Drainage 9th class
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The document summarizes India's river systems. It describes how rivers originate and flow through different stages from youthful to mature to older. It notes that India's river systems can be categorized as Himalayan or peninsular rivers. Himalayan rivers originate in the Himalayas and are longer and perennial, while peninsular rivers originate in the Deccan plateau and are shorter, drying up in summer. It provides details on the Indus river system, the longest in India, describing its source, tributaries, and flow through India and Pakistan before draining into the Arabian Sea. It mentions the Indus Waters Treaty between India and Pakistan that allocates water rights.
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Drainage System of India
The document discusses river drainage systems in India. It explains that a river system includes a main river and its tributaries, and the area drained by a river and its tributaries is called a drainage basin. Some of the largest drainage basins in the world include the Ganges River basin in India, the Nile River basin in Africa, and the Amazon River basin in South America. It also describes the three stages in a river's journey - the youthful stage involving vertical erosion, the mature stage involving lateral erosion and landforms like meanders, and the older stage where a river flows slowly and mainly involves deposition of silt and sand to form landforms like deltas.
Rivers by Dmitry Charkviani 3.01
Rivers form from rainwater flowing over land and collecting in streams. They flow from high elevations down to oceans, lakes or other bodies of water. Rivers have common structures like watersheds, basins, tributaries and channels. The largest rivers include the Nile, Amazon and Mississippi. Rivers experience flooding when water exceeds capacity. Dams help control flooding but are also used for water collection and power generation. Bridges allow crossing rivers. Life like bears and beavers inhabit rivers, which support surrounding plant growth. Flow rates are measured in cubic meters per second.
Fluvial Process And Related Land Forms
The document discusses fluvial processes and landforms. It describes various types of erosion caused by water including surface erosion through splash and sheet erosion, and channel erosion through rills, gullies, and streams. It also discusses drainage basins and patterns, explaining how drainage patterns are influenced by geology and reflect the arrangement of river courses. Various landforms resulting from fluvial processes are also mentioned.
Types of Rivers
The drainage pattern shown is dendritic. A dendritic drainage pattern occurs in regions where the underlying rock is uniform in its resistance to erosion. It resembles the branching pattern of a tree, with many small tributaries that join together into larger streams and rivers, eventually converging to a single outlet. The branching tributaries meet the main rivers at acute angles. This type of drainage pattern suggests an underlying topography that has a uniform resistance to erosion, allowing the drainage network to develop evenly in all directions without being controlled by the geology.
River bank erosion in bangladesh
This document discusses river bank erosion in Bangladesh. It notes that Bangladesh has over 250 rivers that are prone to bank erosion during monsoons due to high water flows. The primary causes of erosion are the flat landscape offering little resistance to water forces, rivers entering mature stages where they meander and change course frequently, and large sediment loads that cause flooding and erosion. Erosion negatively impacts communities through loss of land and housing, economic impacts from lost agriculture land, and health impacts. The document outlines measures to reduce erosion including hard structures, increasing flow areas, planting vegetation, and using wood pilings.
Rivers presentation
Rivers and streams begin as small tributaries that merge to form larger rivers as they flow downhill towards areas of lower elevation. They perform erosion by processes such as attrition, corrasion, hydraulic action, and chemical solution, and transport sediment through dissolution, suspension, and along the stream bed. A stream's competence and capacity determine the size of materials it can carry. Channel morphology depends on factors like gradient and sediment load, resulting in narrow channels in steep upper reaches and wider braided or meandering patterns downstream. Within channels, features like bars, point bars, and floodplains form through sediment deposition during times of changing flow.
39124452 geomorphology -_landforms_of_fluvial_erosion
1) Waterfalls form in the upper course of a river where the river bed slopes steeply. Features of waterfalls include steep drops in elevation, strong currents, and an inability to move upstream.
2) Rapids form where river flow is swift and turbulent. Repeated erosion by swift water has produced rounded river stones and rocks.
3) Meanders form in the middle and lower courses where the river bed slopes more gently. Meanders migrate downstream over time through cutoffs, eventually leaving oxbow lakes behind.
Deltas- types, formation, case studies
Deltas are landforms formed at river mouths where sediment is deposited as the river enters a sea or lake. They are fan-shaped areas that can span hundreds of kilometers. The Indus River Delta in Pakistan covers 40,000 square kilometers and has a complex network of distributaries. Deltas form as rivers slow down at their mouths, causing sediment to flocculate and settle, building up over time. Different types of deltas include bird's foot, arcuate, and cuspate shapes, depending on factors like tidal influence. Deltas provide fertile land and resources but are also at high risk of flooding and channel migration due to their unstable sediments.
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Drainage System of India
The document discusses river drainage systems in India. It explains that a river system includes a main river and its tributaries, and the area drained by a river and its tributaries is called a drainage basin. Some of the largest drainage basins in the world include the Ganges River basin in India, the Nile River basin in Africa, and the Amazon River basin in South America. It also describes the three stages in a river's journey - the youthful stage involving vertical erosion, the mature stage involving lateral erosion and landforms like meanders, and the older stage where a river flows slowly and mainly involves deposition of silt and sand to form landforms like deltas.
