This document provides an overview of various direct-to-consumer genetic testing companies and the types of genetic tests they offer. It shows that 23andMe, DeCODE, Navigenics, and Knome offer the widest range of tests related to health, traits, and ancestry. Most companies focus on specific health conditions like cancer, cardiovascular disease, or pharmacogenomics. The tests range from single gene tests to more comprehensive scans of parts of the genome.
This document describes a new type of battery that is safer and longer-lasting than current lithium-ion batteries. It works by using sodium ions rather than lithium ions and two different liquids to prevent fires. Sodium is more abundant than lithium, which could help lower battery costs. Initial tests show the new design can charge and discharge hundreds of times without issues.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
The document discusses the history and evolution of chocolate production. It details how cocoa beans are harvested and fermented before being dried, roasted, and ground into chocolate liquor. The liquor is then further processed through conching and tempering to produce smooth chocolate for consumption.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive function. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
The document discusses the history and development of artificial intelligence over the past 70 years. It outlines some of the key milestones in AI research from the early work in the 1950s to modern advances in deep learning. While progress has been significant, fully general human-level AI remains an ongoing challenge that researchers continue working to achieve.
Building a Strong, Profitable Drupal BusinessVolacci
The document discusses the history and development of the city of Boston from its founding in 1630 by Puritan colonists as a small town on the Shawmut Peninsula through its growth into a major seaport and center of trade and industry. Boston served as the site of several key events in the American Revolution and has continued to grow as an economic and cultural center of New England.
The document discusses the history and development of a new technology called blockchain. Blockchain was originally developed for the digital currency Bitcoin in 2008 as a way to record transactions in a secure, decentralized manner without the need for a central authority. Since then, the technology has expanded and many believe it has the potential to disrupt numerous industries by reducing costs and improving security and transparency for things like payments, contracts, and record-keeping.
This document describes a new type of battery that is safer and longer-lasting than current lithium-ion batteries. It works by using sodium ions rather than lithium ions and two different liquids to prevent fires. Sodium is more abundant than lithium, which could help lower battery costs. Initial tests show the new design can charge and discharge hundreds of times without issues.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
The document discusses the history and evolution of chocolate production. It details how cocoa beans are harvested and fermented before being dried, roasted, and ground into chocolate liquor. The liquor is then further processed through conching and tempering to produce smooth chocolate for consumption.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive function. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
The document discusses the history and development of artificial intelligence over the past 70 years. It outlines some of the key milestones in AI research from the early work in the 1950s to modern advances in deep learning. While progress has been significant, fully general human-level AI remains an ongoing challenge that researchers continue working to achieve.
Building a Strong, Profitable Drupal BusinessVolacci
The document discusses the history and development of the city of Boston from its founding in 1630 by Puritan colonists as a small town on the Shawmut Peninsula through its growth into a major seaport and center of trade and industry. Boston served as the site of several key events in the American Revolution and has continued to grow as an economic and cultural center of New England.
The document discusses the history and development of a new technology called blockchain. Blockchain was originally developed for the digital currency Bitcoin in 2008 as a way to record transactions in a secure, decentralized manner without the need for a central authority. Since then, the technology has expanded and many believe it has the potential to disrupt numerous industries by reducing costs and improving security and transparency for things like payments, contracts, and record-keeping.
A benefits management framework for prioritising programmes webinar
Monday 17 February 2020
presented by:
Dr Hugo Minney
The link to the write up page and resources of this webinar:
https://www.apm.org.uk/news/a-benefits-management-framework-for-prioritising-programmes-webinar/
This supports the APM publication “A guide to using a benefits management framework” and takes participants through the implementation process
https://www.apm.org.uk/book-shop/a-guide-to-using-a-benefits-management-framework/
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise has also been shown to increase gray matter volume in the brain and reduce risks for conditions like Alzheimer's and dementia.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise has also been shown to boost self-esteem and can serve as a healthy way to manage stress.
The passage discusses the importance of summarization in an age of information overload. It notes that with the massive amounts of data available online, being able to quickly understand the key points of lengthy documents, articles, or reports is crucial. The ability to produce clear, concise summaries helps people filter through large amounts of information and identify what is most important or relevant to them.
