to
these. DBS systems are often driven by pay television providers, which drives further confusion.
Additionally, in some areas it is used to refer to specific segments of the Ku-band, normally 12.2
to 12.7 GHz, as this bandwidth is often referred to as DBS or one of its synonyms. In
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5. comparison, European "Ku band" DBS systems can drop as low as 10.7 GHz, which is in fact in
the X band.
Adding to the naming complexity, the ITU's original frequency allocation plan for Europe, the
Soviet Union and Northern Africa from 1977 introduced a concept of extremely high power spot-
beam broadcasting (see Ekran satellite) which they termed DBS, although only a handful of the
participating countries even went as far as to launch satellites under this plan, even fewer
operated anything resembling a DBS service.
Commercial DBS services
The first commercial DBS service, Sky Television plc (now BSkyB), was launched in 1989. Sky
TV started as a four-channel free-to-air analogue service on the Astra 1A satellite, serving the
United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland. By 1991, Sky had changed to a conditional access pay
model, and launched a digital service, Sky Digital, in 1998, with analogue transmission ceasing
in 2001. Since the DBS nomenclature is rarely used in the UK or Ireland, the popularity of Sky's
service has caused the terms "minidish" and "digibox" to be applied to products other than Sky's
hardware. BSkyB is controlled by News Corporation.
PrimeStar began transmitting an analog service to North America in 1991, and was joined by
DirecTV Group's DirecTV, in 1994. At the time, DirecTV's introduction was the most successful
consumer electronics debut in American history. Although PrimeStar transitioned to a digital
system in 1994, it was ultimately unable to compete with DirecTV, which required a smaller
satellite dish and could deliver more programming. DirecTV eventually purchased PrimeStar in
1999 and migrated all PrimeStar subscribers to DirecTV equipment. In 2003, News Corporation
purchased a controlling interest in DirecTV's parent company, Hughes Electronics, and renamed
the company DirecTV Group.
In 1996, EchoStar's Dish Network went online in the United States and, as DirecTV's primary
competitor, achieved similar success. AlphaStar also launched but soon went under.
Dominion Video Satellite Inc.'s Sky Angel also went online in the United States in 1996 with its
DBS service geared toward the faith and family market. It has since grown from six to 36 TV and
radio channels of family entertainment, Christian-inspirational programming and 24-hour news.
Dominion, under its former corporate name Video Satellite Systems Inc., was actually the second
from among the first nine companies to apply to the FCC for a high-power DBS license in 1981
and is the sole surviving DBS pioneer from that first round of forward-thinking applicants. Sky
Angel, although a separate and independent DBS service, uses the satellites, transmission
facilities, & receiving equipment used for Dish Network through an agreement with Echostar.
Because of this, Sky Angel subscribers also have the option of subscribing to Dish Network's
channels as well.
In 2003, EchoStar attempted to purchase DirecTV, but the U.S. Department of Justice denied the
purchase based on anti-competitive concerns.
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6. Free DBS services
Germany is likely the leader in free-to-air DBS, with approximately 40 analogue and 100 digital
channels broadcast from the SES Astra 1 position at 19.2E. These are not marketed as a DBS
service, but are received in approximately 12 million homes, as well as in any home using the
German commercial DBS system, Premiere.
The United Kingdom has approximately 90 free-to-air digital channels, for which a promotional
and marketing plan is being devised by the BBC and ITV, to be sold as "Freesat". It is intended
to provide a multi-channel service for areas which cannot receive Freeview, and eventually
replace their network of UHF repeaters in these areas
India's national broadcaster, Doordarshan, promotes a free-to-air DBS package as "DD Direct
Plus", which is provided as in-fill for the country's terrestrial transmission network.
While originally launched as backhaul for their digital terrestrial television service, a large
number of French channels are free-to-air on 5W, and have recently been announced as being
official in-fill for the DTT network.