Rivers by Dmitry Charkviani 3.01
Rivers form from rainwater flowing over land and collecting in streams. They flow from high elevations down to oceans, lakes or other bodies of water. Rivers have common structures like watersheds, basins, tributaries and channels. The largest rivers include the Nile, Amazon and Mississippi. Rivers experience flooding when water exceeds capacity. Dams help control flooding but are also used for water collection and power generation. Bridges allow crossing rivers. Life like bears and beavers inhabit rivers, which support surrounding plant growth. Flow rates are measured in cubic meters per second.
Fluvial Process And Related Land Forms
The document discusses fluvial processes and landforms. It describes various types of erosion caused by water including surface erosion through splash and sheet erosion, and channel erosion through rills, gullies, and streams. It also discusses drainage basins and patterns, explaining how drainage patterns are influenced by geology and reflect the arrangement of river courses. Various landforms resulting from fluvial processes are also mentioned.
Types of Rivers
The drainage pattern shown is dendritic. A dendritic drainage pattern occurs in regions where the underlying rock is uniform in its resistance to erosion. It resembles the branching pattern of a tree, with many small tributaries that join together into larger streams and rivers, eventually converging to a single outlet. The branching tributaries meet the main rivers at acute angles. This type of drainage pattern suggests an underlying topography that has a uniform resistance to erosion, allowing the drainage network to develop evenly in all directions without being controlled by the geology.
River bank erosion in bangladesh
This document discusses river bank erosion in Bangladesh. It notes that Bangladesh has over 250 rivers that are prone to bank erosion during monsoons due to high water flows. The primary causes of erosion are the flat landscape offering little resistance to water forces, rivers entering mature stages where they meander and change course frequently, and large sediment loads that cause flooding and erosion. Erosion negatively impacts communities through loss of land and housing, economic impacts from lost agriculture land, and health impacts. The document outlines measures to reduce erosion including hard structures, increasing flow areas, planting vegetation, and using wood pilings.
Rivers presentation
Rivers and streams begin as small tributaries that merge to form larger rivers as they flow downhill towards areas of lower elevation. They perform erosion by processes such as attrition, corrasion, hydraulic action, and chemical solution, and transport sediment through dissolution, suspension, and along the stream bed. A stream's competence and capacity determine the size of materials it can carry. Channel morphology depends on factors like gradient and sediment load, resulting in narrow channels in steep upper reaches and wider braided or meandering patterns downstream. Within channels, features like bars, point bars, and floodplains form through sediment deposition during times of changing flow.
39124452 geomorphology -_landforms_of_fluvial_erosion
1) Waterfalls form in the upper course of a river where the river bed slopes steeply. Features of waterfalls include steep drops in elevation, strong currents, and an inability to move upstream.
2) Rapids form where river flow is swift and turbulent. Repeated erosion by swift water has produced rounded river stones and rocks.
3) Meanders form in the middle and lower courses where the river bed slopes more gently. Meanders migrate downstream over time through cutoffs, eventually leaving oxbow lakes behind.
Deltas- types, formation, case studies
Deltas are landforms formed at river mouths where sediment is deposited as the river enters a sea or lake. They are fan-shaped areas that can span hundreds of kilometers. The Indus River Delta in Pakistan covers 40,000 square kilometers and has a complex network of distributaries. Deltas form as rivers slow down at their mouths, causing sediment to flocculate and settle, building up over time. Different types of deltas include bird's foot, arcuate, and cuspate shapes, depending on factors like tidal influence. Deltas provide fertile land and resources but are also at high risk of flooding and channel migration due to their unstable sediments.
Depositional landforms
Floodplains form along river banks when flooding deposits sediment. Levees are natural embankments of coarser sediment deposited along river banks during floods. Braided rivers divide into small streams separated by islands of deposited gravel and sand within the channel. Deltas are flat lands formed of sediments deposited at river mouths, with distributaries transporting sediment into the sea.
River Presentation
The document discusses river processes and landforms created by erosion, transportation, and deposition of sediment. Key points include:
- Rivers erode, transport, and deposit sediment through various processes including saltation, traction, suspension, and solution that create landforms such as potholes, rapids, waterfalls, deltas, and floodplains.
- The Hjulstrom curve shows the relationship between sediment size, erosion thresholds, and transportation/deposition based on water velocity.
- Meandering rivers create oxbow lakes through lateral erosion and cut-offs of meander loops over time.
Meander Formation
Meanders form through the process of helicoidal flow. At bends in the river, centripetal force throws water towards the outer bank, eroding and undercutting it. Slower flow on the inside of bends leads to deposition and the formation of point bars. Helicoidal flow causes eroded material to be deposited downstream in the next meander loop, furthering the meandering shape over time as the river seeks the most efficient path.