The document discusses the benefits of meditation for reducing stress and anxiety. Regular meditation practice can help calm the mind and body by lowering heart rate and blood pressure. Making meditation a part of a daily routine, even if just 10-15 minutes per day, can offer improvements to mood, focus, and overall feelings of well-being over time.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help boost feelings of calmness, happiness and focus.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
LANDSCAPE CONSTRUCTION STUDY PROJECT OF INTERNATIONAL OUTDOOR GARDEN ...aekapon
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive function. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
Artifacts and Symbols of everyday life from KeralaAnand Nair
A random collection of pictures taken around Central Kerala (Kottayam, Pathanamthitta) documenting the leftovers of a bygone era. This project was done during the summer of 2003-04 as a student project.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
The people are asking hard questions; unemployment is rising, lives and property are not safe, the roads are bad and getting worse, the standard of living is falling but the politicians have ran out of lies. What is going to happen?
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive function. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
CAG is happy to present the Cartoon book "Do you know?"!! The book aims to demystify and educate communities and general public on the administrative and environmental regulations and laws on the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Process, with specific reference to Thermal Power Plants (TPPs). The people can learn while they read the comics with their family!
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against developing mental illness and improve symptoms for those who already have a condition.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive function. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
Management of postmenopausal syndrome with a herbal extract: a pilot studyYounis I Munshi
- A pilot study was conducted of 30 women to evaluate the efficacy of a herbal extract in treating postmenopausal syndrome.
- The herbal extract was made from Nepeta cataria and Cuscuta reflexa herbs and administered twice daily for 60 days.
- The average Blatt-Kupperman score, a measure of menopausal symptoms, decreased from 41.2 at baseline to 6.43 after treatment, representing an 84% reduction in symptoms.
- The study demonstrated the herbal extract significantly decreased menopausal symptoms but larger studies are still needed.
ECOsine™ Active: el compensador de armónicos en tiempo realcydesa
The document discusses energy efficiency and reliability issues related to harmonic compensation. It describes how active compensators can regulate harmonic distortions in real-time to reduce their impact on power systems and equipment. The compensator aims to automatically adjust its absorption of harmonic currents as conditions vary to improve efficiency and avoid overcompensation issues.
Ecology is the study of how organisms live and interact in their environment. It involves studying the relationships between organisms and their surroundings. The term ecology literally means "study of the household" so if studying fish ecology, it means examining fish neighborhoods and their interactions.
A benefits management framework for prioritising programmes webinar
Monday 17 February 2020
presented by:
Dr Hugo Minney
The link to the write up page and resources of this webinar:
https://www.apm.org.uk/news/a-benefits-management-framework-for-prioritising-programmes-webinar/
This supports the APM publication “A guide to using a benefits management framework” and takes participants through the implementation process
https://www.apm.org.uk/book-shop/a-guide-to-using-a-benefits-management-framework/
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise has also been shown to increase gray matter volume in the brain and reduce risks for conditions like Alzheimer's and dementia.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise has also been shown to boost self-esteem and can serve as a healthy way to manage stress.
The passage discusses the importance of summarization in an age of information overload. It notes that with the massive amounts of data available online, being able to quickly understand the key points of lengthy documents, articles, or reports is crucial. The ability to produce clear, concise summaries helps people filter through large amounts of information and identify what is most important or relevant to them.
The document discusses the benefits of meditation for reducing stress and anxiety. Regular meditation practice can help calm the mind and body by lowering heart rate and blood pressure. Making meditation a part of a daily routine, even if just 10-15 minutes per day, can offer improvements to mood, focus, and overall feelings of well-being over time.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help boost feelings of calmness, happiness and focus.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
LANDSCAPE CONSTRUCTION STUDY PROJECT OF INTERNATIONAL OUTDOOR GARDEN ...aekapon
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive function. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
Artifacts and Symbols of everyday life from KeralaAnand Nair
A random collection of pictures taken around Central Kerala (Kottayam, Pathanamthitta) documenting the leftovers of a bygone era. This project was done during the summer of 2003-04 as a student project.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
The people are asking hard questions; unemployment is rising, lives and property are not safe, the roads are bad and getting worse, the standard of living is falling but the politicians have ran out of lies. What is going to happen?
