This document provides an operation manual for processing and analyzing groundwater data in India. It details the monitoring networks for water levels, water quality, and hydro-meteorology. It also describes how the data is organized in the Hydrological Information System (HIS) and discusses semi-static and dynamic data collected, including climate/rainfall reviews, groundwater level changes, and resource estimations. The setup of the groundwater agency is explained along with its roles in monitoring, research, and management.
This document provides a model template for a groundwater yearbook. It includes sections on the introduction, drainage characteristics, geology, soils, subsurface lithology, groundwater issues in the area, the setup of the groundwater agency, the hydrological information system, water quality and meteorological networks, organization of groundwater data, static and dynamic data, reviews of groundwater levels, flows, quality, resource estimates, and recommendations. It contains sample tables, figures, and annexes that could be included to summarize key hydrogeological information, monitoring networks, data, trends, and issues for a given area in 3 pages or less.
This document provides guidance on reporting discharge data from hydrological monitoring stations. It outlines the contents and purpose of yearly reports, including descriptive summaries of streamflow patterns, basic statistics for selected stations, and comparisons to long-term averages. Periodic long-term reports every 5-10 years are also recommended to analyze trends over longer time periods. The reports aim to inform water resource planning and make hydrological data more accessible and understandable for users.
This document provides guidance on reporting climatic data in India. It discusses the purpose and contents of annual reports on climatic data, including evaporation data. Key points covered include:
- Annual reports summarize evaporation data for the reporting year and compare to long-term statistics.
- Reports include details on the observational network, basic evaporation statistics, data validation processes.
- Network maps and station listings provide details on locations and recorded variables. Statistics include monthly and annual summaries for the current year and historical averages.
- Reports aim to inform users and support planning, while also recognizing data producers and maintaining the climatic observation system.
This document provides guidance for managing groundwater data as part of a Hydrological Information System (HIS) in India. It discusses the lifecycle of hydrometric data from collection to dissemination. Key points covered include:
- The HIS Manual Groundwater is the primary reference for groundwater data management procedures.
- Groundwater data goes through stages of monitoring, data sensing, validation, analysis, and publication.
- Sections provide guidance on groundwater monitoring networks, data collection, processing, analysis, and dissemination of data.
- Tables list the relevant HIS Manual volumes for groundwater level and rainfall data management.
Hydrological data management systems within a national river flow archivehydrologywebsite1
The document describes the UK National River Flow Archive (NRFA), which collects, validates, stores, and disseminates river flow data from across the UK. It discusses the NRFA's data management systems, which integrate river flow time series data with additional datasets like rainfall, groundwater levels, and metadata on gauging stations. These systems allow the NRFA to validate, analyze, and visualize hydrological data in order to produce statistics, reports, and ensure high quality data for users in water management, research, and policy. The systems provide functionality for hydrological data that is tailored to the NRFA's specific needs beyond basic time series handling.
This document provides guidance on how to report rainfall data in yearly and periodic reports. It outlines the typical contents and structure of annual reports including descriptive summaries of rainfall patterns, comparisons to long-term averages, basic statistics, and descriptions of major storms. Periodic reports produced every 10 years would include long-term statistics updated over the previous decade as well as frequency analysis of rainfall data. The reports aim to inform stakeholders of rainfall patterns and data availability as well as validate and improve the quality of data collection.
This document provides a summary of a study examining the hazardous characteristics of leachate from solid waste facilities receiving drill cuttings in West Virginia. The study analyzed leachate from six landfills, four that accept drill cuttings and two that do not. Leachate and drill cutting samples were collected and analyzed for heavy metals, organic compounds, and radiological parameters. Analytical results for several compounds exceeded water quality standards in leachate from landfills accepting drill cuttings. The study also included ecotoxicology analysis of leachate, statistical analysis of leachate data over time, and evaluation of naturally occurring radioactive materials. The document outlines the methodology, analytical results, and conclusions regarding potential impacts to water
Developing and Researching Brackish Groundwater: High Plains Water District’s...TWCA
The High Plains Water District adopted a scope of work in 2015 to study the Dockum Aquifer through tasks like creating a well inventory, water level and quality monitoring, partnering with USGS on logging, reviewing models and publications, identifying test well sites, and considering pilot wells. The study aims to evaluate the Dockum Aquifer as an alternative water source and address issues like economics, depth-salinity profiles, modeling, and treatment. HPWD has partnered with municipalities and established a program in 2020 to partner with constituents on new wells to obtain more aquifer data.
