Dr William Barnes MbchB Bsc FACNEM 2010
Iodine is essential for normal thyroid function. There is a growing incidence of iodine deficiency in the general population. This can lead to loss of cognitive function in children and thyroid disease in adults.
Pregnant women are at a higher risk of iodine deficiency, because they excrete more iodine and have a higher demand for thyroid enzymes both for themselves and the fetus.
There is an association between thyroid disease and breast disorders.
Supplementation is recommended when the daily intake of iodine is less than 100 mcg / day.
A great presentation with regards to #iodine and #iodinedeficiency. Did you know that iodine is essential for many bod systems for optimal function and #health not just your #thyriod. Testing iodine levels is one of the basic tests I use in my clinic.
Iodine is an essential mineral needed for normal thyroid function and metabolism. It is found in iodized salt, seafood, dairy, and foods grown in iodine-rich soil. Lack of iodine can cause goiter or hypothyroidism. Two studies in the early 1900s showed that supplementing with iodine reduced goiter rates. While iodized salt provides some iodine, it may not meet daily needs, and iodine levels in the US have dropped 50% in recent decades. Bromine in some foods can interfere with iodine uptake as well. Urine tests can check iodine status.
This document summarizes an upcoming medical conference on iodine supplementation. It discusses the history of iodine use, current iodine deficiency issues, and conditions that may be helped by iodine. Key points include that an estimated 95% of individuals are iodine deficient; bromine competes with iodine uptake; and iodine may help conditions like fibrocystic breast disease, thyroid disorders, and detoxification.
This document provides information on protein energy malnutrition (PEM), including:
- PEM refers to a range of pathological conditions arising from coincidental lack of proteins and calories, most frequently affecting infants and young children.
- Assessment of nutritional status can be done through dietary, clinical, anthropometric, biochemical, morphological, radiological, and epidemiological evaluations.
- PEM is caused by a combination of inadequate dietary intake and illness/infection, and is a major public health problem in developing countries, contributing to over half of deaths in children under 5 years old.
Iodine is essential for thyroid hormone production and is obtained through foods like seaweed and seafood or iodized salt. Iodine deficiency can cause goiter and irreversible intellectual and growth impairments while excess iodine can inhibit the thyroid. Various indicators are used to assess iodine status including urinary iodine and thyroid size. Iodine interacts with medications for hyperthyroidism and high blood pressure and deficiencies in selenium or vitamins A, E, zinc and iron can exacerbate effects of iodine deficiency.
Protein Energy Malnutrition Protein Calorie MalnutritionMOHIBMISHWANI
protein energy malnutrition protein calorie malnutrition.
nutrition,malnutrition,protein malnutrition,function of protein in human body,types of protein,classification of proteins,sources of protein, meat fish and chicken are good sources, simple protein complex proteins
Iodine is an essential trace element needed by the body in small amounts. It is a component of thyroid hormones which regulate metabolism and body temperature. Adequate iodine intake is especially important during pregnancy and breastfeeding as it is crucial for fetal development and prevents neurological issues. Pregnant and lactating women are recommended to intake 150 mcg of iodine daily to support development during the first few months of pregnancy. A deficiency in iodine can cause hypothyroidism, goiter, and cretinism.
This document summarizes a presentation on anemia in women given at the Upper Egypt Congress of Clinical Nutrition. The presentation covered:
1) Prevalence of anemia globally and in Egypt, especially in women and children, noting it remains high.
2) Targets for reducing anemia prevalence by 2025 under the global nutrition plan and challenges in achieving these targets.
3) Complications of anemia, especially related to pregnancy outcomes.
4) Modern approaches to diagnosis, prevention and treatment of iron deficiency anemia, including iron supplementation and new formulations to improve compliance and reduce side effects.
A great presentation with regards to #iodine and #iodinedeficiency. Did you know that iodine is essential for many bod systems for optimal function and #health not just your #thyriod. Testing iodine levels is one of the basic tests I use in my clinic.
Iodine is an essential mineral needed for normal thyroid function and metabolism. It is found in iodized salt, seafood, dairy, and foods grown in iodine-rich soil. Lack of iodine can cause goiter or hypothyroidism. Two studies in the early 1900s showed that supplementing with iodine reduced goiter rates. While iodized salt provides some iodine, it may not meet daily needs, and iodine levels in the US have dropped 50% in recent decades. Bromine in some foods can interfere with iodine uptake as well. Urine tests can check iodine status.
This document summarizes an upcoming medical conference on iodine supplementation. It discusses the history of iodine use, current iodine deficiency issues, and conditions that may be helped by iodine. Key points include that an estimated 95% of individuals are iodine deficient; bromine competes with iodine uptake; and iodine may help conditions like fibrocystic breast disease, thyroid disorders, and detoxification.
This document provides information on protein energy malnutrition (PEM), including:
- PEM refers to a range of pathological conditions arising from coincidental lack of proteins and calories, most frequently affecting infants and young children.
- Assessment of nutritional status can be done through dietary, clinical, anthropometric, biochemical, morphological, radiological, and epidemiological evaluations.
- PEM is caused by a combination of inadequate dietary intake and illness/infection, and is a major public health problem in developing countries, contributing to over half of deaths in children under 5 years old.
Iodine is essential for thyroid hormone production and is obtained through foods like seaweed and seafood or iodized salt. Iodine deficiency can cause goiter and irreversible intellectual and growth impairments while excess iodine can inhibit the thyroid. Various indicators are used to assess iodine status including urinary iodine and thyroid size. Iodine interacts with medications for hyperthyroidism and high blood pressure and deficiencies in selenium or vitamins A, E, zinc and iron can exacerbate effects of iodine deficiency.