In North America (USA, Canada and Mexico) there are over 80 FTA digital channels available
on Intelsat Americas 5, the majority of them are ethnic or religious. Other popular FTA satellites
include AMC-4, AMC-6, Galaxy 10R and SatMex 5. A company called GloryStar promotes FTA
religious broadcasters on IA-5 and AMC-4.
Conceptually, satellite television is a lot like broadcast television. It's a wireless system for
delivering television programming directly to a viewer's house. Both broadcast television and
satellite stations transmit programming via a radio signal (see How Radio Works for information
about radio broadcasting).
Broadcast stations use a powerful antenna to transmit radio waves to the surrounding area.
Viewers can pick up the signal with a much smaller antenna. The main limitation of broadcast
television is range. The radio signals used to broadcast television shoot out from the broadcast
antenna in a straight line. In order to receive these signals, you have to be in the direct "line of
sight" of the antenna. Small obstacles like trees or small buildings aren't a problem; but a big
obstacle, such as the Earth, will reflect these radio waves.
If the Earth were perfectly flat, you could pick up broadcast television thousands of miles from
the source. But because the planet is curved, it eventually breaks the signal's line of site. The
other problem with broadcast television is that the signal is often distorted even in the viewing
area. To get a perfectly clear signal like you find on cable, you have to be pretty close to the
broadcast antenna without too many obstacles in the way.
The Satellite TV Solution
Satellite television solves the problems of range and distortion by transmitting broadcast signals
from satellites orbiting the Earth. Since satellites are high in the sky, there are a lot more
customers in the line of site. Satellite television systems transmit and receive radio signals using
specialized antennas called satellite dishes.
6

7. Satellites are higher in the sky than TV antennas,
so they have a much larger "line of sight" range.
The television satellites are all in geosynchronous orbit, meaning that they stay in one place in
the sky relative to the Earth. Each satellite is launched into space at about 7,000 mph (11,000
kph), reaching approximately 22,200 miles (35,700 km) above the Earth. At this speed and
altitude, the satellite will revolve around the planet once every 24 hours -- the same period of
time it takes the Earth to make one full rotation. In other words, the satellite keeps pace with our
moving planet exactly. This way, you only have to direct the dish at the satellite once, and from
then on it picks up the signal without adjustment, at least when everything works right. (See How
Satellites Work for more information on satellite orbits.)
At the core, this is all there is to satellite television. But as we'll see in the next section, there
are several important steps between the original programming source and your television.
The Overall System, Components and Programming
Early satellite TV viewers were explorers of sorts. They used their expensive dishes to discover
unique programming that wasn't necessarily intended for mass audiences. The dish and receiving
equipment gave viewers the tools to pick up foreign stations, live feeds between different
broadcast stations, NASA activities and a lot of other stuff transmitted using satellites.
Some satellite owners still seek out this sort of programming on their own, but today, most
satellite TV customers get their programming through a direct broadcast satellite (DBS)
provider, such as DirecTV or the Dish Network. The provider selects programs and broadcasts
them to subscribers as a set package. Basically, the provider's goal is to bring dozens or even
hundreds of channels to your television in a form that approximates the competition, cable TV.
Unlike earlier programming, the provider's broadcast is completely digital, which means it has
much better picture and sound quality (see How Digital Television Works for details). Early
satellite television was broadcast in C-band radio -- radio in the 3.4-gigahertz (GHz) to 7-GHz
frequency range. Digital broadcast satellite transmits programming in the Ku frequency range
(12 GHz to 14 GHz ).
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8. The Components
There are five major components involved in a direct to home (DTH) satellite system: the
programming source, the broadcast center, the satellite, the satellite dish and the receiver.
• Programming sources are simply the channels that provide programming for broadcast.
The provider doesn't create original programming itself; it pays other companies (HBO, for
example, or ESPN) for the right to broadcast their content via satellite. In this way, the provider
is kind of like a broker between you and the actual programming sources. (Cable television
companies work on the same principle.)