This document provides a model template for a groundwater yearbook. It includes sections on the introduction, drainage characteristics, geology, soils, subsurface lithology, groundwater issues in the area, the setup of the groundwater agency, the hydrological information system, water quality and meteorological networks, organization of groundwater data, static and dynamic data, reviews of groundwater levels, flows, quality, resource estimates, and recommendations. It contains sample tables, figures, and annexes that could be included to summarize key hydrogeological information, monitoring networks, data, trends, and issues for a given area in 3 pages or less.
This document provides guidance on reporting discharge data from hydrological monitoring stations. It outlines the contents and purpose of yearly reports, including descriptive summaries of streamflow patterns, basic statistics for selected stations, and comparisons to long-term averages. Periodic long-term reports every 5-10 years are also recommended to analyze trends over longer time periods. The reports aim to inform water resource planning and make hydrological data more accessible and understandable for users.
This document provides guidance on reporting climatic data in India. It discusses the purpose and contents of annual reports on climatic data, including evaporation data. Key points covered include:
- Annual reports summarize evaporation data for the reporting year and compare to long-term statistics.
- Reports include details on the observational network, basic evaporation statistics, data validation processes.
- Network maps and station listings provide details on locations and recorded variables. Statistics include monthly and annual summaries for the current year and historical averages.
- Reports aim to inform users and support planning, while also recognizing data producers and maintaining the climatic observation system.
This document provides guidance for managing groundwater data as part of a Hydrological Information System (HIS) in India. It discusses the lifecycle of hydrometric data from collection to dissemination. Key points covered include:
- The HIS Manual Groundwater is the primary reference for groundwater data management procedures.
- Groundwater data goes through stages of monitoring, data sensing, validation, analysis, and publication.
- Sections provide guidance on groundwater monitoring networks, data collection, processing, analysis, and dissemination of data.
- Tables list the relevant HIS Manual volumes for groundwater level and rainfall data management.
Hydrological data management systems within a national river flow archivehydrologywebsite1
The document describes the UK National River Flow Archive (NRFA), which collects, validates, stores, and disseminates river flow data from across the UK. It discusses the NRFA's data management systems, which integrate river flow time series data with additional datasets like rainfall, groundwater levels, and metadata on gauging stations. These systems allow the NRFA to validate, analyze, and visualize hydrological data in order to produce statistics, reports, and ensure high quality data for users in water management, research, and policy. The systems provide functionality for hydrological data that is tailored to the NRFA's specific needs beyond basic time series handling.
This document provides guidance on how to report rainfall data in yearly and periodic reports. It outlines the typical contents and structure of annual reports including descriptive summaries of rainfall patterns, comparisons to long-term averages, basic statistics, and descriptions of major storms. Periodic reports produced every 10 years would include long-term statistics updated over the previous decade as well as frequency analysis of rainfall data. The reports aim to inform stakeholders of rainfall patterns and data availability as well as validate and improve the quality of data collection.