Protein Energy Malnutrition Protein Calorie MalnutritionMOHIBMISHWANI
protein energy malnutrition protein calorie malnutrition.
nutrition,malnutrition,protein malnutrition,function of protein in human body,types of protein,classification of proteins,sources of protein, meat fish and chicken are good sources, simple protein complex proteins
Iodine is an essential trace element needed by the body in small amounts. It is a component of thyroid hormones which regulate metabolism and body temperature. Adequate iodine intake is especially important during pregnancy and breastfeeding as it is crucial for fetal development and prevents neurological issues. Pregnant and lactating women are recommended to intake 150 mcg of iodine daily to support development during the first few months of pregnancy. A deficiency in iodine can cause hypothyroidism, goiter, and cretinism.
This document summarizes a presentation on anemia in women given at the Upper Egypt Congress of Clinical Nutrition. The presentation covered:
1) Prevalence of anemia globally and in Egypt, especially in women and children, noting it remains high.
2) Targets for reducing anemia prevalence by 2025 under the global nutrition plan and challenges in achieving these targets.
3) Complications of anemia, especially related to pregnancy outcomes.
4) Modern approaches to diagnosis, prevention and treatment of iron deficiency anemia, including iron supplementation and new formulations to improve compliance and reduce side effects.
Nutritional anemia -Dr JP Singh, Dept, of community medicine, SRMS IMS BareillyJp Singh
This document discusses nutritional anemia, defining it as a disease caused by malnutrition resulting in low hemoglobin levels. It outlines the main types of nutritional anemia including deficiencies in iron, folate, vitamin B12, and protein. The document provides details on the prevalence, causes, signs, symptoms and treatments of different forms of nutritional anemia with a focus on iron deficiency anemia. It discusses nutritional anemia prevention programs in India that provide iron and folic acid supplementation targeted at pregnant women, lactating women, and children aged 1-12 years.
Iodine is a mineral needed to produce thyroid hormones which regulate metabolism. It is found in fish, dairy, and seafood. During pregnancy, adequate iodine is important for the baby's brain development. The document outlines iodine recommendations, sources, risks of too little or too much, and notes some populations may need supplements to meet higher pregnancy needs.
Iodine deficiency is a common disorders in developing like Bangladesh. It affects both maternal and child heath. Dietary intake of iodine is necessary to avoid such disorders.
A presentation on Iodine deficiency disorder for women & children in developing country
Kwashiorkor is a type of protein-energy malnutrition that commonly affects children between 1-5 years old in third world countries where diets are high in carbohydrates but lack sufficient protein. It develops when a child is weaned off breast milk and given a protein-deficient diet. Symptoms include stunted growth, edema, hair and skin discoloration, and a protruding belly. Biochemically, it is characterized by low plasma albumin and fatty liver. Treatment focuses on providing the child with a diet rich in proteins to replace what was lost.
Iodine is an important nutrient for brain and thyroid health. Iodine deficiency has become a significant problem in Australia, leading to reduced IQ scores and increased rates of thyroid cancer and developmental delays. Universal salt iodization is recommended as the best strategy to address iodine deficiency, as iodized salt provides effective population coverage and is a cheap and simple solution.
The importance of folic acid in pregnancy plus our special folic acid recipes...Jackie De Burca
Folic acid is incredibly important both at the preconception phase, as well as in early pregnancy. This feature was written for the prestigious Dublin ultrasound clinic, Merrion Fetal Health.
Nutritional Supplements for Overweight Women and Gestational Diabetes Mellitu...Sujoy Dasgupta
This document discusses the formulation and rationale for a nutritional supplement called PRO-PL Lite, which is designed for overweight and obese women during pregnancy.
It begins by providing credentials for the author and presenting survey data showing high rates of overweight, obesity, and gestational diabetes among pregnant women. It then details the formulation for PRO-PL Lite, which is high in protein, fiber, vitamins, minerals, and nutrients thought to help manage gestational diabetes and support healthy pregnancy outcomes like myo-inositol and DHA.
The document explains that overweight and obese pregnant women need adequate nutrition and moderate weight gain. It argues that PRO-PL Lite could help meet nutrient needs, prevent complications of gestational
Protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) is a pathological condition arising from a lack of proteins and calories, most common in infants and young children. It manifests as marasmus, due to calorie deficiency, or kwashiorkor, due to protein deficiency. PEM is a global problem causing childhood mortality and morbidity. Causes include inadequate food intake, infections, and poor hygiene. Treatment involves stabilizing the patient, rebuilding tissues, and preparing for follow-up rehabilitation. Preventive measures encompass promoting breastfeeding, improving family diets, and early diagnosis and treatment of infections.
This document discusses various nutritional problems including undernutrition and overnutrition. It describes different types of undernutrition such as protein-energy malnutrition, low birth weight, vitamin A and iodine deficiencies. Protein-energy malnutrition can manifest as kwashiorkor or marasmus. Overnutrition issues like obesity, skeletal and dental fluorosis are also covered. The prevention and treatment of these various nutritional deficiencies and disorders are outlined.
This document discusses iodine deficiency disorder and endemic goiter. It defines endemic goiter as a type of goiter associated with dietary iodine deficiency, occurring in over 5% of a population. The document outlines iodine needs according to WHO, causes and risk factors of iodine deficiency including low dietary iodine, signs and symptoms like goiter and impaired development, diagnosis including urine iodine levels and thyroid imaging, treatment with iodine supplements or surgery, and prevention through iodized salt and supplements.
Eat and drink two to four servings of dairy products and calcium-rich foods a day. Calcium is found in dairy products, fish with bones (such as sardines and canned salmon), broccoli, and legumes. Aim to get 1,200 milligrams per day. Pump up your iron
Micronutrient deficiencies, also known as hidden hunger, affect millions of children and cause stunted growth, cognitive delays, and weakened immunity. Common deficiencies include iodine, vitamin A, iron, zinc, and calcium/vitamin D/folate during pregnancy. These deficiencies can be addressed through supplementation, food fortification, and biofortification programs. The National Plan of Action on Nutrition Malaysia III aims to reduce micronutrient deficiencies through universal salt iodization, prenatal vitamin distribution, and nutrition education.