Features formed by a river
The document discusses features formed by rivers in different parts of their courses. It describes how waterfalls are formed in the upper course when a harder rock overlays a softer rock, causing the softer rock to erode away and form a ledge and plunge pool. In the middle course, features like meanders and slip-off slopes can form as the river energy decreases and causes deposition along banks into bends.
alluvial soil
An alluvial river is a river whose channel and banks are composed of erodible soil and sediment materials. The shape and form of an alluvial river channel is determined by the river's natural processes of erosion, sediment transport, and deposition over time. Alluvial rivers can freely adjust their section, pattern, and profile in response to changes in water flow and sediment conditions. In contrast, non-alluvial channels are confined by bedrock or other rigid materials and cannot freely change their form.
River
The document summarizes key aspects of river systems, including the hydrologic cycle, stream characteristics, erosion and deposition processes, landforms created in the upper, middle, and lower courses of rivers, and human impacts on rivers. It describes evaporation and precipitation cycles, stream velocity and types, erosion by abrasion and hydraulic action, transportation methods, meander formation, floodplain and levee development, and delta building where rivers enter seas. Finally, it discusses human reliance on and interference with rivers through activities like transportation, agriculture, power generation, and pollution.
Delta formation
The document discusses different types of river deltas, which are areas of sediment deposited at river mouths where flowing water enters a slower body of water. Deltas form when the river's sediment load deposition rate exceeds the erosion rate in areas where rivers discharge into seas or lakes with little wave action. Common delta types include arcuate deltas with rounded edges, cuspate deltas resembling teeth, and bird's foot deltas with many branching sediment-bounded channels fanning out.
River 3 delta meander impacts
The document describes the formation of deltas. As a river reaches the sea, it deposits sediments, building up the river mouth and causing the river to split into distributaries. Over time, accumulated sediments rise above the water level, forming a delta where the river meets the sea. The document also discusses river meanders, which form as a winding river erodes its outer banks and deposits sediments on its inner banks. Finally, the document notes some positive impacts of rivers in providing water and transportation and some negative impacts as flooding can endanger lives and contaminated water can spread disease.
Types of channel
There are three main types of channels: straight channels found in the upper zone on rock, braided channels in the middle zone on coarse alluvial material with several intersecting channels, and meandering channels in the lower zone on fine alluvial material that regularly change position across the floodplain. The long profile of a river shows it has a concave shape from the steeper upper reach to gentler lower reach, with an ideal graded long profile existing in a state of dynamic equilibrium between erosion and deposition rates.
economic importance of rivers
this ppt lets you know the economic importance of rivers and how pollution is causing their imporatance deduce in the economy.
River
The document provides information about rivers and river systems. It discusses how rivers form drainage networks and transport sediment. The Yukon River is used as a case study of a large river system. It forms a huge delta where it empties into the Bering Sea, carrying vast amounts of eroded sediment from Alaska and Canada. Rivers erode their channels through processes like abrasion and dissolve materials. They transport sediment through processes like saltation and as dissolved load. The shape of a river's drainage basin and the number of tributaries influences how rapidly the river responds to precipitation events.
Fluvial processes and landforms
Flowing water has the ability to dissolve the soluble mineral substances available on its way. The processes enacted by streams are called as fluvial processes. The word “fluvius” is derived from the latin word meaning “ river”. The world fluvial is used to denote the running water as streams or rivers. Fluvial processes entail the erosion, transportation, and deposition of earth materials by running water. Fluvial processes and fluvial landforms dominate land surfaces the world over, as opposed to the limited effects of glacial, coastal, and wind processes.
Delta’s
Deltas form where rivers enter standing bodies of water and experience a drop in velocity, causing sediment deposition. Sediment is deposited in three layers - topset beds of larger particles, foreset beds of medium particles, and bottomset beds of finest particles. Delta shapes include arcuate, birds foot, and cuspate. The Nile Delta is an example of an arcuate delta with its curving shoreline. The Mississippi Delta resembles a birds foot with distributary fingers. The Ebro River Delta in Spain has a cuspate, tooth-like shape from opposing currents.
Kosi the sorrow of bihar
The Kosi River flows from the northern slopes of the Himalayas in Tibet through Nepal and into the Indian state of Bihar. It is known as the Sapta Kosi due to its seven major tributaries - the Sun Koshi, Indravati, Bhote Koshi, Dudh Koshi, Arun, Barun, and Tamur Rivers. Between the Sunsari and Saptari districts in Bihar, the Kosi River was embanked in 1958-1962 to control seasonal flooding, but it remains prone to shifting its course and sediment deposition which cause problems like waterlogging. The river has a very high sediment load and frequently shifts its path westward across the fertile lands of its all
5. depositional features
This document discusses the characteristics and formation of three river depositional landforms: levées, flood plains, and estuaries. It includes definitions and descriptions of each landform, as well as explanations of how they are formed through deposition during flooding. The document aims to help students explore and understand these key river features. It provides learning materials like worksheets and questions to aid comprehension.
Fluvial Morphology Handbook
Fluvial Morphology handbook for students.
Contents are: definition, scope, importance of Fluvial Morphology, sediment load, channel pattern and process, role sediment to build delta, Reynolds number, Froude Number, channel pattern of Tista and Jamuna River, causes and consequences of flood, benefit of flood, flood and floodplain, hydraulic geometry, water resource management (in Bangladesh), hydrograph, origin and development of river, tributary and distributary and many more.
