We investigated the the probiotic strains Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus reuteri, Bifidobacterium longum infantis and Lactobacillus helveticus for their ability to modulate cytokine release in primary murine mast cells in vitro
Research Article of Evaluation of Immunomodulatory Activity of Dalbergia Lati...iosrjce
To evaluate the immunomodulatory activity of ethanolic extracts of Dalbergia latifolia bark (Fabaceae) on Swiss albino mice.Cyclophosphamide induced immunosuppression model and Neutrophil adhesion test. Animal used -
Swiss albino mice.
here is a powerpoint presentation on monoclonal antibodies fro students and researchers. if you are a student and looking for a presentation on the topic to present in class. this one is for you my friend.
Adjuvant is an immunological agent which enhances the body's immune response to an antigen.
Adjuvants may be added to a vaccine to boost the immune response to produce more antibodies and longer-lasting immunity, thus minimizing the dose of antigen needed to the vaccine.
Adjuvants are used in combination with a specific antigen that produced a more robust immune response than the antigen can do alone.
Research Article of Evaluation of Immunomodulatory Activity of Dalbergia Lati...iosrjce
To evaluate the immunomodulatory activity of ethanolic extracts of Dalbergia latifolia bark (Fabaceae) on Swiss albino mice.Cyclophosphamide induced immunosuppression model and Neutrophil adhesion test. Animal used -
Swiss albino mice.
here is a powerpoint presentation on monoclonal antibodies fro students and researchers. if you are a student and looking for a presentation on the topic to present in class. this one is for you my friend.
Adjuvant is an immunological agent which enhances the body's immune response to an antigen.
Adjuvants may be added to a vaccine to boost the immune response to produce more antibodies and longer-lasting immunity, thus minimizing the dose of antigen needed to the vaccine.
Adjuvants are used in combination with a specific antigen that produced a more robust immune response than the antigen can do alone.
An antibody (Ab), also known as an immunoglobulin (Ig), is a large, Y-shaped protein produced mainly by plasma cells that is used by the immune system to neutralize pathogens such as pathogenic bacteria and viruses.
Monoclonal antibodies are important reagents used in biomedical research, in diagnosis of diseases, and in treatment of such diseases as infections and cancer.
These antibodies are produced by cell lines or clones obtained from animals that have been immunized with the substance that is the subject of study.
Immunity
It can be defined as the resistance to disease, specifically to infectious disease or pathogens. The term “immune” is derived from the Latin word “immunis” that is exempt from charges. In medical term, it refers to the being protected from infectious pathogens.
Immune system
It is adaptive defense system which is able to generate a variety of cell and molecules capable of specifically recognizing and eliminating a variety of limitless foreign invaders into the system.
In 1975 Georges Kohler and Milstein succeeded in making fusions of myeloma cell lines with B cells to create hybridomas that could produce antibodies.
antibody
Also known as immunoglobulin is a large, Y shaped glycoprotein produced mainly by plasma cells that is used by the immune system to neutralize pathogens.
monoclonal antibodies
Antibodies that are made by identical immune cells that are clones of a unique parent cell.
polyclonal antibodies
A polyclonal antibodies represents a collection of antibodies from different B cells that recognize multiple epitopes on the same antigen.
Dr. Mrigendra Rajput - Immunological Basis of Sow Feedback ProgramsJohn Blue
Immunological Basis of Sow Feedback Programs - Dr. Mrigendra Rajput, from the 2017 Allen D. Leman Swine Conference, September 16-19, 2017, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA.
More presentations at http://www.swinecast.com/2017-leman-swine-conference-material
An antibody (Ab), also known as an immunoglobulin (Ig), is a large, Y-shaped protein produced mainly by plasma cells that is used by the immune system to neutralize pathogens such as pathogenic bacteria and viruses.
Monoclonal antibodies are important reagents used in biomedical research, in diagnosis of diseases, and in treatment of such diseases as infections and cancer.
These antibodies are produced by cell lines or clones obtained from animals that have been immunized with the substance that is the subject of study.
Immunity
It can be defined as the resistance to disease, specifically to infectious disease or pathogens. The term “immune” is derived from the Latin word “immunis” that is exempt from charges. In medical term, it refers to the being protected from infectious pathogens.
Immune system
It is adaptive defense system which is able to generate a variety of cell and molecules capable of specifically recognizing and eliminating a variety of limitless foreign invaders into the system.