Obesity in women by Dr. Sharda Jain presented on 17th August 14 at DMA Cente...Lifecare Centre
This document summarizes a presentation on obesity in women given by Dr. Sharda Jain and others. It discusses the increasing prevalence of obesity in women globally and in India. Unique aspects of medical history taking and physical examination in obese women are covered. The document reviews the medical issues associated with obesity like infertility, pregnancy complications, and increased risk of diseases. Lifestyle changes including diet and exercise as well as pharmacological and surgical options for obesity management are presented. Specific considerations for obesity and infertility treatment and pregnancy are also summarized.
Learn how fertility and obesity is connected and what are the health related risks that can be caused to the both mother and baby. Find a complete fertility solution and stay health.
1. The document discusses pediatric nutrition and nutritional disorders, covering topics like breastfeeding, carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins, and mineral deficiencies.
2. Breastfeeding is ideal for infant feeding, providing immunity and proper nutrition for growth. Exclusive breastfeeding is recommended for 6 months.
3. Common nutritional deficiencies discussed include vitamin A deficiency which can cause night blindness, and rickets caused by vitamin D deficiency which causes bone deformities.
4. Protein-energy malnutrition is also covered, explaining conditions like marasmus and kwashiorkor.
The document outlines a lecture plan on malnutrition (hypotrophy) and protein-energy malnutrition. It begins with definitions of malnutrition and dystrophy. It then discusses the etiology and pathophysiology of malnutrition as well as classifications such as marasmus and kwashiorkor. The clinical manifestations are described including trophic disorders, gastrointestinal disorders, CNS dysfunctions, and immunological disorders. Laboratory tests and treatment/prevention are also mentioned. Globally, malnutrition remains a major health problem, especially in developing countries, and is a primary cause of childhood mortality.
Protein energy malnutrition (PEM) refers to inadequate intake of protein and energy, commonly seen in infants and children. It ranges from marasmus characterized by weight loss to kwashiorkor with edema. Risk factors include social, economic, biological and environmental causes like poverty, infections, improper feeding. Free radicals and aflatoxins may damage liver cells and cause kwashiorkor. PEM results from direct causes like inadequate food intake and disease or indirect causes like food insecurity, poor sanitation and inadequate healthcare. Theories on the pathophysiology include adaptation and maladaptation, acute versus chronic effects, and free radical injury. PEM causes changes in body composition, metabolism, and anatomy.
This document discusses nutritional health problems, specifically focusing on anemia and iodine deficiency disorders. It defines anemia according to WHO standards and outlines the cut-off points for diagnosing anemia. It describes the etiology, signs and symptoms, evaluation, and management of iron deficiency anemia. It also discusses iodine deficiency disorders like goiter and cretinism, outlining their symptoms, epidemiological assessment, and the National Iodine Deficiency Disorder Control Programme in India.
Protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) is highly prevalent in developing countries and is a major cause of death in children under 5. It results from inadequate intake of protein and calories. The main types are marasmus, caused by deficiency of proteins and calories, and kwashiorkor, caused by a protein deficiency. Clinical features of kwashiorkor include edema, skin changes, and psychomotor changes. Marasmus is characterized by severe wasting. Treatment involves correcting fluid and electrolyte imbalances, treating infections, providing a high protein and calorie diet, and preventing hypothermia. Early detection and treatment lead to a good prognosis, while severe or prolonged PEM can have long term effects.
Protein malnutrition and its effect on oral healthnitya Krishna
This document provides an overview of protein energy malnutrition and its effects on oral health. It defines malnutrition and its types, discusses protein requirements and classifications, and describes protein energy malnutrition in detail. Specifically, it covers the epidemiology of protein energy malnutrition globally and in India, discusses the pathophysiology and factors related to malnutrition. It also classifies protein energy malnutrition and describes the main types - kwashiorkor, marasmus, and marasmic-kwashiorkor. The effects of protein malnutrition on oral health are also mentioned.
This document discusses tips about hypothyroidism in reproduction and pregnancy from recent guidelines by ACOG and ATA. It notes that thyroid disorders are common in young women and pregnancy, and that maternal and fetal thyroid function are closely related. Untreated hypothyroidism can lead to adverse pregnancy outcomes. Thyroid autoantibodies are associated with increased rates of early pregnancy loss. The document discusses thyroid physiology and how the thyroid gland and hormone levels change during pregnancy to meet increased demands. It also discusses iodine status, nutrition, and recommendations for iodine intake during pregnancy and lactation. The relationship between thyroid autoantibodies and pregnancy complications in euthyroid women is also summarized.
This document provides an overview of iodine and its importance for thyroid health. Iodine is a key component of thyroid hormones and is necessary for proper metabolism and development. However, iodine levels are declining due to reduced intake from foods and use in food processing. Additionally, exposure to competing halides like bromine, fluoride, and perchlorate can interfere with iodine absorption and thyroid function. Maintaining sufficient iodine intake through diet and supplements, while limiting toxic halide exposure, is important for optimal health.
Nutritional anemia -Dr JP Singh, Dept, of community medicine, SRMS IMS BareillyJp Singh
This document discusses nutritional anemia, defining it as a disease caused by malnutrition resulting in low hemoglobin levels. It outlines the main types of nutritional anemia including deficiencies in iron, folate, vitamin B12, and protein. The document provides details on the prevalence, causes, signs, symptoms and treatments of different forms of nutritional anemia with a focus on iron deficiency anemia. It discusses nutritional anemia prevention programs in India that provide iron and folic acid supplementation targeted at pregnant women, lactating women, and children aged 1-12 years.
Iodine is a mineral needed to produce thyroid hormones which regulate metabolism. It is found in fish, dairy, and seafood. During pregnancy, adequate iodine is important for the baby's brain development. The document outlines iodine recommendations, sources, risks of too little or too much, and notes some populations may need supplements to meet higher pregnancy needs.
Iodine deficiency is a common disorders in developing like Bangladesh. It affects both maternal and child heath. Dietary intake of iodine is necessary to avoid such disorders.