River bank erosion in bangladesh
Riverbank erosion is a major natural hazard in Bangladesh that affects millions of people annually. The erosion destroys farmland, homes, and infrastructure as the major rivers like the Jamuna, Ganges, and Padma migrate and change course. Specific areas along these rivers experience erosion rates of up to 1,600 meters per year. The erosion displaces many families and has significant socioeconomic impacts, including loss of livelihoods, debt, unemployment, and the creation of impoverished refugee populations. Whole communities are sometimes forced to relocate multiple times due to the unpredictable shifting of the river channels.
Geography of Africa
The document provides an overview of the geography of Africa. It notes that Africa is the second largest continent, covering around 11.7 million square miles. Key geographical features discussed include the Sahara Desert, which covers about 1/3 of the continent; savannas, which make up 50% of Africa and contain most wildlife; and plateaus, rivers, coastal areas, and the Great Rift Valley, an extensive canyon system hosting many lakes. Major rivers include the Nile, Congo, and Zambezi. The climate varies significantly from tropical in coastal areas to desert in the Sahara.
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Streams shape the land through erosion and deposition via fluvial processes. A stream system typically has three courses - upper, middle, and lower. The upper course has steep valleys and gorges due to erosion. The middle course features meandering streams and floodplains. The lower course is dominated by depositional landforms like deltas. A stream erodes until it reaches its base level, which can be an ocean, lake, or resistant rock layer.
Drainage
The document discusses key features formed by rivers in their upper, middle, and lower courses. In the upper course, waterfalls are formed where harder rock overlays softer rock. As the river erodes the softer rock faster, it forms a curved ledge and plunge pool underneath. Over time, the waterfall retreats upstream as it continues eroding. Gorges are also formed in the upper course through water erosion. In the middle course, rivers form meanders as the gradient decreases, causing the fast water to erode the outside of bends. Slip off slopes also form in the middle course when the river's energy is too low to carry sediment, causing deposition along banks.
Drainge
The document discusses drainage basins and river systems. It defines key terms like drainage basin, which refers to an area drained by a single river system, and water divide, which refers to an elevated area like a mountain that separates two drainage basins. It also describes common drainage patterns like dendritic, trellis, rectangular, and radial that form depending on the terrain and climate. Finally, it provides an overview of India's major river systems, distinguishing between Himalayan rivers like the Ganges and Himalayan rivers versus peninsular rivers like the Godavari and Kaveri.
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Depositional landforms
Floodplains form along river banks when flooding deposits sediment. Levees are natural embankments of coarser sediment deposited along river banks during floods. Braided rivers divide into small streams separated by islands of deposited gravel and sand within the channel. Deltas are flat lands formed of sediments deposited at river mouths, with distributaries transporting sediment into the sea.
River Presentation
The document discusses river processes and landforms created by erosion, transportation, and deposition of sediment. Key points include:
- Rivers erode, transport, and deposit sediment through various processes including saltation, traction, suspension, and solution that create landforms such as potholes, rapids, waterfalls, deltas, and floodplains.
- The Hjulstrom curve shows the relationship between sediment size, erosion thresholds, and transportation/deposition based on water velocity.
- Meandering rivers create oxbow lakes through lateral erosion and cut-offs of meander loops over time.
Meander Formation
Meanders form through the process of helicoidal flow. At bends in the river, centripetal force throws water towards the outer bank, eroding and undercutting it. Slower flow on the inside of bends leads to deposition and the formation of point bars. Helicoidal flow causes eroded material to be deposited downstream in the next meander loop, furthering the meandering shape over time as the river seeks the most efficient path.
Features formed by a river
The document discusses features formed by rivers in different parts of their courses. It describes how waterfalls are formed in the upper course when a harder rock overlays a softer rock, causing the softer rock to erode away and form a ledge and plunge pool. In the middle course, features like meanders and slip-off slopes can form as the river energy decreases and causes deposition along banks into bends.
alluvial soil
An alluvial river is a river whose channel and banks are composed of erodible soil and sediment materials. The shape and form of an alluvial river channel is determined by the river's natural processes of erosion, sediment transport, and deposition over time. Alluvial rivers can freely adjust their section, pattern, and profile in response to changes in water flow and sediment conditions. In contrast, non-alluvial channels are confined by bedrock or other rigid materials and cannot freely change their form.
River
The document summarizes key aspects of river systems, including the hydrologic cycle, stream characteristics, erosion and deposition processes, landforms created in the upper, middle, and lower courses of rivers, and human impacts on rivers. It describes evaporation and precipitation cycles, stream velocity and types, erosion by abrasion and hydraulic action, transportation methods, meander formation, floodplain and levee development, and delta building where rivers enter seas. Finally, it discusses human reliance on and interference with rivers through activities like transportation, agriculture, power generation, and pollution.
Delta formation
The document discusses different types of river deltas, which are areas of sediment deposited at river mouths where flowing water enters a slower body of water. Deltas form when the river's sediment load deposition rate exceeds the erosion rate in areas where rivers discharge into seas or lakes with little wave action. Common delta types include arcuate deltas with rounded edges, cuspate deltas resembling teeth, and bird's foot deltas with many branching sediment-bounded channels fanning out.