In 1975 Georges Kohler and Milstein succeeded in making fusions of myeloma cell lines with B cells to create hybridomas that could produce antibodies.
antibody
Also known as immunoglobulin is a large, Y shaped glycoprotein produced mainly by plasma cells that is used by the immune system to neutralize pathogens.
monoclonal antibodies
Antibodies that are made by identical immune cells that are clones of a unique parent cell.
polyclonal antibodies
A polyclonal antibodies represents a collection of antibodies from different B cells that recognize multiple epitopes on the same antigen.
Dr. Mrigendra Rajput - Immunological Basis of Sow Feedback ProgramsJohn Blue
Immunological Basis of Sow Feedback Programs - Dr. Mrigendra Rajput, from the 2017 Allen D. Leman Swine Conference, September 16-19, 2017, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA.
More presentations at http://www.swinecast.com/2017-leman-swine-conference-material
Dr. Mrigendra Rajput - Immunological Basis of Sow Feedback ProgramsJohn Blue
Immunological Basis of Sow Feedback Programs - Dr. Mrigendra Rajput, from the 2017 Allen D. Leman Swine Conference, September 16-19, 2017, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA.
More presentations at http://www.swinecast.com/2017-leman-swine-conference-material
A cell line is a product of immortal cells that are used for biological research.
Cells used for cell lines are immortal, that happens if a cell is cancerous.
The cells can perpetuate division indefinitely which is unlike regular cells which can only divide approximately 50 times.
Human cell lines
MCF-7 breast cancer
HL 60 Leukemia
HEK-293 Human embryonic kidney
HeLa Henrietta lacks
Primate cell lines
Vero African green monkey kidney epithelial cells
Cos-7 African green monkey kidney cells
And others such as CHO from hamster, sf9 & sf21 from insect cells.
By Dr. Usama Ragab Youssif
Definitions & Nomenclatures
Structure of immunoglobulins
Immunoglobulins in our bodies
Physiologic actions of immunoglobulins
The Idea behind use of immunoglobulins
Uses: indications, mechanisms, preparation, posology, administration
Adverse effects
Safe practice
Final bottom-line
Richard's entangled aventures in wonderlandRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
Seminar of U.V. Spectroscopy by SAMIR PANDASAMIR PANDA
Spectroscopy is a branch of science dealing the study of interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy refers to absorption spectroscopy or reflect spectroscopy in the UV-VIS spectral region.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy is an analytical method that can measure the amount of light received by the analyte.
Multi-source connectivity as the driver of solar wind variability in the heli...Sérgio Sacani
The ambient solar wind that flls the heliosphere originates from multiple
sources in the solar corona and is highly structured. It is often described
as high-speed, relatively homogeneous, plasma streams from coronal
holes and slow-speed, highly variable, streams whose source regions are
under debate. A key goal of ESA/NASA’s Solar Orbiter mission is to identify
solar wind sources and understand what drives the complexity seen in the
heliosphere. By combining magnetic feld modelling and spectroscopic
techniques with high-resolution observations and measurements, we show
that the solar wind variability detected in situ by Solar Orbiter in March
2022 is driven by spatio-temporal changes in the magnetic connectivity to
multiple sources in the solar atmosphere. The magnetic feld footpoints
connected to the spacecraft moved from the boundaries of a coronal hole
to one active region (12961) and then across to another region (12957). This
is refected in the in situ measurements, which show the transition from fast
to highly Alfvénic then to slow solar wind that is disrupted by the arrival of
a coronal mass ejection. Our results describe solar wind variability at 0.5 au
but are applicable to near-Earth observatories.
Slide 1: Title Slide
Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Slide 2: Introduction to Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Definition: Extrachromosomal inheritance refers to the transmission of genetic material that is not found within the nucleus.
Key Components: Involves genes located in mitochondria, chloroplasts, and plasmids.
Slide 3: Mitochondrial Inheritance
Mitochondria: Organelles responsible for energy production.
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in mitochondria.
Inheritance Pattern: Maternally inherited, meaning it is passed from mothers to all their offspring.
Diseases: Examples include Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) and mitochondrial myopathy.
Slide 4: Chloroplast Inheritance
Chloroplasts: Organelles responsible for photosynthesis in plants.
Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in chloroplasts.
Inheritance Pattern: Often maternally inherited in most plants, but can vary in some species.
Examples: Variegation in plants, where leaf color patterns are determined by chloroplast DNA.
Slide 5: Plasmid Inheritance
Plasmids: Small, circular DNA molecules found in bacteria and some eukaryotes.
Features: Can carry antibiotic resistance genes and can be transferred between cells through processes like conjugation.
Significance: Important in biotechnology for gene cloning and genetic engineering.
Slide 6: Mechanisms of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Non-Mendelian Patterns: Do not follow Mendel’s laws of inheritance.