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive function. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
CAG is happy to present the Cartoon book "Do you know?"!! The book aims to demystify and educate communities and general public on the administrative and environmental regulations and laws on the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Process, with specific reference to Thermal Power Plants (TPPs). The people can learn while they read the comics with their family!
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against developing mental illness and improve symptoms for those who already have a condition.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive function. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
Management of postmenopausal syndrome with a herbal extract: a pilot studyYounis I Munshi
- A pilot study was conducted of 30 women to evaluate the efficacy of a herbal extract in treating postmenopausal syndrome.
- The herbal extract was made from Nepeta cataria and Cuscuta reflexa herbs and administered twice daily for 60 days.
- The average Blatt-Kupperman score, a measure of menopausal symptoms, decreased from 41.2 at baseline to 6.43 after treatment, representing an 84% reduction in symptoms.
- The study demonstrated the herbal extract significantly decreased menopausal symptoms but larger studies are still needed.
ECOsine™ Active: el compensador de armónicos en tiempo realcydesa
The document discusses energy efficiency and reliability issues related to harmonic compensation. It describes how active compensators can regulate harmonic distortions in real-time to reduce their impact on power systems and equipment. The compensator aims to automatically adjust its absorption of harmonic currents as conditions vary to improve efficiency and avoid overcompensation issues.
Ecology is the study of how organisms live and interact in their environment. It involves studying the relationships between organisms and their surroundings. The term ecology literally means "study of the household" so if studying fish ecology, it means examining fish neighborhoods and their interactions.
Zipcar is a car sharing service that operates vehicles in neighborhoods, near businesses, and at transit locations in Boston. Members can drive Zipcars by the hour or day for as little as $4.50/hr, with no long-term commitments or additional fees for fuel, insurance, or maintenance. Zipcar is looking to expand into new East Coast markets and promote their environmental and cost-saving benefits for both individual consumers and businesses.
The Fruit of the Spirit is FaithfulnessDave Stewart
We know that God is faithful, and since we are His children, we should be faithful too. We must determine to be faithful to God, to our brethren, and to ourselves.
This document appears to be a series of random symbols and does not contain any discernible text, images, or other meaningful content that could be summarized. The document does not provide any essential information that could be extracted in 3 sentences or less.
Creative Biolabs is skilled in NGS-based cancer research. We support one-stop cancer research services based on a variety of sequencing technologies. Our whole gene sequencing (WGS) and whole exome sequencing (WES) platforms enable us to comprehensively analyze and identify known and unknown cancer gene mutations. Besides, we also provide high-quality target sequencing services, allowing us to analyze several or even hundreds of target gene mutations economically and effectively. Our services will facilitate our customers’ cancer research including cancer diagnosis and treatment.
https://www.creative-biolabs.com/suprecision/genetic-testing-for-cancer.htm
This document outlines the compensation plan for "The Debt Liberator" multi-level marketing company. It describes three packages - Basic, Advanced, and Accelerated - that allow distributors to open different numbers of "Business Centers" by purchasing starter packs at $99, $249, and $499 respectively. Distributors then earn income from direct bonuses on pack sales, overrides on sales from those they recruit, direct commissions, and residual income. The highest paid Accelerated package allows opening 7 Business Centers at once for maximum daily payout of up to $7,700.
The document is a warning from Webasto regarding potential issues with heating systems in certain airplanes. It details that Webasto heating and air conditioning systems installed in some planes may contain defective coolant hoses that could leak or need replacing. The warning instructs owners and operators of affected planes to inspect and potentially replace components to avoid failure and ensure safe operation.
This document discusses provisions of the Affordable Care Act related to establishing a new health care system. It references multiple sections of the ACA legislation related to creating health insurance exchanges, mandating coverage of pre-existing conditions, and providing subsidies to help individuals afford coverage. The sections cited work together to establish new rules and assistance to expand access to health care insurance.
The document discusses several topics related to government and authority:
1. It references a Bible passage stating that all authority is instituted by God and people should submit to governing authorities.
2. It quotes a line from V for Vendetta suggesting that governments may not want citizens to know if they were responsible for many deaths.
3. It discusses Ralph Waldo Emerson's view that less government is better with fewer laws and less centralized power, and that individual character and growth are the antidotes to abuses of formal government.