A presentation on Iodine deficiency disorder for women & children in developing country
Kwashiorkor is a type of protein-energy malnutrition that commonly affects children between 1-5 years old in third world countries where diets are high in carbohydrates but lack sufficient protein. It develops when a child is weaned off breast milk and given a protein-deficient diet. Symptoms include stunted growth, edema, hair and skin discoloration, and a protruding belly. Biochemically, it is characterized by low plasma albumin and fatty liver. Treatment focuses on providing the child with a diet rich in proteins to replace what was lost.
Iodine is an important nutrient for brain and thyroid health. Iodine deficiency has become a significant problem in Australia, leading to reduced IQ scores and increased rates of thyroid cancer and developmental delays. Universal salt iodization is recommended as the best strategy to address iodine deficiency, as iodized salt provides effective population coverage and is a cheap and simple solution.
The importance of folic acid in pregnancy plus our special folic acid recipes...Jackie De Burca
Folic acid is incredibly important both at the preconception phase, as well as in early pregnancy. This feature was written for the prestigious Dublin ultrasound clinic, Merrion Fetal Health.
Nutritional Supplements for Overweight Women and Gestational Diabetes Mellitu...Sujoy Dasgupta
This document discusses the formulation and rationale for a nutritional supplement called PRO-PL Lite, which is designed for overweight and obese women during pregnancy.
It begins by providing credentials for the author and presenting survey data showing high rates of overweight, obesity, and gestational diabetes among pregnant women. It then details the formulation for PRO-PL Lite, which is high in protein, fiber, vitamins, minerals, and nutrients thought to help manage gestational diabetes and support healthy pregnancy outcomes like myo-inositol and DHA.
The document explains that overweight and obese pregnant women need adequate nutrition and moderate weight gain. It argues that PRO-PL Lite could help meet nutrient needs, prevent complications of gestational
Protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) is a pathological condition arising from a lack of proteins and calories, most common in infants and young children. It manifests as marasmus, due to calorie deficiency, or kwashiorkor, due to protein deficiency. PEM is a global problem causing childhood mortality and morbidity. Causes include inadequate food intake, infections, and poor hygiene. Treatment involves stabilizing the patient, rebuilding tissues, and preparing for follow-up rehabilitation. Preventive measures encompass promoting breastfeeding, improving family diets, and early diagnosis and treatment of infections.
This document discusses various nutritional problems including undernutrition and overnutrition. It describes different types of undernutrition such as protein-energy malnutrition, low birth weight, vitamin A and iodine deficiencies. Protein-energy malnutrition can manifest as kwashiorkor or marasmus. Overnutrition issues like obesity, skeletal and dental fluorosis are also covered. The prevention and treatment of these various nutritional deficiencies and disorders are outlined.
This document discusses iodine deficiency disorder and endemic goiter. It defines endemic goiter as a type of goiter associated with dietary iodine deficiency, occurring in over 5% of a population. The document outlines iodine needs according to WHO, causes and risk factors of iodine deficiency including low dietary iodine, signs and symptoms like goiter and impaired development, diagnosis including urine iodine levels and thyroid imaging, treatment with iodine supplements or surgery, and prevention through iodized salt and supplements.
Eat and drink two to four servings of dairy products and calcium-rich foods a day. Calcium is found in dairy products, fish with bones (such as sardines and canned salmon), broccoli, and legumes. Aim to get 1,200 milligrams per day. Pump up your iron
Micronutrient deficiencies, also known as hidden hunger, affect millions of children and cause stunted growth, cognitive delays, and weakened immunity. Common deficiencies include iodine, vitamin A, iron, zinc, and calcium/vitamin D/folate during pregnancy. These deficiencies can be addressed through supplementation, food fortification, and biofortification programs. The National Plan of Action on Nutrition Malaysia III aims to reduce micronutrient deficiencies through universal salt iodization, prenatal vitamin distribution, and nutrition education.
Obesity in women by Dr. Sharda Jain presented on 17th August 14 at DMA Cente...Lifecare Centre
This document summarizes a presentation on obesity in women given by Dr. Sharda Jain and others. It discusses the increasing prevalence of obesity in women globally and in India. Unique aspects of medical history taking and physical examination in obese women are covered. The document reviews the medical issues associated with obesity like infertility, pregnancy complications, and increased risk of diseases. Lifestyle changes including diet and exercise as well as pharmacological and surgical options for obesity management are presented. Specific considerations for obesity and infertility treatment and pregnancy are also summarized.
Learn how fertility and obesity is connected and what are the health related risks that can be caused to the both mother and baby. Find a complete fertility solution and stay health.
1. The document discusses pediatric nutrition and nutritional disorders, covering topics like breastfeeding, carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins, and mineral deficiencies.
2. Breastfeeding is ideal for infant feeding, providing immunity and proper nutrition for growth. Exclusive breastfeeding is recommended for 6 months.
3. Common nutritional deficiencies discussed include vitamin A deficiency which can cause night blindness, and rickets caused by vitamin D deficiency which causes bone deformities.
4. Protein-energy malnutrition is also covered, explaining conditions like marasmus and kwashiorkor.
The document outlines a lecture plan on malnutrition (hypotrophy) and protein-energy malnutrition. It begins with definitions of malnutrition and dystrophy. It then discusses the etiology and pathophysiology of malnutrition as well as classifications such as marasmus and kwashiorkor. The clinical manifestations are described including trophic disorders, gastrointestinal disorders, CNS dysfunctions, and immunological disorders. Laboratory tests and treatment/prevention are also mentioned. Globally, malnutrition remains a major health problem, especially in developing countries, and is a primary cause of childhood mortality.