River 3 delta meander impacts
The document describes the formation of deltas. As a river reaches the sea, it deposits sediments, building up the river mouth and causing the river to split into distributaries. Over time, accumulated sediments rise above the water level, forming a delta where the river meets the sea. The document also discusses river meanders, which form as a winding river erodes its outer banks and deposits sediments on its inner banks. Finally, the document notes some positive impacts of rivers in providing water and transportation and some negative impacts as flooding can endanger lives and contaminated water can spread disease.
Types of channel
There are three main types of channels: straight channels found in the upper zone on rock, braided channels in the middle zone on coarse alluvial material with several intersecting channels, and meandering channels in the lower zone on fine alluvial material that regularly change position across the floodplain. The long profile of a river shows it has a concave shape from the steeper upper reach to gentler lower reach, with an ideal graded long profile existing in a state of dynamic equilibrium between erosion and deposition rates.
economic importance of rivers
this ppt lets you know the economic importance of rivers and how pollution is causing their imporatance deduce in the economy.
River
The document provides information about rivers and river systems. It discusses how rivers form drainage networks and transport sediment. The Yukon River is used as a case study of a large river system. It forms a huge delta where it empties into the Bering Sea, carrying vast amounts of eroded sediment from Alaska and Canada. Rivers erode their channels through processes like abrasion and dissolve materials. They transport sediment through processes like saltation and as dissolved load. The shape of a river's drainage basin and the number of tributaries influences how rapidly the river responds to precipitation events.
Fluvial processes and landforms
Flowing water has the ability to dissolve the soluble mineral substances available on its way. The processes enacted by streams are called as fluvial processes. The word “fluvius” is derived from the latin word meaning “ river”. The world fluvial is used to denote the running water as streams or rivers. Fluvial processes entail the erosion, transportation, and deposition of earth materials by running water. Fluvial processes and fluvial landforms dominate land surfaces the world over, as opposed to the limited effects of glacial, coastal, and wind processes.
Delta’s
Deltas form where rivers enter standing bodies of water and experience a drop in velocity, causing sediment deposition. Sediment is deposited in three layers - topset beds of larger particles, foreset beds of medium particles, and bottomset beds of finest particles. Delta shapes include arcuate, birds foot, and cuspate. The Nile Delta is an example of an arcuate delta with its curving shoreline. The Mississippi Delta resembles a birds foot with distributary fingers. The Ebro River Delta in Spain has a cuspate, tooth-like shape from opposing currents.
Kosi the sorrow of bihar
The Kosi River flows from the northern slopes of the Himalayas in Tibet through Nepal and into the Indian state of Bihar. It is known as the Sapta Kosi due to its seven major tributaries - the Sun Koshi, Indravati, Bhote Koshi, Dudh Koshi, Arun, Barun, and Tamur Rivers. Between the Sunsari and Saptari districts in Bihar, the Kosi River was embanked in 1958-1962 to control seasonal flooding, but it remains prone to shifting its course and sediment deposition which cause problems like waterlogging. The river has a very high sediment load and frequently shifts its path westward across the fertile lands of its all
5. depositional features
This document discusses the characteristics and formation of three river depositional landforms: levées, flood plains, and estuaries. It includes definitions and descriptions of each landform, as well as explanations of how they are formed through deposition during flooding. The document aims to help students explore and understand these key river features. It provides learning materials like worksheets and questions to aid comprehension.
Fluvial Morphology Handbook
Fluvial Morphology handbook for students.
Contents are: definition, scope, importance of Fluvial Morphology, sediment load, channel pattern and process, role sediment to build delta, Reynolds number, Froude Number, channel pattern of Tista and Jamuna River, causes and consequences of flood, benefit of flood, flood and floodplain, hydraulic geometry, water resource management (in Bangladesh), hydrograph, origin and development of river, tributary and distributary and many more.
River bank erosion in bangladesh
Riverbank erosion is a major natural hazard in Bangladesh that affects millions of people annually. The erosion destroys farmland, homes, and infrastructure as the major rivers like the Jamuna, Ganges, and Padma migrate and change course. Specific areas along these rivers experience erosion rates of up to 1,600 meters per year. The erosion displaces many families and has significant socioeconomic impacts, including loss of livelihoods, debt, unemployment, and the creation of impoverished refugee populations. Whole communities are sometimes forced to relocate multiple times due to the unpredictable shifting of the river channels.
Geography of Africa
The document provides an overview of the geography of Africa. It notes that Africa is the second largest continent, covering around 11.7 million square miles. Key geographical features discussed include the Sahara Desert, which covers about 1/3 of the continent; savannas, which make up 50% of Africa and contain most wildlife; and plateaus, rivers, coastal areas, and the Great Rift Valley, an extensive canyon system hosting many lakes. Major rivers include the Nile, Congo, and Zambezi. The climate varies significantly from tropical in coastal areas to desert in the Sahara.