This document provides a summary of a study examining the hazardous characteristics of leachate from solid waste facilities receiving drill cuttings in West Virginia. The study analyzed leachate from six landfills, four that accept drill cuttings and two that do not. Leachate and drill cutting samples were collected and analyzed for heavy metals, organic compounds, and radiological parameters. Analytical results for several compounds exceeded water quality standards in leachate from landfills accepting drill cuttings. The study also included ecotoxicology analysis of leachate, statistical analysis of leachate data over time, and evaluation of naturally occurring radioactive materials. The document outlines the methodology, analytical results, and conclusions regarding potential impacts to water
Developing and Researching Brackish Groundwater: High Plains Water District’s...TWCA
The High Plains Water District adopted a scope of work in 2015 to study the Dockum Aquifer through tasks like creating a well inventory, water level and quality monitoring, partnering with USGS on logging, reviewing models and publications, identifying test well sites, and considering pilot wells. The study aims to evaluate the Dockum Aquifer as an alternative water source and address issues like economics, depth-salinity profiles, modeling, and treatment. HPWD has partnered with municipalities and established a program in 2020 to partner with constituents on new wells to obtain more aquifer data.
This document summarizes a study applying GIS to support urban water management in Can Tho City, Vietnam under changing climate conditions. Researchers collected water systems data from local agencies and standardized it in a GIS database. They developed interactive maps and a WebGIS interface to visualize this data. Key outputs included: (1) thematic maps in a Map Book highlighting water quality, infrastructure, and household access issues; and (2) a WebGIS allowing users to view and analyze layers like water pressure, quality monitoring points, and planned infrastructure improvements. These tools helped agencies better understand issues and make planning/management decisions.
Mh sw optimisation of g&d stations network of maharashtrahydrologyproject0
This document discusses optimizing the streamgauge and raingauge network for the Upper Bhima Basin in India. It provides background on hydrological information systems and networks in India. The Hydrology Project aims to improve India's capabilities for collecting and analyzing hydrological data. This study was conducted as part of the Hydrology Project to review and optimize the existing hydrometric network in Maharashtra state, which includes streamgauges and raingauges. The goal is to ensure the network is collecting the necessary data to facilitate optimal water resources use and management in the Upper Bhima Basin.
This document provides guidance on entering water level data into a hydrological data processing system. It describes how staff gauge readings, readings from autographic charts, and digital records are checked before being entered. Data can be entered for multiple daily readings, or hourly readings. Formats are provided for entering this data along with date, station information, and data limits. Graphs can then be generated to check the data entry against original records. The system also checks that computed statistics match those entered from source documents.
DSD-SEA 2019 Seasonal drought forecasting using state-of-the-art hydro softwa...Deltares
Presentation by Mr. Irfan Sudono, MT Research Center for Water Resources – Ministry of Public Works and Housing (Indonesia) at the Seminar Hydro Software to support policy development and real-time decision making, during the Deltares Software Days South-East Asia 2019. Wednesday, 27 November 2019, Bangkok.
Day 2 neno kukluric igrac- data processinggroundwatercop
This document discusses data processing and harmonization for transboundary aquifers. It involves structuring raw data into consistent digital formats, simplifying technical maps, and developing common terminology between countries. Key aspects of harmonization include agreeing on classifications, map scales, units of measurement, and report formats to integrate national data sets into a harmonized analysis of the shared aquifer. The overall goal is a standardized, collaborative assessment of transboundary groundwater resources.
Data requirements for Ganga River Basin Management Plan FRANK Water
This presentation by Prof. A.K. Gosain describes the data requirements for the Ganga River Basin Management Plan. What are the types of data sets that need to be explored and how would they be used in the studies related to GRBMP.
The document describes the Groundwater Estimation and Management System (GEMS) which is a comprehensive software solution for groundwater management in India. It provides tools for compiling, visualizing, and analyzing hydrogeological data. The key modules of GEMS include sites database, geophysical investigations, water quality studies, statistical analysis, groundwater resource estimation and mapping. It integrates GIS, spatial analysis, and statistical tools to help with tasks like aquifer mapping, water resource management, and analyzing rainfall, water level, and water quality data over time. GEMS is used by the Central Ground Water Board of India to manage groundwater resources across nine states.
The document discusses the achievements and objectives of India's Hydrology Project Phases I, II, and III.