Protein energy malnutrition (PEM) refers to inadequate intake of protein and energy, commonly seen in infants and children. It ranges from marasmus characterized by weight loss to kwashiorkor with edema. Risk factors include social, economic, biological and environmental causes like poverty, infections, improper feeding. Free radicals and aflatoxins may damage liver cells and cause kwashiorkor. PEM results from direct causes like inadequate food intake and disease or indirect causes like food insecurity, poor sanitation and inadequate healthcare. Theories on the pathophysiology include adaptation and maladaptation, acute versus chronic effects, and free radical injury. PEM causes changes in body composition, metabolism, and anatomy.
This document discusses nutritional health problems, specifically focusing on anemia and iodine deficiency disorders. It defines anemia according to WHO standards and outlines the cut-off points for diagnosing anemia. It describes the etiology, signs and symptoms, evaluation, and management of iron deficiency anemia. It also discusses iodine deficiency disorders like goiter and cretinism, outlining their symptoms, epidemiological assessment, and the National Iodine Deficiency Disorder Control Programme in India.
Protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) is highly prevalent in developing countries and is a major cause of death in children under 5. It results from inadequate intake of protein and calories. The main types are marasmus, caused by deficiency of proteins and calories, and kwashiorkor, caused by a protein deficiency. Clinical features of kwashiorkor include edema, skin changes, and psychomotor changes. Marasmus is characterized by severe wasting. Treatment involves correcting fluid and electrolyte imbalances, treating infections, providing a high protein and calorie diet, and preventing hypothermia. Early detection and treatment lead to a good prognosis, while severe or prolonged PEM can have long term effects.
Protein malnutrition and its effect on oral healthnitya Krishna
This document provides an overview of protein energy malnutrition and its effects on oral health. It defines malnutrition and its types, discusses protein requirements and classifications, and describes protein energy malnutrition in detail. Specifically, it covers the epidemiology of protein energy malnutrition globally and in India, discusses the pathophysiology and factors related to malnutrition. It also classifies protein energy malnutrition and describes the main types - kwashiorkor, marasmus, and marasmic-kwashiorkor. The effects of protein malnutrition on oral health are also mentioned.
This document discusses tips about hypothyroidism in reproduction and pregnancy from recent guidelines by ACOG and ATA. It notes that thyroid disorders are common in young women and pregnancy, and that maternal and fetal thyroid function are closely related. Untreated hypothyroidism can lead to adverse pregnancy outcomes. Thyroid autoantibodies are associated with increased rates of early pregnancy loss. The document discusses thyroid physiology and how the thyroid gland and hormone levels change during pregnancy to meet increased demands. It also discusses iodine status, nutrition, and recommendations for iodine intake during pregnancy and lactation. The relationship between thyroid autoantibodies and pregnancy complications in euthyroid women is also summarized.
This document provides an overview of iodine and its importance for thyroid health. Iodine is a key component of thyroid hormones and is necessary for proper metabolism and development. However, iodine levels are declining due to reduced intake from foods and use in food processing. Additionally, exposure to competing halides like bromine, fluoride, and perchlorate can interfere with iodine absorption and thyroid function. Maintaining sufficient iodine intake through diet and supplements, while limiting toxic halide exposure, is important for optimal health.
Folic acid is important for preventing birth defects like spina bifida. It is recommended that all women of childbearing age consume 400 micrograms of folic acid daily from supplements or fortified foods. Folic acid helps the body make new cells and is important for DNA synthesis. A lack of folic acid has been linked to certain birth defects, heart disease, and cancer. Many women do not get enough folic acid from their diets alone, so taking a daily supplement or eating fortified foods is encouraged.
This document discusses the importance of maternal nutrition for fetal development and lifelong health outcomes. It defines an optimum fetus and lists the benefits of achieving this. Key factors that influence fetal growth such as gestational age, maternal weight gain, and nutrition are examined. The link between maternal nutrition and fetal status is established through evidence from wartime famines. The roles of specific nutrients including iron, calcium, magnesium, vitamin D, folate, antioxidants, and omega-3s are outlined. Food-borne infections and the ideal diet for pregnant women are also addressed.
This document discusses maternal nutrition and nutritional requirements during pregnancy and lactation. It defines maternal nutrient needs, explains the importance of pre-conception nutrition, and discusses various nutritional risk factors during pregnancy such as adolescents, multiple pregnancies, poverty, and substance abuse. Common pregnancy symptoms like nausea and constipation are described along with interventions. Nutritional needs increase during lactation to support breastfeeding.
The Importance of Women and Children`s NutritionA-VPD
Pregnant women and children in Asia are vulnerable to multiple micronutrient deficiencies. This presentation is to educate all women the importance of Iron+Folate and other micronutrients supplementation.
Adolescents, especially girls, are particularly vulnerable to iron deficiency. The highest prevalence is between the ages of 12-15 years when requirements are at a peak.
Iron deficiency, especially in adolescent girls, is a widespread problem that can negatively impact growth, school performance, and health. While plant-based iron is poorly absorbed, heme iron from meat is absorbed more efficiently. Regular iron supplements often cause unpleasant side effects leading girls to stop treatment. OptiFer tablets, based on natural heme iron from bovine, are a safe and effective solution that is well-tolerated and can maintain optimal iron levels over long periods without changing efficacy or tolerance.
Iodine-Ki 12.5mg: Essential Iodine for Thyroid and Overall HealthR Addison
Iodine-Ki 12.5mg provides vital iodine support for thyroid and overall health. Each capsule contains a balanced blend of 5mg molecular iodine and 7.5mg potassium iodide, akin to Lugol’s solution. Before use, consult a healthcare professional, especially regarding thyroid issues or medication interactions.
Iodine deficiency is a lack of the trace element iodine, an essential nutrient in the diet. It may result in metabolic problems such as goiter, sometimes as an endemic goiter as well as cretinism due to untreated congenital hypothyroidism, which results in developmental delays and other health problems.