4. It concludes with a single word: "And then there was one." implying that having one person in power may be preferable to many.
This document discusses social media communication and success in the social media age. It touches on the differences between social media communication and traditional communication, examples of successful social media personalities, and smart communication techniques on social media. The overall themes appear to be how knowledge is shared and relationships are formed in the current social media landscape.
The document summarizes a historic meeting between Pope Francis and Patriarch Bartholomew I of Constantinople. It discusses their efforts to heal the schism between the Catholic and Orthodox churches through increased cooperation and joint celebrations. It also mentions Pope Francis' upcoming trip to Brazil for World Youth Day.
The document discusses the characteristics of gravel used in construction. It provides details on the composition, size, shape, and properties of gravel. The ideal gravel for construction purposes is angular, durable, and ranges in size from 4-50 mm. The shape and mineral composition of the gravel impacts its hardness and resistance to weathering.
The document discusses reconnecting with the Korean language and viewing Korean in a new light. It mentions communicating in Korean again and looking at Korean anew. The author's name is given as Kang Byeong-in.
Detecting Somatic Mutations in Impure Cancer Sample - Ensemble ApproachHong ChangBum
The document describes an ensemble approach for detecting somatic mutations in impure cancer samples. It details the benchmark data set used from TCGA, which includes BAM files for a tumor sample that is 50% tumor cells and 50% normal cells mixed. It then outlines several commonly used somatic mutation callers - SomaticSniper, VarScan2, MuTect - and applies them to the data set. The results from the different callers are then combined using various filtering and consensus approaches to generate a high confidence list of somatic mutations for validation.
This document discusses approaches for identifying somatic mutations from cancer sequencing data using multiple mutation callers. It compares several popular mutation callers, explores a simple consensus approach, and proposes an integrated ensemble approach. The ensemble approach applies multiple callers, filters using GATK, and assigns a ranking score to variants based on validation rates to generate a high-confidence list of somatic mutations. This strategy aims to leverage the strengths of different callers to improve accuracy over any single caller.
Genome Wide SNP Analysis for Inferring the Population Structure and Genetic H...Hong ChangBum
Study of genome-wide SNPs, mitochondrial DNA and Y-chromosomal DNA variation can provide a valuable information about the population structure and peopling of human populations. To explain a genetic homogeneity of Koreans and population structure of Koreans and the East Asian populations, we analyzed 153 individuals from the Korea and 77 individuals from the East Asia at 46,559 common single-nucleotide polymorphic loci. The 137 CHB and 113 JPT individuals at 25,769 common SNPs from the International HapMap project were further analyzed to reveal the population structure of the East Asians. Principal Component analyses (PCA) and population differentiation ( ) are examined. In the PCA test, the Jeju individuals were slightly different from other Koreans but their values were not significant. This reflect the genetic homogeneity of Korea population. In general, all the individual samples studied here were clustered into subset of ethnic origin according to their geographical location except Mongolians. Whole genome sequencing of Koreans and other population genome by next generation sequencing technology will provide great opportunity to understand the population expansion and peopling of Korea better.
This document provides an overview of analyzing RNA-Seq data using the Tuxedo protocol in Galaxy. It describes experimental design considerations, quality control of sequencing data using FastQC, mapping reads to a reference genome using Tophat, determining differential expression with Cuffdiff, and visualizing results using IGV and CummeRbund. The tutorial walks through an example analysis on Drosophila melanogaster RNA-Seq data, covering topics such as setting file formats, running alignment and expression tools, extracting workflows, and useful Galaxy resources.
This document provides an overview of using the STRUCTURE software to analyze population structure from genetic data. STRUCTURE is a model-based clustering method that detects underlying genetic populations among individuals genotyped at multiple markers. It takes genotype data as input and computes the proportion of each individual's genome originating from inferred populations. The document discusses input format, parameter configuration, running single and batch runs, and analyzing results to infer the true number of populations.
1. BioSMACK is a Linux Live CD customized for analysis of genome-wide association studies (GWAS).
2. It provides pre-compiled, installed and configured software for GWAS analysis like PLINK, EIGENSTRAT, STRUCTURE, and others from a bootable CD/USB without installing on the hard disk.