Phase I (1995-2003) established hydrological monitoring networks across 9 states. Phase II (2006-2014) expanded these networks to 13 states and strengthened data collection, management, and decision support systems.
Phase III aims to establish integrated water resources management across all Indian states and UTs. It will upgrade groundwater and meteorological monitoring, develop spatiotemporal data and tools to support planning, and strengthen institutions for capacity building. The workshop discussed opportunities for cross-learning and identifying appropriate technologies.
Lacey Hirschvogel, MDNR, Multiple Discharger Variance, Missouri Water Seminar...Kevin Perry
This document outlines a multiple discharger variance (MDV) framework for municipalities with wastewater lagoons experiencing substantial economic impacts from compliance with total ammonia nitrogen standards. An MDV is a time-limited variance that allows multiple dischargers to meet the highest attainable effluent conditions through an adaptive management approach and public review process. Eligible municipalities must complete applications demonstrating alternatives analyses, endangered species reviews, and cost analyses. The appendices provide guidance on establishing highest attainable effluent benchmarks for lagoons, completing variance applications, and evaluating costs of compliance. The variance aims to provide 10 years for minor municipalities to meet total ammonia nitrogen standards through an adaptive management approach.
APPLICABILITY OF WEAP AS WATER MANAGEMENT DECISIONMarwan Haddad
This document describes using the Water Evaluation and Planning (WEAP) model as a decision support system (DSS) tool to evaluate water management options for the Tulkarem district in Palestine under different scenarios. Key points:
- WEAP was used to model the Tulkarem district water resources system, which includes municipal, agricultural, and other water demands and supplies.
- Stakeholder surveys identified the most important water management issues as agricultural management and physical/political water constraints.
- The model results can help water managers evaluate options to improve sustainable water resources development and management in the district.
This document outlines a policy-oriented study on remote sensing methods for agricultural drought monitoring. It describes the partners and their qualifications, defines the main objective as formulating concrete drought monitoring methods and intervention levels for key crops, and lays out the process flow and activities. Progress so far includes analysis of soil water status, time series spectral data collection, yield data assessment, and creating masks and extracting arable land from MODIS images. The outputs will be reports on soil water content, remote sensing and GIS tools for monitoring, and integrating tools and levels into monitoring systems. Reflections were provided on capacity building, report comments, and linking with other activities.
The document outlines parameters and variables as well as data sources for conducting a socio-economic and environmental assessment for Namibia. It discusses environmental aspects such as suitability of groundwater for consumption, pollution, solid waste and wastewater control, and shallow groundwater tables. It also discusses socio-economic aspects including population, groundwater abstraction, freshwater use, dependence on groundwater by industry and agriculture, and access to public water supply and sanitation. Data sources for each parameter are provided and include government agencies, utilities, and other institutions.
Sarah Backhouse of Texas Water Development Board updated TAGD members on regional water planning efforts at the TAGD virtual business meeting on September 29, 2020.
Drought monitoring, Precipitation statistics, and water balance with freely a...AngelosAlamanos
The aim of this study is to showcase and discuss these new technologies for hydrometeorological studies. Six of NASA’s web-repositories that can be used to freely download and
visualise such spatial and/or time-series factors are listed and explained with examples for Ireland: ways
to access hydrological, meteorological, soil, vegetation and socio-economic data are shown, and
estimations of various precipitations statistics, anomalies, and water balance are presented for monthly
and seasonal analyses. The advantages, disadvantages and limitations of the satellite datasets are
discussed to provide useful recommendations about their proper use, based on purpose, scale, precision,
time requirement, and modelling-expansion criteria.