• The broadcast center is the central hub of the system. At the broadcast center, the
television provider receives signals from various programming sources and beams a broadcast
signal to satellites in geostationary orbit.
• The satellites receive the signals from the broadcast station and rebroadcast them to the
ground.
• The viewer's dish picks up the signal from the satellite (or multiple satellites in the same
part of the sky) and passes it on to the receiver in the viewer's house.
• The receiver processes the signal and passes it on to a standard television.
The Programming
Satellite TV providers get programming from two major sources: national turnaround channels
(such as HBO, ESPN and CNN) and various local channels . Most of the turnaround channels
also provide programming for cable television, and the local channels typically broadcast their
programming over the airwaves.
Turnaround channels usually have a distribution center that beams their programming to a
geostationary satellite. The broadcast center uses large satellite dishes to pick up these analog
and digital signals from several sources.
Most local stations don't transmit their programming to satellites, so the provider has to get it
another way. If the provider includes local programming in a particular area, it will have a small
8

9. local facility consisting of a few racks of communications equipment. The equipment receives
local signals directly from the broadcaster through fiber-optic cable or an antenna and then
transmits them to the central broadcast center.
The broadcast center converts all of this programming into a high-quality, uncompressed digital
stream. At this point, the stream contains a vast quantity of data -- about 270 megabits per
second (Mbps) for each channel. In order to transmit the signal from there, the broadcast center
has to compress it. Otherwise, it would be too big for the satellite to handle. In the next section,
we'll find out how the signal is compressed.
The Dish and the Receiver
A satellite dish is just a special kind of antenna designed to focus on a specific broadcast source.
The standard dish consists of a parabolic (bowl-shaped) surface and a central feed horn. To
transmit a signal, a controller sends it through the horn, and the dish focuses the signal into a
relatively narrow beam.
The curved dish reflects energy from the feed
horn, generating a narrow beam.
The dish on the receiving end can't transmit information; it can only receive it. The receiving
dish works in the exact opposite way of the transmitter. When a beam hits the curved dish, the
parabola shape reflects the radio signal inward onto a particular point, just like a concave mirror
focuses light onto a particular point.
9

10. The curved dish focuses incoming radio waves onto
the feed horn.
In this case, the point is the dish's feed horn, which passes the signal on to the receiving
equipment. In an ideal setup, there aren't any major obstacles between the satellite and the dish,
so the dish receives a clear signal.
In some systems, the dish needs to pick up signals from two or more satellites at the same time.
The satellites may be close enough together that a regular dish with a single horn can pick up
signals from both. This compromises quality somewhat, because the dish isn't aimed directly at
one or more of the satellites. A new dish design uses two or more horns to pick up different
satellite signals. As the beams from different satellites hit the curved dish, they reflect at
different angles so that one beam hits one of the horns and another beam hits a different horn.
The central element in the feed horn is the low noise blockdown converter, or LNB. The LNB
amplifies the radio signal bouncing off the dish and filters out the noise (radio signals not
carrying programming). The LNB passes the amplified, filtered signal to the satellite receiver
inside the viewer's house.
The Receiver
The end component in the entire satellite TV system is the receiver. The receiver has four
essential jobs:
• It de-scrambles the encrypted signal. In order to unlock the signal, the receiver needs the
proper decoder chip for that programming package. The provider can communicate with the chip,
via the satellite signal, to make necessary adjustments to its decoding programs. The provider
may occasionally send signals that disrupt illegal de-scramblers, as an electronic counter
measure (ECM) against illegal users.
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11. • It takes the digital MPEG-2 signal and converts it into an analog format that a standard
television can recognize. In the United States, receivers convert the digital signal to the analog
NTSC format. Some dish and receiver setups can also output an HDTV signal.
