2. NO OF BLINDS IN INDIA
• ACCORDING TO NATIONAL PROGRAMME FOR CONTROL OF
BLINDNESS AND VISUAL IMPAIRMENT(NPCBVI) 2021, THERE ARE;
• 4.95 MILLION PEOPLE ARE BLIND
• 35 MILLION ARE VISUALLY IMPAIRED
• 0.24 MILLION ARE BLIND CHILDREN
• 10 LAKH PEOPLE ARE SUFFERING FROM CORNEAL BLINDNESS AND
WAITING FOR CORNEAL TRANSPLANTS
• AROUND 8.2% HAS CORNEAL OPACITY AS A CAUSE AND AROUND
30,000 NEW CASES OF CORNEAL BLINDNESS OCCUR ANNUALLY
3. • According to NPCBVI, Target of 60,000, about 45,294 donated eyes
were collected in 2021-22, Two-and-a-half times more than what was
collected in 2020-21
• Out of 45,294, about 24,783 keratoplasty procedures performed in
2021-2022
4. LASIK(Laser-Assisted In Situ Keratomileusis)
• It is a Procedure that Permanently Changes the Shape of the Cornea
using an Excimer Laser.
• Good Candidate for LASIK -
-You should be 18 years or older (ideally, over 21 years old, when vision
is more likely to have stopped changing).
-Your eye prescription should not have changed much in the last year.
-Your refractive error must be one that can be treated with LASIK.
-Your corneas need to be thick enough and healthy, and your overall
eye health must be generally good
5. • Not a good candidates for LASIK-
-An unstable (changing) refractive error.
-Extreme levels of myopia, hyperopia or astigmatism.
-Severe dry eye.
-Corneas that are too thin.
-Corneal scars or disease.
-Keratoconus (cone-shaped cornea).
-Advanced glaucoma.
6. - Cataract affecting vision
- History of having certain eye infections
- Diabetes that is not controlled well
- Women who are pregnant or breastfeeding should not have LASIK
(due to vision changes that can happen during pregnancy).
7. • LASIK surgery occurs by making a Flap in the Cornea. After the Flap’s
creation, an Excimer Laser Reshapes the Cornea. By Reshaping the
Cornea, Refractive errors can get Corrected. The Flap is then replaced
and acts as a sort of bandage for your eye.
• It’s important that your Cornea is Thick enough to allow flap creation.
• Measuring Corneal Thickness through a corneal pachymetry test.
• This involves placing an ultrasound pachymeter at the very center of
your eye. The ultrasound waves measure the thickness of your
cornea.
8. • A good LASIK candidate will usually have a Cornea that is 450-550
microns Thick
• Most surgeons make a flap that’s about 160 microns
• Surgeons like a patient to have 250 microns of Corneal tissue
remaining after LASIK
9. Vision after LASIK
- About 9 out of 10 people (90%) who have LASIK end up with vision
between 20/20 and 20/40—without glasses or contact lenses.
It is important to know that LASIK cannot correct Presbyopia.
10. INVESTIGATIONS FOR DIAGNOSIS OF
KERATOCONUS
• Slit-lamp examination
• Retinoscopy (assessment of
scissor reflex)
• Measurement of K values
• Ultrasound pachymetry
• Computerized corneal
topography(GOLD STANDARD)
12. CORNEAL ABRASION IN MINORS
• A corneal abrasion is a Scratch, Scrape on the surface of your cornea.
Fingernails, Makeup Brushes and Tree branches are Common .
• Corneal Abrasion Symptoms-
• The Feeling that something is stuck in your eye.
• Red, painful, watery eyes
• Blurry or hazy vision
• Being extra sensitive to light(Photophobia)
13. • Why Do Corneal Abrasions and Corneal Erosions Hurt So Much?
• The cornea has many nerve cells.
• Cells called Pain receptors transmit pain to tell us about possible
damage to the eye’s surface.
• In fact, there are hundreds of times more pain receptors in our
cornea than there are in our skin.
14. • Corneal Abrasion Diagnosis-
• Ophthalmologist will put Dye called Fluorescein on your eye’s surface.
• Then will look at your cornea with an instrument called a slit lamp.
• The dye will highlight a cut or scratch on the cornea.
• Corneal Abrasion Treatment-
• Eye patch
• Lubricating eye drops
• Cycloplegics
• Moisturising eye ointments