Water accounting can be defined as the systematic study of the current status and future trends in water supply, demand, accessibility and use within a specified spatial domain. The concept of water accounting is based on the argument that knowledge of the current status of water resources, the capacity and condition of water supply infrastructure and trends in water demand and use is a precondition for successful water management, Land and Water Days in Near East & North Africa, 15-18 December 2013, Amman, Jordan
The Science Advisory Board (SAB) reviewed the EPA's draft assessment of the potential impacts of hydraulic fracturing on drinking water resources. The SAB found the EPA's overall approach to be appropriate but identified several areas for improvement. Specifically, the SAB had concerns about major findings in the executive summary that were ambiguous and inconsistent with uncertainties in the body of the report. The SAB recommended revising these findings to clearly link them to evidence and discuss limitations and uncertainties. Additionally, the SAB emphasized that local impacts of hydraulic fracturing can be severe and recommended the EPA better address specific cases that have raised public concern.
This document provides guidance on network design and site selection for hydro-meteorological monitoring stations. It outlines an 11-step process for optimizing an existing network, which involves assessing data needs, prioritizing objectives, determining required network density based on spatial correlation of rainfall/evaporation, reviewing the existing network, selecting additional sites and equipment if needed, estimating costs, and implementing changes. It also describes 8 aspects to consider when selecting sites, including technical, environmental, logistical, security, legal, financial, and practical site visit factors.
This document provides information and guidance on analyzing climatic data for hydrological purposes. It discusses analyzing pan evaporation data and estimating potential evapotranspiration using methods like the Penman equation. The document includes the module context, profile, session plan, overhead masters, handouts, and main text on analyzing pan evaporation, estimating potential evapotranspiration, and references.
This document provides guidance on how to review monitoring networks. It begins with an introduction on the objectives and physical characteristics that networks are based on. It then discusses the types of networks, including basic, secondary, dedicated, and representative networks. The document outlines the steps in network design, which include assessing data needs, setting objectives, determining required network density, reviewing the existing network, and conducting a cost-effectiveness analysis. Specific guidance is provided on reviewing rainfall and hydrometric networks.
This document provides guidance on validating rainfall data from different measurement instruments. It describes common rainfall measurement tools like daily rain gauges, autographic rain gauges, and tipping bucket rain gauges. It outlines potential errors from each tool and recommends comparing daily time series between tools to identify discrepancies. Discrepancies over 5% should be investigated further. Likely error sources are diagnosed based on patterns of discrepancies. The guidance aims to help validate rainfall data and make corrections to measurement tools or recorded values when necessary.
The document provides guidance on standard measurement practices and routine maintenance for three types of rain gauges:
1. Standard rain gauge (SRG): Rainfall is measured daily at 08:30 hrs by pouring rainwater from the receiver into a measure glass. Routine maintenance includes cleaning the collector and checking for leaks.
2. Autographic rain gauge (ARG): Rainfall is recorded continuously on a chart that is changed daily. Hourly rainfall values are tabulated from the chart. Routine maintenance includes cleaning parts and checking for proper siphoning.
3. Tipping bucket rain gauge (TBR): Rainfall amounts are automatically recorded by a data logger that is read out monthly. Routine maintenance follows
This document provides details on a pilot study conducted to design a rain gauge network for two sub-basins in the Mahanadi river basin in Orissa, India. Statistical analysis was performed on monthly rainfall data from 66 stations over a 26-year period. The data was validated and stations with unreliable data were removed, leaving data from 26 stations for analysis. The stations were grouped into four climatically homogeneous areas. Basic statistics including monthly averages, annual averages, and coefficients of variation were calculated for each area. The analysis found the highest rainfall in areas nearest the coast during the mid-monsoon months of July and August. About 86-89% of the annual rainfall on average occurs during the monsoon season. The results of
This document summarizes a study applying GIS to support urban water management in Can Tho City, Vietnam under changing climate conditions. Researchers collected water systems data from local agencies and standardized it in a GIS database. They developed interactive maps and a WebGIS interface to visualize this data. Key outputs included: (1) thematic maps in a Map Book highlighting water quality, infrastructure, and household access issues; and (2) a WebGIS allowing users to view and analyze layers like water pressure, quality monitoring points, and planned infrastructure improvements. These tools helped agencies better understand issues and make planning/management decisions.