Cytoplasmic Segregation: During cell division, organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts are randomly distributed to daughter cells.
Heteroplasmy: Presence of more than one type of organellar genome within a cell, leading to variation in expression.
Slide 7: Examples of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Four O’clock Plant (Mirabilis jalapa): Shows variegated leaves due to different cpDNA in leaf cells.
Petite Mutants in Yeast: Result from mutations in mitochondrial DNA affecting respiration.
Slide 8: Importance of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Evolution: Provides insight into the evolution of eukaryotic cells.
Medicine: Understanding mitochondrial inheritance helps in diagnosing and treating mitochondrial diseases.
Agriculture: Chloroplast inheritance can be used in plant breeding and genetic modification.
Slide 9: Recent Research and Advances
Gene Editing: Techniques like CRISPR-Cas9 are being used to edit mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA.
Therapies: Development of mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT) for preventing mitochondrial diseases.
Slide 10: Conclusion
Summary: Extrachromosomal inheritance involves the transmission of genetic material outside the nucleus and plays a crucial role in genetics, medicine, and biotechnology.
Future Directions: Continued research and technological advancements hold promise for new treatments and applications.
Slide 11: Questions and Discussion
Invite Audience: Open the floor for any questions or further discussion on the topic.
Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...Sérgio Sacani
Since volcanic activity was first discovered on Io from Voyager images in 1979, changes
on Io’s surface have been monitored from both spacecraft and ground-based telescopes.
Here, we present the highest spatial resolution images of Io ever obtained from a groundbased telescope. These images, acquired by the SHARK-VIS instrument on the Large
Binocular Telescope, show evidence of a major resurfacing event on Io’s trailing hemisphere. When compared to the most recent spacecraft images, the SHARK-VIS images
show that a plume deposit from a powerful eruption at Pillan Patera has covered part
of the long-lived Pele plume deposit. Although this type of resurfacing event may be common on Io, few have been detected due to the rarity of spacecraft visits and the previously low spatial resolution available from Earth-based telescopes. The SHARK-VIS instrument ushers in a new era of high resolution imaging of Io’s surface using adaptive
optics at visible wavelengths.
Richard's aventures in two entangled wonderlandsRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
insect taxonomy importance systematics and classification
Drug Discovery Project Presentation
1. The pro– and anti–inflammatory
profiles of five different probiotics
Elizabeth Choi, Jacob Curtis, Laiba Jamshed, Rachael Wang
Honours Biology & Pharmacology, McMaster University
3. The role of mast cells in IgE–mediated anaphylaxis
3
Mast Cells
● Granulocyte class of white blood cells1
● Originated from pluripotent progenitor cells of the bone marrow
● Found in mucosal and epithelial tissues
● Primary effector cells in allergic reactions
● Have surface FcεRI receptors
Immunoglobin E (IgE)
● Primary antibody involved in atopic and inflammatory diseases2
http://www.bloodjournal.org/content
/bloodjournal/112/4/946/F2.large.jpg
4. The mechanism of allergic reactions
4
Antigen
Granules
Crosslinking Degranulation
Figures adapted from Parham P (2014) The Immune System, 4th ed., Garland Science.
6. 6
The role of mast cells in host defense
● Have surface toll-like receptors (TLRs)4
● Gram-positive bacteria have peptidoglycan (PGN) activates TLR-2
o Degranulation
● Gram-negative bacteria have lipopolysaccharide (LPS) activates TLR-4
o No degranulation
Mast Cells
Both activated TLRs result in the release of IL-6 and IL-105
9. 9
The rationale of using probiotics
Probiotics
● Live microorganisms with beneficial health effects6
● Found naturally in the GI tract and externally in fermented foods
● Have been shown to reduce inflammatory cytokines in vitro7
o Effects are strain-specific
o May attenuate inflammation in allergic reactions and other
inflammatory diseases
Do probiotics have direct effects on mast cells?