3. Future works include supporting cloud and cluster computing for parallel GWAS analysis on large datasets.
Next-generation genomics: an integrative approachHong ChangBum
This document summarizes a presentation on next-generation genomics and integrative analysis. It discusses the types of genomic data available from techniques like genome sequencing, RNA sequencing, ChIP-seq, and epigenomics. It explains that integrative analysis can help annotate functional features, infer variant function, and understand gene regulation. Approaches to integration include data reduction, unsupervised clustering, and supervised Bayesian networks. Large-scale datasets can be accessed through browsers, add-ons, and standalone tools to generate novel hypotheses. Future work includes more integrated community resources with search capabilities.
This document summarizes a study that analyzed population differentiation at disease-associated SNPs in over 1,000 individuals from 53 global populations. The study genotyped 25 SNPs related to 6 complex human diseases in populations from 7 geographic regions. It found genetic differentiation between populations, with some SNPs showing strong differentiation within East Asia or between Korea and Jeju Island. Allele frequencies of disease SNPs varied between populations and were not always predictive between races. The study also examined selection resources to identify signals of selection, like thicker hair, and found differences in selected regions between East Asia, Middle East and Europe. It concluded that analyzing a large number of populations can help replicate findings and better characterize allele frequency differences globally.
Perspectives of identifying Korean genetic variationsHong ChangBum
This document summarizes research on identifying genetic variations in the Korean population using single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). It describes analyzing the population structure based on SNP genotypes, using SNPs to determine kinship, and identifying monozygotic twins using copy number variations (CNVs). It also discusses using SNPs to study physical traits in Koreans and developing ancestry informative markers and a database of genomic variants for Korea.
Genome Browser based on Google Maps APIHong ChangBum
The document discusses using the Google Maps API to embed maps on web pages. It allows users to manipulate maps and add content. Key details include how to position maps using longitude and latitude coordinates, how genomic sequence data is tiled into images at different zoom levels, and how those images are named algorithmically based on their position. Components like panels and a search box for interacting with the embedded map are also mentioned.
The document describes the Korean Database of Genomic Variants (KDGV), which is available online at http://ksnp.cdc.go.kr. It was established in 2009 to catalog genomic variants in the Korean population. The KDGV integrates data from other Korean genomic databases including KSNP, KARE, and GWASaid to provide information on SNPs, genes, and genomic regions of interest. It allows users to search and browse genomic data through the customizable genome browser interface.
Direct-to-Consumer Genetic Testing Companies is a document that lists various genetic tests that can be obtained directly from companies without a doctor. It includes tests related to health conditions like cardiovascular disease, diabetes, osteoporosis, cancer, and neurological disorders. The document also lists tests for traits like athletic performance and tests targeted at certain ethnic populations like those of Ashkenazi Jewish descent.
This document discusses genomic variation research and personalized medicine. It mentions tools used for sequence alignment, database management, text analysis, and machine learning algorithms. Genome browsers and clusters are referenced as computational resources. Challenges around analyzing large genomic datasets within reasonable timeframes are also noted.
This document discusses GenomeBrowser. It mentions that the UCSC Human Genome Browser receives 50,000 hits per day and 3,000 users per day, while another receives 1,257 hits per day and 10 users per day. It also discusses various features of GenomeBrowser like being lightweight, configurable, and promoting data sharing.
The document discusses Genome Browser, a lightweight and portable genome browsing software. It can be configured and customized easily. It promotes data sharing through tracks and supports the Distributed Annotation System (DAS) for adding third-party data. The software uses common bioinformatics libraries and has easy installation methods for various operating systems.
5-hydroxytryptamine or 5-HT or Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that serves a range of roles in the human body. It is sometimes referred to as the happy chemical since it promotes overall well-being and happiness.
It is mostly found in the brain, intestines, and blood platelets.
5-HT is utilised to transport messages between nerve cells, is known to be involved in smooth muscle contraction, and adds to overall well-being and pleasure, among other benefits. 5-HT regulates the body's sleep-wake cycles and internal clock by acting as a precursor to melatonin.
It is hypothesised to regulate hunger, emotions, motor, cognitive, and autonomic processes.