Mh sw optimisation of g&d stations network of maharashtrahydrologyproject0
This document discusses optimizing the streamgauge and raingauge network for the Upper Bhima Basin in India. It provides background on hydrological information systems and networks in India. The Hydrology Project aims to improve India's capabilities for collecting and analyzing hydrological data. This study was conducted as part of the Hydrology Project to review and optimize the existing hydrometric network in Maharashtra state, which includes streamgauges and raingauges. The goal is to ensure the network is collecting the necessary data to facilitate optimal water resources use and management in the Upper Bhima Basin.
This document provides guidance on entering water level data into a hydrological data processing system. It describes how staff gauge readings, readings from autographic charts, and digital records are checked before being entered. Data can be entered for multiple daily readings, or hourly readings. Formats are provided for entering this data along with date, station information, and data limits. Graphs can then be generated to check the data entry against original records. The system also checks that computed statistics match those entered from source documents.
DSD-SEA 2019 Seasonal drought forecasting using state-of-the-art hydro softwa...Deltares
Presentation by Mr. Irfan Sudono, MT Research Center for Water Resources – Ministry of Public Works and Housing (Indonesia) at the Seminar Hydro Software to support policy development and real-time decision making, during the Deltares Software Days South-East Asia 2019. Wednesday, 27 November 2019, Bangkok.
Day 2 neno kukluric igrac- data processinggroundwatercop
This document discusses data processing and harmonization for transboundary aquifers. It involves structuring raw data into consistent digital formats, simplifying technical maps, and developing common terminology between countries. Key aspects of harmonization include agreeing on classifications, map scales, units of measurement, and report formats to integrate national data sets into a harmonized analysis of the shared aquifer. The overall goal is a standardized, collaborative assessment of transboundary groundwater resources.
Data requirements for Ganga River Basin Management Plan FRANK Water
This presentation by Prof. A.K. Gosain describes the data requirements for the Ganga River Basin Management Plan. What are the types of data sets that need to be explored and how would they be used in the studies related to GRBMP.
The document describes the Groundwater Estimation and Management System (GEMS) which is a comprehensive software solution for groundwater management in India. It provides tools for compiling, visualizing, and analyzing hydrogeological data. The key modules of GEMS include sites database, geophysical investigations, water quality studies, statistical analysis, groundwater resource estimation and mapping. It integrates GIS, spatial analysis, and statistical tools to help with tasks like aquifer mapping, water resource management, and analyzing rainfall, water level, and water quality data over time. GEMS is used by the Central Ground Water Board of India to manage groundwater resources across nine states.
The document discusses the achievements and objectives of India's Hydrology Project Phases I, II, and III.
Phase I (1995-2003) established hydrological monitoring networks across 9 states. Phase II (2006-2014) expanded these networks to 13 states and strengthened data collection, management, and decision support systems.
Phase III aims to establish integrated water resources management across all Indian states and UTs. It will upgrade groundwater and meteorological monitoring, develop spatiotemporal data and tools to support planning, and strengthen institutions for capacity building. The workshop discussed opportunities for cross-learning and identifying appropriate technologies.
Lacey Hirschvogel, MDNR, Multiple Discharger Variance, Missouri Water Seminar...Kevin Perry
This document outlines a multiple discharger variance (MDV) framework for municipalities with wastewater lagoons experiencing substantial economic impacts from compliance with total ammonia nitrogen standards. An MDV is a time-limited variance that allows multiple dischargers to meet the highest attainable effluent conditions through an adaptive management approach and public review process. Eligible municipalities must complete applications demonstrating alternatives analyses, endangered species reviews, and cost analyses. The appendices provide guidance on establishing highest attainable effluent benchmarks for lagoons, completing variance applications, and evaluating costs of compliance. The variance aims to provide 10 years for minor municipalities to meet total ammonia nitrogen standards through an adaptive management approach.