EFFECTIVENESS OF JAGGERY BALL ON HAEMOGLOBIN LEVEL AMONG YOUNG ADOLESCENT GIR...sangeetachatterjee10
This document provides a synopsis for a study assessing the effectiveness of nutrition balls on haemoglobin levels among young adolescent girls in India. The study aims to evaluate haemoglobin levels before and after administering nutrition balls made from jaggery and amla powder. The background discusses the high prevalence of anaemia in India, especially among adolescent girls. A literature review found studies showing anaemia's relationship to poor nutrition and socioeconomic status. The study aims to test the hypothesis that nutrition balls can effectively increase haemoglobin levels and help address iron deficiency anaemia.
The document discusses protecting the thyroid from radiation. It notes that potassium iodide tablets were distributed in Japan after the Fukushima nuclear disaster to protect against radioactive iodine, which can cause thyroid cancer. The tablets work by saturating the thyroid with stable iodine to prevent uptake of the radioactive type. The document then discusses superfoods that can support thyroid health, such as coconut, kelp, and turkey. It also identifies foods to avoid that can suppress thyroid function, like broccoli and soy. Maintaining adequate copper and iron through diet is also important for thyroid health.
Enrichment of bakery products in iodides part 2Iwona Paszenko
This document discusses developing a method to enrich bread with iodine as a way to address iodine deficiency in Poland and Europe. It notes that iodine deficiency is a problem affecting northern Europe and can lead to health issues. The document proposes enriching bakery products with iodine as the most optimal way to provide iodine, and describes developing an effective method to do so. It argues that iodine-enriched bread could help eliminate iodine deficiency in Poland and Europe.
This document discusses iron deficiency anemia, which affects over 700 million people worldwide. It is most prevalent in young children, pregnant women, and non-pregnant women. Causes include iron deficiency, malaria, hookworm disease, and genetic conditions. Consequences include impaired development, decreased activity, and increased morbidity. Treatment involves oral or injectable iron supplements. Prevention strategies include nutrition education, food fortification, breastfeeding promotion, and public health measures.
Low iron counts and even anaemia due to iron deficiency is a widespread problem. Among adolescents, it will bring consequences on growth, school performance, morbidity and reproductive performance.
Iron deficiency also has several negative physical symptoms such as tiredness, headaches and difficulty to concentrate.
Conventional iron deficiency treatment with pharmacological iron doses often causes side effects such as abdominal pain, constipation and diarrhoea.
Uptake for heme iron is 20 – 40 %. (Non-heme 2 - 4 %)
Heme iron is very well tolerated. There are no known unpleasant side-effects. Uptake or tolerance will not change over time.
Prevention against micronutrient malnutritionHealthXn
Micronutrident disorders are common and a major cause of morbidity in all populations. In this presentation we discuss the importance of iodine, folic acid and vitamin D deficiency. Prevention is the solution
Nutrition during pregnancy and lactation is crucial for both maternal and infant health. Inadequate intake of key nutrients like protein, iron, calcium and vitamins can negatively impact the mother and development of the fetus. Studies in India show that many pregnant women have low intake of calories, protein and micronutrients compared to recommendations. Certain nutrients like iodine, DHA, choline and folate are especially important for brain development of the fetus and infant. Ensuring adequate intake of nutrients throughout the lifecycle from childhood to pregnancy can help prevent maternal and fetal malnutrition.
Nutrition during pregnancy and lactation is crucial as the demands for nutrients are high. Many Indian women have inadequate intake of important nutrients like calories, proteins, iron, calcium, vitamin D and iodine. This can negatively impact the growth and development of the fetus and newborn. Key nutrients like DHA, choline, folate and iodine are essential for optimal brain development. Calcium and vitamin D are important for growth. Nutrients like vitamin C, zinc and vitamin E support the immune system of both mother and child. Certain prebiotics can also promote digestive health.
Assessing the diet of women in early intake.docx4934bk
1. The document discusses assessing diet and choline intake through egg consumption among women in early pregnancy. It provides background on nutrition during pregnancy and importance of diet.
2. The aims are to assess choline intake among women in early pregnancy, determine the percentage consuming recommended amounts, and differences in consumption patterns.
3. Poor nutrition during pregnancy can lead to health issues, and diet plays a key role in fetal development. Assessing nutrient intake is complex due to physiological changes during pregnancy.
Similar to Dr William Barnes - The case for Iodine Supplementation (20)
Osteoporosis - Definition , Evaluation and Management .pdfJim Jacob Roy
Osteoporosis is an increasing cause of morbidity among the elderly.
In this document , a brief outline of osteoporosis is given , including the risk factors of osteoporosis fractures , the indications for testing bone mineral density and the management of osteoporosis
share - Lions, tigers, AI and health misinformation, oh my!.pptxTina Purnat
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8 Surprising Reasons To Meditate 40 Minutes A Day That Can Change Your Life.pptxHolistified Wellness
We’re talking about Vedic Meditation, a form of meditation that has been around for at least 5,000 years. Back then, the people who lived in the Indus Valley, now known as India and Pakistan, practised meditation as a fundamental part of daily life. This knowledge that has given us yoga and Ayurveda, was known as Veda, hence the name Vedic. And though there are some written records, the practice has been passed down verbally from generation to generation.
Adhd Medication Shortage Uk - trinexpharmacy.comreignlana06
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Explore the benefits of combining Ayurveda with conventional Parkinson's treatments. Learn how a holistic approach can manage symptoms, enhance well-being, and balance body energies. Discover the steps to safely integrate Ayurvedic practices into your Parkinson’s care plan, including expert guidance on diet, herbal remedies, and lifestyle modifications.
Local Advanced Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex Sys...Oleg Kshivets
Overall life span (LS) was 1671.7±1721.6 days and cumulative 5YS reached 62.4%, 10 years – 50.4%, 20 years – 44.6%. 94 LCP lived more than 5 years without cancer (LS=2958.6±1723.6 days), 22 – more than 10 years (LS=5571±1841.8 days). 67 LCP died because of LC (LS=471.9±344 days). AT significantly improved 5YS (68% vs. 53.7%) (P=0.028 by log-rank test). Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: N0-N12, T3-4, blood cell circuit, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells-CC and blood cells subpopulations), LC cell dynamics, recalcification time, heparin tolerance, prothrombin index, protein, AT, procedure type (P=0.000-0.031). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and N0-12 (rank=1), thrombocytes/CC (rank=2), segmented neutrophils/CC (3), eosinophils/CC (4), erythrocytes/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), stick neutrophils/CC (8), leucocytes/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (error=0.000; area under ROC curve=1.0).