• It extracts the individual channels from the larger satellite signal. When you change the
channel on the receiver, it sends just the signal for that channel to your TV. Since the receiver
spits out only one channel at a time, you can't tape one program and watch another. You also
can't watch two different programs on two TVs hooked up to the same receiver. In order to do
these things, which are standard on conventional cable, you need to buy an additional receiver.
• It keeps track of pay-per-view programs and periodically phones a computer at the provider's
headquarters to communicate billing information.
Receivers have a number of other features as well. They pick up a programming schedule signal
from the provider and present this information in an onscreen programming guide. Many
receivers have parental lock-out options, and some have built-in digital video recorders (DVRs),
which let you pause live television or record it on a hard drive.
While digital broadcast satellite service is still lacking some of the basic features of
conventional cable (the ability to easily split signals between different TVs and VCRs, for
example), its high-quality picture, varied programming selection and extended service areas
make it a good alternative for some. With the rise of digital cable, which also has improved
picture quality and extended channel selection, the TV war is really heating up. Just about
anything could happen in the next 10 years as all of these television providers battle it out.
Why DTH? This facility will increase the number of channels you receive. More important, you
will enjoy picture and audio quality of a kind that your present cable connection or antenna
cannot provide. You can also play video games and watch movies telecast exclusively by the
DTH- service provider. Over time, the DTH console could also provide you round-the-clock link
to the Internet, customised content and pay-per-view options, to name a few of the range of
services possible.
Buying a DTH connection would involve a sizeable investment initially. That is likely to be
compensated by lower monthly costs for receiving channels and access to services that are not
offered by cable operators.
Dish TV: This DTH service (www.dishtvindia.com) from the Zee group offers access to several
pay channels. There is, however, a big problem on content. Several popular channels are not
available on this platform. Channels from the Star and Sony group and the popular ones, such as
Discovery, Animal Planet, AXN, Ten Sport and MTV are missing on this service.
Dish TV offers five packages (refer accompanying table for pricing and content). Dish Welcome
— the basic package — offers three channels that are popular in their genre and may be of
interest to viewers: ESPN, Star Sports and Cartoon Network. Depending on the language you
choose, you can receive a few additional channels. In most languages, leading channels are not
available.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) for DTH
11

12.  What does DTH mean?
DTH means Direct-To-Home Satellite TV. DTH bypasses the Cable operator and comes
directly from the Satellite to our houses. We can view DTH TV in our homes by using a
small antenna, Set-Top-Box (STB) and LNBF (Low Noise Block Down converter).
Originally developed for connecting far-flung areas which do not have cable access this
technology is now used world-wide for premium programming direct to the home
bypassing cable operators or other forms of Satellite TV delivery. Remember DTH
delivers Laser Disc Quality Picture and CD quality Sound to the TV and makes viewing an
ultimate experience which even your cable operator cannot provide.
 What does Doordarshan DTH offer?
Doordarshan DTH is the nation's digital satellite entertainment service DTH (Direct to
home). Using the most advanced satellite technology, Doordarshan DTH delivers about 33
video and 14 audio channels of programming to homes and businesses that have DTH
receiving equipment, which features a small satellite dish, a digital set-top receiver, LNBF
and a remote control for the STB. DTH offers an incredible selection of entertainment for
every member of the family -- all in 100% digital-quality picture and sound that DTH is
known for.
 Can I install the DTH System myself or should I hire someone?
DTH customers who use professional installers typically have fewer technical concerns
later on, and professional installation is quite affordable. If you're purchasing an oval-
shaped satellite dish, installation is more complicated so you'll definitely want a
professional to take care of it. You can contact our distributor for this installation.
 Can I install the satellite dish inside my house?
In order to receive the signal, the dish must have a direct line of sight to the Satellite
through a window or Balcony (in the South-East direction). However, many types of
window glass degrade the satellite signal. Therefore, we strongly recommend that you
install your satellite dish outside in a suitable location.
 Can I get satellite television if I live in an apartment?