Breast cancer: Post menopausal endocrine therapyDr. Sumit KUMAR
Breast cancer in postmenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive (HR+) status is a common and complex condition that necessitates a multifaceted approach to management. HR+ breast cancer means that the cancer cells grow in response to hormones such as estrogen and progesterone. This subtype is prevalent among postmenopausal women and typically exhibits a more indolent course compared to other forms of breast cancer, which allows for a variety of treatment options.
Diagnosis and Staging
The diagnosis of HR+ breast cancer begins with clinical evaluation, imaging, and biopsy. Imaging modalities such as mammography, ultrasound, and MRI help in assessing the extent of the disease. Histopathological examination and immunohistochemical staining of the biopsy sample confirm the diagnosis and hormone receptor status by identifying the presence of estrogen receptors (ER) and progesterone receptors (PR) on the tumor cells.
Staging involves determining the size of the tumor (T), the involvement of regional lymph nodes (N), and the presence of distant metastasis (M). The American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging system is commonly used. Accurate staging is critical as it guides treatment decisions.
Treatment Options
Endocrine Therapy
Endocrine therapy is the cornerstone of treatment for HR+ breast cancer in postmenopausal women. The primary goal is to reduce the levels of estrogen or block its effects on cancer cells. Commonly used agents include:
Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs): Tamoxifen is a SERM that binds to estrogen receptors, blocking estrogen from stimulating breast cancer cells. It is effective but may have side effects such as increased risk of endometrial cancer and thromboembolic events.
Aromatase Inhibitors (AIs): These drugs, including anastrozole, letrozole, and exemestane, lower estrogen levels by inhibiting the aromatase enzyme, which converts androgens to estrogen in peripheral tissues. AIs are generally preferred in postmenopausal women due to their efficacy and safety profile compared to tamoxifen.
Selective Estrogen Receptor Downregulators (SERDs): Fulvestrant is a SERD that degrades estrogen receptors and is used in cases where resistance to other endocrine therapies develops.
Combination Therapies
Combining endocrine therapy with other treatments enhances efficacy. Examples include:
Endocrine Therapy with CDK4/6 Inhibitors: Palbociclib, ribociclib, and abemaciclib are CDK4/6 inhibitors that, when combined with endocrine therapy, significantly improve progression-free survival in advanced HR+ breast cancer.
Endocrine Therapy with mTOR Inhibitors: Everolimus, an mTOR inhibitor, can be added to endocrine therapy for patients who have developed resistance to aromatase inhibitors.
Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy is generally reserved for patients with high-risk features, such as large tumor size, high-grade histology, or extensive lymph node involvement. Regimens often include anthracyclines and taxanes.
Discover the benefits of homeopathic medicine for irregular periods with our guide on 5 common remedies. Learn how these natural treatments can help regulate menstrual cycles and improve overall menstrual health.
Visit Us: https://drdeepikashomeopathy.com/service/irregular-periods-treatment/
Pictorial and detailed description of patellar instability with sign and symptoms and how to diagnose , what investigations you should go with and how to approach with treatment options . I have presented this slide in my 2nd year junior residency in orthopedics at LLRM medical college Meerut and got good reviews for it
After getting it read you will definitely understand the topic.
Are you looking for a long-lasting solution to your missing tooth?
Dental implants are the most common type of method for replacing the missing tooth. Unlike dentures or bridges, implants are surgically placed in the jawbone. In layman’s terms, a dental implant is similar to the natural root of the tooth. It offers a stable foundation for the artificial tooth giving it the look, feel, and function similar to the natural tooth.
Osvaldo Bernardo Muchanga-GASTROINTESTINAL INFECTIONS AND GASTRITIS-2024.pdfOsvaldo Bernardo Muchanga
GASTROINTESTINAL INFECTIONS AND GASTRITIS
Osvaldo Bernardo Muchanga
Gastrointestinal Infections
GASTROINTESTINAL INFECTIONS result from the ingestion of pathogens that cause infections at the level of this tract, generally being transmitted by food, water and hands contaminated by microorganisms such as E. coli, Salmonella, Shigella, Vibrio cholerae, Campylobacter, Staphylococcus, Rotavirus among others that are generally contained in feces, thus configuring a FECAL-ORAL type of transmission.