Fluvial processes and_land_forms
Streams shape the land through erosion and deposition via fluvial processes. A stream system typically has three courses - upper, middle, and lower. The upper course has steep valleys and gorges due to erosion. The middle course features meandering streams and floodplains. The lower course is dominated by depositional landforms like deltas. A stream erodes until it reaches its base level, which can be an ocean, lake, or resistant rock layer.
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Similar to Drainage 9th class
Drainage
The document discusses key features formed by rivers in their upper, middle, and lower courses. In the upper course, waterfalls are formed where harder rock overlays softer rock. As the river erodes the softer rock faster, it forms a curved ledge and plunge pool underneath. Over time, the waterfall retreats upstream as it continues eroding. Gorges are also formed in the upper course through water erosion. In the middle course, rivers form meanders as the gradient decreases, causing the fast water to erode the outside of bends. Slip off slopes also form in the middle course when the river's energy is too low to carry sediment, causing deposition along banks.
Drainge
The document discusses drainage basins and river systems. It defines key terms like drainage basin, which refers to an area drained by a single river system, and water divide, which refers to an elevated area like a mountain that separates two drainage basins. It also describes common drainage patterns like dendritic, trellis, rectangular, and radial that form depending on the terrain and climate. Finally, it provides an overview of India's major river systems, distinguishing between Himalayan rivers like the Ganges and Himalayan rivers versus peninsular rivers like the Godavari and Kaveri.
Riversclimateandvegetation25thgrade 140407132601-phpapp02
Rivers flow from mountains to seas or other bodies of water. A river's course is the route it takes from its source to its mouth. In the middle course, rivers form curves called meanderings. A river's flow is the amount of water it carries, which varies based on precipitation. Flow regime refers to whether the flow pattern is regular or irregular throughout the year. Watersheds are areas drained by rivers flowing into the same sea. Spain's rivers belong to three watersheds - Cantabrian, Mediterranean, and Atlantic.
DRAINAGE.pptx
CONTENTS
1) A drainage
basin is an extent
or area of land
where water from
rain and melting
snow or ice drain
s downhill into a
body of water.
2) Each drainage
basin is separated
topographically
from adjacent
basins by a
geographical
barrier such as a
ridge, hill or mou
ntain, which is
known as a water
divide.
3)There are four types of drainage patterns:-
➢ Dendritic
➢ Rectangular
➢ Radial
➢ Trellis
4)The drainage systems of India are mainly controlled
by the broad relief features of the subcontinent.
Accordingly, the Indian rivers are divided into two
major groups.
5) The activities of Ganga Action Plan (GAP) phase-I, initiated in
1985, were declared closed on 31st March 2000. The Steering
Committee of the National River Conservation Authority
reviewed the progress of the GAP and necessary correction on
the basis of lessons learnt and experiences gained from GAP
Phase-I. These have been applied to the major polluted rivers of
the country under the NRCP. The Ganga Action Plan (GAP)
Phase-II, has been merged with the NRCP. The expanded NRCP
now covers 152 towns located along 27 interstate rivers in 16
states. Under this action plan, pollution abatement works are
being taken up in 57 towns. A total of 215 schemes of pollution
abatement have been sanctioned. So far, 69 schemes have been
completed under this action plan. A million litres of sewage is
targeted to be intercepted, diverted and treated.
6) Rivers have been of fundamental importance
throughout the human history. Water from the
rivers is a basic natural resource, essential for
various human activities. Therefore, the river
banks have attracted settlers from ancient times.
These settlements have now become big cities.
Make a list of cities in your state which are located
on the bank of a river. Using rivers for irrigation,
navigation, hydro-power generation is of special
significance – particularly to a country like India,
where agriculture is the major source of livelihood
of the majority of its population.
7) The growing domestic, municipal, industrial and agricultural
demand for water from rivers naturally affects the quality of
water. As a result, more and more water is being drained out
of the rivers reducing their volume. On the other hand, a
heavy load of untreated sewage and industrial effluents are
emptied into the rivers. This affects not only the quality of
water but also the self-cleansing capacity of the river. For
example, given the adequate streamflow, the Ganga water is
able to dilute and assimilate pollution loads within 20 km of
large cities. But the increasing urbanisation and
industrialisation do not allow it to happen and the pollution
level of many rivers has been rising. Concern over rising
pollution in our rivers led to the launching of various action
plans to clean the rivers.
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Sst drainage by Anshuman
1) The major Himalayan rivers are the Indus, Ganga, and Brahmaputra rivers and their tributaries form large river systems across northern India.
2) The Indus originates in Tibet and flows through India via Jammu and Kashmir, joined by tributaries like the Zaskar and Shyok.