Yes, as long as you have a balcony which has direct line of sight (in the South-East
direction). Please note that there should not be any obstructions by means of
trees/buildings and any Microwave link as they affect the signal strength received by the
antenna.
 If I own one receiver that is hooked up to more than one TV, can I watch the same
program on each TV without an additional charge?
Yes. All TVs that are hooked up to a common receiver will receive the same satellite
signal.
 I wish to run two TV sets in different rooms. Can I do it with one receiver and dish?
No. The concept works on one receiver and one TV. The signal from the common receiver
can be given through the loop-through output to the next receiver and from the receiver to
the TV. However only the channels which are available in the same polarization on which
the channel is running in the common receiver shall be available.
 How can I receive channels on two TVs independently on the same dish antenna?
Two independent outputs can be obtained by use of a dual LNBF on the dish antenna in
place of single LNBF. The signals can be given to the receiver and from receiver to the
TV. However use of a bigger size of dish antenna is recommended so that the signal
quality does not get deteriorated.
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13.  Can weather interfere with my reception?
Television reception on the system is highly reliable year-round and nationwide. During
heavy rains or lightening, however, some DTH customers may experience a temporary loss
of picture quality. This phenomenon is due to rain attenuation. To avoid this problem you
must install an Antenna of Bigger size. This phenomenon also can occur if the dish or low
noise block converter (LNB) accumulates too much of water. When water accumulates on
the dish, the service is not lost but the strength of the signal can be weakened. This "signal
fall-off" occurs when water content is at its highest. So you should wipe off the dish in
Rainy season.
Most retailers would suggest you to go for a low size antenna but the size of the antenna is
very crucial and has to be calculated by EIRP and foot-print coverage. We will shortly be
adding this feature on our web-site wherein you will be able to calculate the antenna size
yourself!
 So what can you do?
Wait for the bad weather to pass and your signal should return to normal. If the signal
doesn't return, re-set your receiver by turning it off, unplugging it for at least 15 seconds,
then plugging it back in. If water has built up on the dish or LNB, wipe off the dish and
LNB in Rainy season.
 DTH does not operate in rain. Is it true?
No. The reception quality decreases due to interference by rains. However you can view
the DTH channels by using the appropriate size of dish antenna.
Most retailers would suggest you to go for a low size antenna but the size of the antenna is
very crucial and has to be calculated by EIRP and foot-print coverage. We will shortly be
adding this feature on our web-site wherein you will be able to calculate the antenna size
yourself!
 On which satellite Doordarshan DTH is transmitted?
Currently Doordarshan DTH is transmitted on NSS-6 Satellite (This is as per current
information. Doordarshan can change this at their convenience)
 Is satellite television better than cable?
In a word, YES. DTH Satellite television offers state-of-the-art picture and sound -- this
means digital picture and audio. You have access to more channels and you have an
incredible amount of movie, sports and international programming options. Overall,
satellite television is cheaper than cable -- you get far more for your money. Moreover
premium programming world-wide is available only on DTH and this concept will shortly
start in India.
 Do you guarantee that right now free channels will remain free?
No, no one can guarantee "free channels". You will receive these channels as long as they
remain free and in the clear mode (not scrambled). We make no guarantees or claims about
programming.
 What size dish do I need for Ku reception?
Normally, within the boundaries of the India, you can use a 60cm or 90cm dish. Fringe
areas should use a 1.2 cm or larger dish. Southern Part of India or Northern Part of India
should use larger size of Antenna as the signal in the Southern Part and Northern Part of
India is weak.
 What is the noise temperature of your LNBFs?
We currently sell only 0.6dB or better LNBFs.
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14. MB86H25 MPEG-2 Decoder for Free-to-Air Applications
INTRODUCTION
This SmartMPEG is an integrated MPEG-2 settop- box decoder which includes the hardware extensions
required to support a low Bill of Material for Free-to-Air Set-Top-Boxes and IDTVs.