APPLICABILITY OF WEAP AS WATER MANAGEMENT DECISIONMarwan Haddad
This document describes using the Water Evaluation and Planning (WEAP) model as a decision support system (DSS) tool to evaluate water management options for the Tulkarem district in Palestine under different scenarios. Key points:
- WEAP was used to model the Tulkarem district water resources system, which includes municipal, agricultural, and other water demands and supplies.
- Stakeholder surveys identified the most important water management issues as agricultural management and physical/political water constraints.
- The model results can help water managers evaluate options to improve sustainable water resources development and management in the district.
This document outlines a policy-oriented study on remote sensing methods for agricultural drought monitoring. It describes the partners and their qualifications, defines the main objective as formulating concrete drought monitoring methods and intervention levels for key crops, and lays out the process flow and activities. Progress so far includes analysis of soil water status, time series spectral data collection, yield data assessment, and creating masks and extracting arable land from MODIS images. The outputs will be reports on soil water content, remote sensing and GIS tools for monitoring, and integrating tools and levels into monitoring systems. Reflections were provided on capacity building, report comments, and linking with other activities.
The document outlines parameters and variables as well as data sources for conducting a socio-economic and environmental assessment for Namibia. It discusses environmental aspects such as suitability of groundwater for consumption, pollution, solid waste and wastewater control, and shallow groundwater tables. It also discusses socio-economic aspects including population, groundwater abstraction, freshwater use, dependence on groundwater by industry and agriculture, and access to public water supply and sanitation. Data sources for each parameter are provided and include government agencies, utilities, and other institutions.
Sarah Backhouse of Texas Water Development Board updated TAGD members on regional water planning efforts at the TAGD virtual business meeting on September 29, 2020.
Drought monitoring, Precipitation statistics, and water balance with freely a...AngelosAlamanos
The aim of this study is to showcase and discuss these new technologies for hydrometeorological studies. Six of NASA’s web-repositories that can be used to freely download and
visualise such spatial and/or time-series factors are listed and explained with examples for Ireland: ways
to access hydrological, meteorological, soil, vegetation and socio-economic data are shown, and
estimations of various precipitations statistics, anomalies, and water balance are presented for monthly
and seasonal analyses. The advantages, disadvantages and limitations of the satellite datasets are
discussed to provide useful recommendations about their proper use, based on purpose, scale, precision,
time requirement, and modelling-expansion criteria.
Water accounting can be defined as the systematic study of the current status and future trends in water supply, demand, accessibility and use within a specified spatial domain. The concept of water accounting is based on the argument that knowledge of the current status of water resources, the capacity and condition of water supply infrastructure and trends in water demand and use is a precondition for successful water management, Land and Water Days in Near East & North Africa, 15-18 December 2013, Amman, Jordan
The Science Advisory Board (SAB) reviewed the EPA's draft assessment of the potential impacts of hydraulic fracturing on drinking water resources. The SAB found the EPA's overall approach to be appropriate but identified several areas for improvement. Specifically, the SAB had concerns about major findings in the executive summary that were ambiguous and inconsistent with uncertainties in the body of the report. The SAB recommended revising these findings to clearly link them to evidence and discuss limitations and uncertainties. Additionally, the SAB emphasized that local impacts of hydraulic fracturing can be severe and recommended the EPA better address specific cases that have raised public concern.
This document provides guidance on network design and site selection for hydro-meteorological monitoring stations. It outlines an 11-step process for optimizing an existing network, which involves assessing data needs, prioritizing objectives, determining required network density based on spatial correlation of rainfall/evaporation, reviewing the existing network, selecting additional sites and equipment if needed, estimating costs, and implementing changes. It also describes 8 aspects to consider when selecting sites, including technical, environmental, logistical, security, legal, financial, and practical site visit factors.
This document provides information and guidance on analyzing climatic data for hydrological purposes. It discusses analyzing pan evaporation data and estimating potential evapotranspiration using methods like the Penman equation. The document includes the module context, profile, session plan, overhead masters, handouts, and main text on analyzing pan evaporation, estimating potential evapotranspiration, and references.