3) The Ganga is joined by major tributaries like the Yamuna, Ghaghara, and Gandak rivers. The Bhagirathi and Alaknanda form the Ganga at Devprayag.
dranage of india.pptx
The document discusses the drainage systems of India. It describes the two major groups of rivers in India - the Himalayan rivers and the Peninsular rivers. The Himalayan rivers originate in the Himalayas and include the Indus, Ganges, and Brahmaputra rivers. They tend to be longer and receive water from rain and snowmelt. The Peninsular rivers are mostly seasonal and have shorter courses, originating within India. Some examples given are the Godavari, Mahanadi, and Krishna rivers. The document also discusses the different drainage patterns seen in river basins.
drainage
This document provides information about the drainage system and major rivers of India. It discusses the two main types of rivers - the Himalayan rivers and the peninsular rivers. For the Himalayan rivers, it summarizes the key details about the three major rivers: the Indus, Ganga, and Brahmaputra. It describes their sources, tributaries, and courses through India and neighboring countries. It also briefly outlines some of the major peninsular rivers like the Narmada, Godavari, Mahanadi, Krishna, and Kaveri.
Drainage class 9
The document discusses drainage patterns and river systems in India. It describes the major drainage basins including the Ganga, Indus, Brahmaputra, peninsular rivers like Godavari and Mahanadi. The Himalayan rivers are perennial with large basins while peninsular rivers are seasonal with smaller basins. River systems are important for irrigation, hydroelectricity, navigation and more. However, pollution threatens river health and habitats.
Uses of Rivers
The document discusses rivers and the hydrological cycle. It begins by explaining how rivers are an important resource for drinking water, transport, electricity and more. It then describes the three main processes by which rivers shape the land - erosion, transportation, and deposition. Erosion involves wearing away river banks and breaking down rock particles. As rivers transport sediment downstream, larger rocks can be moved in higher energy areas near the source, while finer particles are deposited where energy is lowest at the mouth. The document outlines the typical features of the upper, middle and lower courses of a river as its energy decreases downstream.
Drainage System CLASS XI PPT
CBSE CLASS XI CHAPTER DESIGNED INDIA DRAINAGE
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Drainange
The document summarizes different types of drainage systems including dendritic, trellis, rectangular, and radial. It then discusses key features of Himalayan and peninsular rivers in India. Specific details are provided about the Indus, Ganga, and Brahmaputra river systems as well as some major peninsular rivers like Godavari, Mahanadi, Krishna, and Kaveri. Finally, it touches on estuaries, deltas, and lakes in India as well as the importance and pollution of rivers.
1258766 634577170996418750
The document discusses several major rivers in India, including the Himalayan rivers of the Indus, Ganges, and Brahmaputra as well as some key peninsular rivers. It provides details on the sources and courses of these rivers, mentions important tributaries, and in some cases discusses cultural or mythological aspects associated with the rivers. Drainage patterns across India are also influenced by geographic features like the Western Ghats mountain range.
Peninsular rivers
The document discusses several major rivers in India, including the Himalayan rivers of the Indus, Ganges, and Brahmaputra as well as some peninsular rivers. It provides details on the sources and courses of these rivers, describes some key geographical features like drainage basins and patterns, and mentions some cultural and mythological aspects associated with the rivers.
Drainage
The document discusses several major rivers in India, including the Himalayan rivers of the Indus, Ganges, and Brahmaputra as well as some peninsular rivers. It provides details on the sources and courses of these rivers, describes some key geographical features like drainage basins and patterns, and mentions some cultural and mythological aspects associated with the rivers.
himalayan rivers
The document discusses the drainage systems and major rivers of India. It describes how the Indian subcontinent is divided into two drainage systems - the Himalayan rivers and the Peninsular rivers. It provides details on the three major Himalayan rivers: the Indus, Ganges, and Brahmaputra. It discusses the source, course, tributaries and mythology around these rivers. It also summarizes the drainage patterns of Peninsular India formed by the Western Ghats and describes some key Peninsular rivers like the Narmada and Tapi.
Drainage
The document discusses several major rivers in India, including the Himalayan rivers of the Indus, Ganges, and Brahmaputra as well as some peninsular rivers. It provides details on the sources and courses of these rivers, describes some key geographical features like drainage basins and patterns, and mentions some cultural and mythological aspects associated with the rivers.
Drainage
The document discusses several major rivers in India, including the Himalayan rivers of the Indus, Ganges, and Brahmaputra as well as some key peninsular rivers. It provides details on the sources and courses of these rivers, mentions important tributaries, and in some cases discusses cultural or mythological aspects associated with the rivers. Drainage patterns across India are also influenced by geographic features like the Western Ghats mountain range.
River and landforms by rivers
This document discusses river landforms and processes. It begins by defining a river and explaining fluvial processes. It then discusses key aspects of river systems such as tributaries, floodplains, and meanders. Different drainage patterns like dendritic, parallel and trellis are described. The document also covers stream discharge, perennial and non-perennial streams, erosion types, sediment load and transportation methods. Finally, it summarizes the landforms created by upper, middle and lower course rivers such as V-shaped valleys, waterfalls, meanders, ox-bow lakes and deltas.
Rivers and Lakes by Ryan Calleja, 3.01
Rivers and lakes are formed by water from rainfall. Rivers flow within channels that are confined by river beds and banks, and they begin at a source high in the mountains. Tributaries flow into the main river and the river empties into a sea or lake at its mouth. A river basin is the area of land that collects rainwater and drains into a river or lake through a network of tributaries. Lakes provide fresh water for drinking and can generate hydroelectric power by harnessing the energy of flowing water.