Highlights of the SmartMPEG include an ARC RISC CPU (@130.5MHz), two transport stream
demultiplexers, a PAL/NTSC/SECAM digital video encoder and a display controller, which overlays up to four
layers of graphic data. A specially designed, shared SDRAM memory interface for the CPU and MPEG decoder
connects to a single SDRAM device using either a 16 or 32-bit data bus depending on customer bandwidth
requirements. The included universal processor interface allows simple connection to FLASH, hard disk drives
(IDE), Common Interface and other asynchronous devices.
The SmartMPEG is part of Fujitsu’s MPEG decoder family, and is the successor to the MB87L2250. The
SmartMPEG offers several advantages over the MB87L2250, including support for 16/32-bit SDRAM devices
up to 128Mbytes, an integrated S/P-DIF interface, DPLL, and internal audio DAC’s. This helps to reduce
product cost by eliminating the need for external components. The SmartMPEG adds also DPLL functionality,
SECAM encoding, and two Smart-card interface to former MPEG devices.
To help our customers achieve the shortest possible timeto- market, the SmartMPEG comes with the Fujitsu
Driver Application Programming Interface (FAPI). FAPI is a complete driver set, allowing fast and efficient
customer software design. In addition, FAPI is now the standard programming interface for Fujitsu DVB
components, easing migration to future devices.
Block diagram
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15. FEATURES
• MPEG2 video ISO/IEC 13818-2 (MP@ML...SP@ML)
• MPEG audio layer 1/2
• 32-bit RISC CPU (ARC Tangent A4 @130.5MHz)
• 4K I-cache, 2K D-cache
• Three timers / watchdog / power-down mode
• Shared memory interface (SDRAM, 16/32 bit data), 64Mbit...1Gbit
• Universal processor interface (IDE, NAND/NOR FLASH & Common Interface)
• Two transport stream decoders (decoding/recording)
• Flexible MPEG video resizing (factor 1/16 to 2)
• Display controller with up to 4 true colour graphic or CLUT layers (total 6 layers)
• Flexible frame rate conversion (e.g. 50/60Hz)
• Flicker fixer for better on-screen text clarity
• Teletext / WSS / VPS / CC / VBID insertion
• PAL/NTSC/SECAM digital encoder
• RGB De-matrix (RGB or YCrCb output)
• Control of brightness, contrast and colour saturation of RGB and YCrCb output
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16. • 5 video DAC’s @10bit for analogue video / audio O/P
• ITU-R 656 video input/output (shared with TS2 input)
• S/P DIF output for PCM/AC3/MPEG
• UART / 2 x Smart Card IF / I2C / GPIO / PWM Output
• 7-segment LED controller for 5 digits / KeyBoard mon.
• Infra Red receiver / transmitter
• On-chip DPLL, requiring only 27.0MHz crystal
• Bootable from NOR Flash
• FPT-208P-M06 (LQFP-Package)
• Ambient Temperature Range (Std Pkg): 0oC to +70oC
• Advanced Technology: Fujitsu 0.18µm CMOS
• 1.8 volt device with 3.3 volt I/O
• Power consumption: typ. 700mW (Standby: 100mW)
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17. LNB (Low Noise Block down converter)
Input frequency : KU band.
Output frequency : 950 to 1450 MHz.
Conversion gain : 65 Db
Noise Temp : 35 degree K max.
SETTOP BOX Receiver in Trainer Form
IF frequency : 70 MHz.
Video Bandwidth : 50 Hz to 5 MHz.
Video output level : 1 Vpp. (at 75 ohm load)
Video polarity : Normal/Inverted Switch selectable
Audio sub carrier frequency : Tunable from 5.0 to 8.0 MHz.
R.F Output channel : No.2
. Uplink satellite : INSAT 4A
. Controls : Channel selecting, Volume,
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18. 18

19. 19