10. 10
Objective
Hypothesis
To investigate the effects of different strains of probiotics on
cytokine release by bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMCs) in vitro
Different strains of probiotics would differentially downregulate
IL–6 release and enhance IL–10 release
12. 12
From PMMCs culturing to plating
4–6 weeks old
male BALB/c mice
BMMCs in pokeweed
mitogen-stimulated
culture medium
BMMCs splitting ×3
3 weeks later
BMMCs seedingELISAs
24 h
37 °C
13. 13
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)
A well in the 96-well microplate
Capture antibody
IL-6 or IL-10
Blocking agent
Detection antibody
Enzyme
Substrate
Figure adapted from https://www.thermofisher.com/content/dam/LifeTech/Images/integration/ELISAFormats575x214.jpg
14. 14
Advantages and limitations of ELISA
● Highly specific8
● Flexible
● Sensitive
● Have a specific antibody
● Present in detectable quantity
● Soluble in aqueous sample
● Cannot contain interfering
substances
Advantages Limitations
23. L. rhamnosus induced neither IL-6 nor IL-10 release
23
Figures adapted from Miettinen et al. (1998)
● IL-6 and IL-10 release from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs)
24. L. reuteri induced the release of only IL-10
24
E. coli
L. reuteri
MF
Figure adapted from Smits et al. (2005) Figure adapted from Fink et al. (2007)
● IL-6 and IL-10 release from dendritic cells
*
26. Summary
26
Group IL-6 IL-10 Implication
Medium – – Negative control
– – InertL. rhamnosus
Similar to LPSB. infantis
– InflammatoryL. helveticus
Positive controlLPS
Anti-inflammatoryL. reuteri –
Similar to LPSB. bifidum
27. Conclusions and implications
27
● Different strains of probiotics have differential abilities to
modulate cytokine release
● L. reuteri appeared to be the most promising anti-inflammatory
agent
o In vivo experiments potential supplementary treatment
● Probiotics have therapeutic potential in allergy and
inflammatory diseases
28. Acknowledgements
28
We would like to thank Dr. Paul Forsythe, from the Research
Institute of St. Joseph’s Hospital, for offering the opportunity to
complete this project in his lab and for his overall guidance
We would also like to thank Ibrahim Khambati and Catheryne Cao
for their constant assistance and support over the course of this
project
29. References
(1) Krystel-Whittemore M, Dileepan KN, and Wood JG (2015) Mast cell: a multi-functional master cell. Front Immunol 6:620.
(2) Stone KD, Prussin C, and Metcalfe DD (2010) IgE, mast cells, basophils, and eosinophils. J Allergy Clin Immunol 125:S73–S80.
(3) Zhang J-M, and An J (2007) Cytokines, inflammation, and pain. Int Anesthesiol Clin 45:27–37.
(4) Sandig H, and Bulfone-Paus S (2012) TLR signaling in mast cells: common and unique features. Front Immunol 3:185.
(5) Varadaradjalou S, Féger F, Thieblemont N, Hamouda NB, Pleau J-M, Dy M, and Arock M (2003) Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and TLR4 differentially
activate human mast cells. Eur J Immunol 33:899–906.
(6) Shi LH, Balakrishnan K, Thiagarajah K, Mohd Ismail NI, and Yin OS (2016) Beneficial properties of probiotics. Trop life Sci Res 27:73–90.
(7) Michail S (2009) The role of probiotics in allergic diseases. Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol 5:5.
(8) The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (1976) . Bull World Health Organ 54:129–139.
(9) Miettinen M, Matikainen S, Vuopio-Varkila J, Pirhonen J, Varkila K, Kurimoto M, and Julkunen I (1998) Lactobacilli and streptococci induce
interleukin-12 (IL-12), IL-18, and gamma interferon production in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Infect Immun 66:6058–6062.
(10) Smits HH, Engering A, van der Kleij D, de Jong EC, Schipper K, van Capel TMM, Zaat BAJ, Yazdanbakhsh M, Wierenga EA, van Kooyk Y, and
Kapsenberg ML (2005) Selective probiotic bacteria induce IL-10–producing regulatory T cells in vitro by modulating dendritic cell function through
dendritic cell–specific intercellular adhesion molecule 3–grabbing nonintegrin. J Allergy Clin Immunol 115:1260–1267.
(11) Fink LN, Zeuthen LH, Christensen HR, Morandi B, Frokiaer H, and Ferlazzo G (2007) Distinct gut-derived lactic acid bacteria elicit divergent dendritic
cell-mediated NK cell responses. Int Immunol 19:1319–1327.
(12) Lammers KM, Brigidi P, Vitali B, Gionchetti P, Rizzello F, Caramelli E, Matteuzzi D, and Campieri M (2003) Immunomodulatory effects of probiotic
bacteria DNA: IL-1 and IL-10 response in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 38:165–172. 30
32. Does 1:100 PMMC : L. rhamnosus induce more
IL–6 release with increasing [LPS] pre-treatment?
33. B. Infantis induced both IL-6 and IL-10 release
33
Figures adapted from Lammers et al. (2003)
● IL-6 and IL-10 release from PBMCIL-6pg/PBMC
IL-10pg/PBMC