Local Advanced Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex Sys...
Dr William Barnes - The case for Iodine Supplementation
1. Iodine supplementation: the case for.
Dr William Barnes MbchB Bsc FACNEM 2010
In a recent article in the Age July 2010, Prof Makrides Professor of Nutrition at Adelaide
University is quoted as saying “there is little scientific evidence to support taking iron or
iodine supplements during or ahead of pregnancy, while both were promoted as
beneficial to mums-to-be.”
She goes on to say “we don’t have the information “with regard to the case for iodine
supplementation in pregnancy.
This statement surprises me; in fact my reading of current literature is that there is a very
strong case in Australia and New Zealand for the supplementation of Iodine in a number
of Scenarios including pregnancy.
The conclusion in a paper published in the journal Nutrition ( 2009) by researchers from
Westmead Hospital medical research.(2). States “ Public health strategies, including
nutritional education and supplementation, are URGENTLY required to improve iodine
status in pregnant women. Currently no readily accessible information on iodine is
available to women attending antenatal clinics in Australia”.
If we take evidence provided all over the world this statement holds true for most
countries around the world.
In fact according to another article published by researchers at the university of
Wollongong NSW (3) , state “ Australia is grappling with the re-emergence of mild to
moderate iodine deficiency in all groups tested , including school children, adult
volunteers , and pregnant and postpartum women”
How could this occur? What is the history ? Who is at greatest risk? Is salt and bread
fortification iodine going to rectify this nutritional issue? Is supplementation necessary
and in what groups?
These are the questions that need to be answered.
Iodine deficiency:
Iodine is an element( halogen) required for the synthesis of the thyroid hormones
thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) . Iodide is almost completely absorbable in the
stomach and in the upper small intestine. After ingestion iodate is rapidly reduced to
iodide and completely absorpted. The excess iodine not needed for hormone synthesis is
mainly excreted through the kidneys.
This urinary excretion is used as an indicator and probably the best assessor of iodine
status. Urinary iodine reflects dietary intake. The higher the excretion the less likely
there is deficiency. Levels above 100ug/L of iodine in the urine are considered adequate.
WHO urine excretory levels (3)(2)
Iodine replete > 100 ugL pregnancy > 150 ug/L
Mild def 50-99 ug/L
Mod def 20- 49 ug/L
Severe def < 20 ug/L
2. 1
Sources of Iodine:
2
Sea food is the best source of dietary iodine, along with sea weed, milk(refer to children
and iodine) iodized salt and fortified bread.
Ironically , health conscious people can be at greater risk of iodine deficiency than the
rest of the population. Salt restriction to prevent hypertension is a conflicting message to
the use of iodized salt. Hence the introduction of fortified bread .
Most salt in Australian diets is now consumed in processed foods, however the food
industry does not generally use iodized salt. (3).
Fortified bread can increase the dietary intake of iodine by 46 ug/ day if three slices
(100G) are consumed. This process however excludes organic breads.
Even with the fortification and consumption of fortified bread Karen Charlton et al
reporting in the journal nutrition (3) state, with regard to pregnant women. Fortification,
“may only reduce the problem rather than eliminate it , as has been demonstrated in a
pilot project for bread iodization in Tasmania. Supplementation would still be required.”
Vegetarians have a greater risk of iodine deficiency . In one study iodine deficiency was
present in 25% of vegetarians and an incredible 80% 0f vegans. This highlights one of the
major misconceptions around iodine availability. Iodine is not well represented in fruit
and vegetables in most countries around the world the exception being Japan.
Children are at risk, in a recent study in Dunedin New Zealand, there is a reported
reemergence of iodine deficiency. This is believed to be a consequence of lower
concentration of iodine in milk because of the discontinuation of iodine –containing
sanitizers in the dairy industry, declining use of iodized salt and an increased
consumption of processed foods made with non-iodized salt. (4)
Goitre
The connection between Goitre and iodine was made in 1916 by a pathologist Dr David
Marine. His trial into the effect of iodide supplementation in school girls from Ohio
between 1917-1922 greatly reduced the incidence of Goitre, and resulted in the
introduction of iodized table salt. (5)
Total Goitre prevalence globally is estimated to be around 15% and in 2003 was
estimated to be around 15% in Australia and New Zealand/. Putting us at the global
average level. (6)
Anyone presenting with goitre should have an assay for TSH T4 T3 , to assess thyroid
function as well as a urinary iodine assessment .
The ideal TSH level is below 2.5 and above 1. As mentioned above Iodine excretion
should exceed 100ug/L in the urine..
Iodine and Pregnancy.
3. During pregnancy the mother’s thyoxine (T4) requirement is increased by 50%. (7) This
is important information , because in the first trimester the only source of fetal T4 is from
maternal T4 crossing the placenta. A deficiency in the mother will undoubtedly lead to a
fetal deficiency with potentially major consequences…..Mothers excrete more Iodine in
pregnancy
3.
Deficiency leads to spontaneous abortions, stillbirth and an increase perinatal mortality
The Fetal brain is most effected with thyroid hormone deficiency ,leading to problems
with myelination. Numerous studies worldwide show iodine deficiency as a major cause
of mental retardation.
.
A recent study on Australian showed suboptimal iodine status in pregnant women this
study revealed that 85% of pregnant women screened had lower than the required
150ug/L of iodine excretion .Better education and supplementation were advised (2)
Pregnant women need in excess of 150ug of iodine a day some suggesting 250-
300ug/day in pregnancy and 225-350ug/day in lactation.