Among the factors that lead to the occurrence of gastrointestinal infections are the hygienic and sanitary deficiencies that characterize our markets and other places where raw or cooked food is sold, poor environmental sanitation in communities, deficiencies in water treatment (or in the process of its plumbing), risky hygienic-sanitary habits (not washing hands after major and/or minor needs), among others.
These are generally consequences (signs and symptoms) resulting from gastrointestinal infections: diarrhea, vomiting, fever and malaise, among others.
The treatment consists of replacing lost liquids and electrolytes (drinking drinking water and other recommended liquids, including consumption of juicy fruits such as papayas, apples, pears, among others that contain water in their composition).
To prevent this, it is necessary to promote health education, improve the hygienic-sanitary conditions of markets and communities in general as a way of promoting, preserving and prolonging PUBLIC HEALTH.
Gastritis and Gastric Health
Gastric Health is one of the most relevant concerns in human health, with gastrointestinal infections being among the main illnesses that affect humans.
Among gastric problems, we have GASTRITIS AND GASTRIC ULCERS as the main public health problems. Gastritis and gastric ulcers normally result from inflammation and corrosion of the walls of the stomach (gastric mucosa) and are generally associated (caused) by the bacterium Helicobacter pylor, which, according to the literature, this bacterium settles on these walls (of the stomach) and starts to release urease that ends up altering the normal pH of the stomach (acid), which leads to inflammation and corrosion of the mucous membranes and consequent gastritis or ulcers, respectively.
In addition to bacterial infections, gastritis and gastric ulcers are associated with several factors, with emphasis on prolonged fasting, chemical substances including drugs, alcohol, foods with strong seasonings including chilli, which ends up causing inflammation of the stomach walls and/or corrosion. of the same, resulting in the appearance of wounds and consequent gastritis or ulcers, respectively.
Among patients with gastritis and/or ulcers, one of the dilemmas is associated with the foods to consume in order to minimize the sensation of pain and discomfort.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/Pt1nA32sdHQ
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/uFdc9F0rlP0
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
1. Direct-to-Consumer Genetic Testing Companies
Last updated 11/3/2008
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Ashkenazi Jewish Screening
Type 1 / 2 Diabetes, Obesity
Osteoporosis / Bone Health
Recurrent Pregnancy Loss
Personal Genome Service
Restless Legs Syndrome
Gastrointestinal Disease
Spinal Muscular Atrophy
Neural Tube / Trisomies
Cardiovascular Disease
Athletic Performance
Bipolar / Depression
Periodontal Disease
Fragile X Syndrome
Tay-Sachs Disease
Sickle Cell Disease
Psoriasis / Eczema
Hemochromatosis
Gaucher Disease
Glaucoma / AMD
General Nutrition
Multipe Sclerosis
Metabolic Health
Graves' Disease
Eye / Hair Color
Drug Response
HIV Resistance
Celiac Disease
Cystic Fibrosis
Schizophrenia
Fetal Gender
OCD/ADHD
Thrombosis
Parkinson's
Skin Profile
Narcolepsy
Alzheimer
Hair Loss
Addiction
Infertility
Asthma
Arthritis
Cancer
Height
Lupus
Genetic Testing Company
23andMe X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X
Acu-gen Biolabs X
BioMarker Pharmaceuticals X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X
Consumer Genetics X X
CyGene Direct X X X X X X
DeCODE X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X
DNA Dimensions X X X
DNA Direct X X X X X X X X X X X X
DNA Traits X X X X X X X X
Enterolab X
G-nostics X
Genelex X X X X X X X X
GeneLink Biosciences X X X X
Gene Partner X X
Graceful Earth X
Health Check USA X X X
Holistic Health Consultants X
iGenix - Q Trait X X X X X X X X X
Inneova X X X X X X X
Knome X
MediChecks X X X X X X X X X X
My Genome X X X X X X
Navigenics X X X X X X X X X X X X X
New Hope Medical X X X X X X X X X X X X X X
Niagen X X
Proactive Genomics X
Psynomics X
Quixtar - Interleukin Genetics X X
Salugen X X
Scientific Match X
Sciona X X X X
SeqWright X X X X X X X X X X X
Smart Genetics X X
Suracell X
Genetics and Public Policy Center