Rivers are more_than_water
Rivers progress through three stages - youth, maturity, and old age - which are characterized by different erosion and deposition processes. In youth, the river erodes land rapidly as it flows quickly from high elevations. During maturity, the river begins to erode sideways, forming meanders. In old age, the river flows slowly at ground level and deposits its sediment load, forming lakes separate from the channel. Rivers shape landscapes through these processes and interact with human activities like transportation, recreation, and tourism.
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Globalization has impacted Indian agriculture in several ways. When European traders first came to India, they exported black pepper and spices. During British rule, India became a major exporter of raw materials like cotton. However, in the modern context, Indian farmers struggle to compete with Western farmers who receive large subsidies. As a result, demand for Indian agricultural goods is low internationally. Additionally, overuse of fertilizers and irrigation has caused farm production levels to fall in India. Experts suggest organic farming as a solution to increase production given India's large population dependent on limited farm land.
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Drainage 9th class
- 1. Class 9th Chapter No 3 Drainge System of India
- 2. Any Natural Stream Of water That flows in a channel with defined banks, The river join by other streams are generally called Tributaries. The River along with all its tributaries from the River system..
- 3. How River affects . When a river along with its tributaries drains an area, it affects the area in many ways Vegetation, Agriculture Patterns Human Settlements all can be affected by this.
- 4. Area Drained by river and its tributaries are known as Drainage Basin. Like Missipii in USA, the Nile in Africa, The Congo Drainage basin in Africa. The Amazon Basin. In India Ganga River forms the largest drainage Basin. These drainage basin go through various changes with the course of time due to some geological events. Like the formations of Water Divide,. Water divide an elevated area which separates two drainage basins.
- 5. Rivers The Life giving gift of nature to humans. Rivers usually flow from a place that is relatively higher altitude to a place having a lower altitude . The Journery of river having 3 stage
- 6. The Youthful Stage The Youthful Stage is dominated by vertical erosion. Mostly erosion landforms are crated in this stage. E.g Gorges, valley and Waterfall are formed in this stage. The River carries huge amount of sand and silt in this stage.
- 7. Mature Stage or Middle Course. IN This stage the stage of river flow is reduced in this stage the in the youthful stage. Lateral erosion dominates the mature stage and can be observed on the sides of the river. Some erosional and depositional landforms can be observed in this stage e.g Oxbow lakes, meanders, flood plains are common land forms in this stage.
- 8. Older Stage or Lower Course. In this Stage the river flows very slowly and calmly. Mainly deposition is observed in this stage. The Huge amount of sand and silt carried by the rivers from the upper course is deposited in this stage. Most of the landform we found in this stage are depositional landforms and deltas.
- 9. Older Stage or Lower Course. In this Stage the river flows very slowly and calmly. Mainly deposition is observed in this stage. The Huge amount of sand and silt carried by the rivers from the upper course is deposited in this stage. Most of the landform we found in this stage are depositional landforms and deltas.
- 10. INDIAN RIVER SYSTEM Indian River System can be broadly categorized into
- 11. INDIAN RIVER SYSTEM Himalayan Rivers Peninsular Rivers Himalayan Rivers Originates from the Himalayas Peninsular Rivers Originates from the Deccan Plateau Most of the Himalayan Rivers are very long Most of the Peninsular Rivers are shorter Himalayan Rivers are Perennial Peninsular rivers dry up during summer months Himalayan rivers have a much larger basins Peninsular rivers have a smaller basins
- 12. Indus River System It is one of the longest rivers in the world and one of the important River system in the world. This river was home to one of the oldest civilization in the world The Harappan civilization. That has a history of more then 4500 years.
- 13. The Indus River system begin journey near Mansarovar lake in Tibet in China the people identify the river as Sange khumbad or lion mouth.
- 14. From Tibet it flows towards west the enter India through Ladakh, there are some exquisite site of the Gorge made by the Indus river along its course in this region
- 15. The Zanskar , The Nubra The Hunza and the Shayok are some of its tributaries that join the Indus river from here the Indus river flows through the region of Baltistan and Gilgit a region in Paksitan.
- 16. Some other tributaries that Joins Indus are the Satluj ,The Beas, The Ravi, The Chenab, and the Jehlum all of them join together to enter the river near in the city Mithonkot situated in Pakistan the river then flows south and drains into the Arabian sea.
- 17. This journey spanning at about 2900 Kms. One third of the river located in India and rest in Pakistan, so this is the journey of the river Indus that starts from Tibet and end in Arabian sea.
- 18. The river has been also a source of conflict between India and Pakistan as there were shared by both the countries there has been some disagreement between the two countries about how to get how much water so to solve this issue the Indus river water treaty as sign Ed in 1960 known as Indus water treaty 1960 that really gives the water of the Western river that is in the Jhelum and the janab to Pakistan and those of the east river the Ravi beas and Sutlej to India consequently India can use 20% of the total water of Indus River system and use this river in the irrigation work in Punjab Haryana and Rajasthan