Bread fortification can deliver around 50 ug if three slices of fortified bread are eaten .
Way short of the recommended requirement. Therefore it is recommended that in this
population group , supplementation of iodine at around 150ug / day in line with WHO
recommendations is the minimum required.
Children.
A recent study in NZ reported an improvement in perceptual reasoning in mildly iodine
deficient children following supplementation. The mean Urinary excretion of these
children was lifted from 66ug/L to 145ug/L at 28 weeks following a supplementation of
150ug/dayof iodine.
The 28 week iodine supplementation program was associated with significant
improvements in cognitive performance. The authors concluded that mild iodine
deficiency could prevent children from achieving there full intellectual potential. (5).
Women Breast disease and iodine.
The high rate of breast disease in women with thyroid abnormalities has been reported
for over30 years. Kalache.A found in a large case controlled study a correlation between
breast cancer and thyroid disease. This was supported in 1996 Smyth PP et al , where
their findings showed a direct relationship between thyroid enlargement and breast
cancer. Clinical trials have demonstrated iodine supplementation can reduce symptoms of
mastalgia and fibrocystic disease. (7).
One of the earliest reports on the association of breast cancer with thyroid was reported
by Beatson in 1896, so the association is not new. Since the many studies have shown
associations between thyroid diseases of all types including hyperthyroidism ,
hypothyroidism, thyroiditis and thyroid cancer (9). Hypothyroidism was the most
common association.
In a study done by Orhan Turken et al in 2003 (9) confirmed the association between a
high prevalence of goiter and autoimmune thyroiditis in breast cancer patients.
4. The mechanism for this association has been explored writing in the International
Journal of Medical Studies 2008 Stoddard et al postulated iodide down regulated gene
expression in breast tissue. These genes were oestrogen responsive and as such reduced
the oestrogen responsiveness of the tumour cells to oestrogen. Furthermore they also
showed that iodine could up regulate oestrogen detoxification and reduce the oestrogenic
effect on breast tissue.
Iodine dosage:
The recommended Iodine dosage in the general population is 150mcg/dy. As described
above this can be increased in pregnancy and lactation to 350 mcg / day. The Upper limit
for pregnant women was defined by the European Commission/scientific Committee on
food to be 600ug/day, for pregnant women.(11)
Doses over 1000 mcg / day are not recommended as there are reports that this dose can
cause a suppression of TSH , and an increased risk of hypothyroidism and autoimmune
disorders.(12).
Summary.
Iodine is essential for normal thyroid function. There is a growing incidence of iodine
deficiency in the general population . This can lead to loss of cognitive function in
children and thyroid disease in adults .
Pregnant women are at a higher risk of iodine deficiency, because they excrete more
iodine and have a higher demand for thyroid enzymes both for themselves and the fetus.
There is an association between thyroid disease and breast disorders .
Supplementation is recommended when the daily intake of iodine is less than 100mcg/
day .
This can be easily assessed with thyroid function tests and urinary excretion of iodine.
Contrary to the article in the Age , iodine deficiency is a real problem with plenty of
scientific evidence pointing to a growing incidence of mild to moderate deficiency. This
problem will not be resolved in vulnerable groups by the eating of fortified bread.
Supplementation has a real role in protecting these vulnerable groups from deficiency.
William Barnes 2010
1. Vitamin use “fuelled by industry” Danny Rose July 6 2010 AAP
2. suboptimal iodine status of Australian pregnant women reflects poor knowledge
and practices related to iodine nutrition: Karen E Charlton et al Nutrition xxx
(2009) 1-6
3. Poor iodine status and knowledge related to iodine on the eve of mandatory iodine
fortification in Australia Karen E Charlton PhD et al , Asia Pac J Clin Nutr
2010:19(2):250-255
4. Iodine supplementation improves cognition in mildly iodine-deficient children
Rosie Gordon et al: American Journal of Nutrition 2009.28145
5. Halt on Salt Sparks Iodine Deficiency . William Davis MD life extension 2010
6. Iodine status worldwide WHO 2004
7. Iodine deficiency in pregnant women residing in an area with adequate iodine
intake ; E Marchioni, Nutrition 24 (200* 458-461
5. 8. The thyroid, iodine and breast cancer Peter Smyth Breast cancer Research 2003
5: 235-238
9. Breast cancer in association with thyroid disorders O Turken et al : Breast cancer
Research. Vol 5 No 5
10. Iodine alters gene expression in MCF7 breast cancer cell line:Evidence for an
Anti-Estrogen effect of iodine F Stoddard et al Int J Med Sci 2008,5
11. Micronutrients and women of reproductive potential: required dietary intake and
consequences of dietary deficiency or excess. Part 11-, Vit D Vit A Iron, Zinc,
Iodine, Essential Fatty Acids : Joe Simpson et al The journal of Maternal-Fetal
and neonatal medicine 2010 1-24
12. Iodine deficiency and therapeutic considerations. Lyn Patrick Alternative Med
Review Vol 13 Number 2 2008.
;
The most sensitive phase for iodine deficiency is during pregnancy. During the first and
6. 8. The thyroid, iodine and breast cancer Peter Smyth Breast cancer Research 2003
5: 235-238
9. Breast cancer in association with thyroid disorders O Turken et al : Breast cancer
Research. Vol 5 No 5
10. Iodine alters gene expression in MCF7 breast cancer cell line:Evidence for an
Anti-Estrogen effect of iodine F Stoddard et al Int J Med Sci 2008,5
11. Micronutrients and women of reproductive potential: required dietary intake and
consequences of dietary deficiency or excess. Part 11-, Vit D Vit A Iron, Zinc,
Iodine, Essential Fatty Acids : Joe Simpson et al The journal of Maternal-Fetal
and neonatal medicine 2010 1-24
12. Iodine deficiency and therapeutic considerations. Lyn Patrick Alternative Med
Review Vol 13 Number 2 2008.
;
The most sensitive phase for iodine deficiency is during pregnancy. During the first and