This document provides guidance on how to review monitoring networks. It begins with an introduction on the objectives and physical characteristics that networks are based on. It then discusses the types of networks, including basic, secondary, dedicated, and representative networks. The document outlines the steps in network design, which include assessing data needs, setting objectives, determining required network density, reviewing the existing network, and conducting a cost-effectiveness analysis. Specific guidance is provided on reviewing rainfall and hydrometric networks.
This document provides guidance on validating rainfall data from different measurement instruments. It describes common rainfall measurement tools like daily rain gauges, autographic rain gauges, and tipping bucket rain gauges. It outlines potential errors from each tool and recommends comparing daily time series between tools to identify discrepancies. Discrepancies over 5% should be investigated further. Likely error sources are diagnosed based on patterns of discrepancies. The guidance aims to help validate rainfall data and make corrections to measurement tools or recorded values when necessary.
The document provides guidance on standard measurement practices and routine maintenance for three types of rain gauges:
1. Standard rain gauge (SRG): Rainfall is measured daily at 08:30 hrs by pouring rainwater from the receiver into a measure glass. Routine maintenance includes cleaning the collector and checking for leaks.
2. Autographic rain gauge (ARG): Rainfall is recorded continuously on a chart that is changed daily. Hourly rainfall values are tabulated from the chart. Routine maintenance includes cleaning parts and checking for proper siphoning.
3. Tipping bucket rain gauge (TBR): Rainfall amounts are automatically recorded by a data logger that is read out monthly. Routine maintenance follows
This document provides details on a pilot study conducted to design a rain gauge network for two sub-basins in the Mahanadi river basin in Orissa, India. Statistical analysis was performed on monthly rainfall data from 66 stations over a 26-year period. The data was validated and stations with unreliable data were removed, leaving data from 26 stations for analysis. The stations were grouped into four climatically homogeneous areas. Basic statistics including monthly averages, annual averages, and coefficients of variation were calculated for each area. The analysis found the highest rainfall in areas nearest the coast during the mid-monsoon months of July and August. About 86-89% of the annual rainfall on average occurs during the monsoon season. The results of
This document provides an overview of guidance materials for the management of surface water data within India's Hydrological Information System (HIS). It describes the lifecycle of hydrometric data from collection through analysis and publication. Key documents that provide procedures for surface water data management are the HIS Manual Surface Water and various training modules developed under the Hydrology Project. The manual and modules cover topics like network design, data collection, entry, validation, processing, analysis, and dissemination of water level, stage-discharge, and flow data. The goal is to standardize surface water data management practices across states and agencies to improve data quality and usability.
This document provides a model layout for a surface water hydrological data yearbook for a state or region. It includes sections on the table of contents, an introduction discussing the purpose and contents of the yearbook, and a sample section on water resources and life in the region. The introduction proposes including graphs, maps, data tables and articles to summarize the hydrological conditions and highlight extreme events. The goal is to make the yearbook more informative and appealing to various users through concise presentation of hydro-meteorological data and insights.
This document provides a model layout for a surface water hydrological data yearbook for a state or region. It includes sections on the table of contents, an introduction describing the purpose and contents of the yearbook, and sample sections on the water resources and hydrological monitoring networks of the region. The yearbook aims to summarize the hydro-meteorological and river conditions of the year through graphs, data tables, and analyses of extreme events. It also discusses moving from printed to electronic publication while still including essential data.
This document provides a model layout for the Surface Water Hydrological Data Yearbook for the state of <Name of State> for the year <YYYY>. It includes sections on the table of contents, introduction, water resources and life in the region, the hydrological information system, a hydrological review of the year, interpretation of statistics, and references to previous publications. The introduction discusses the purpose and structure of the new electronic and printed yearbook formats. It also proposes including informative articles on extreme hydrological events or changing patterns to make the yearbook more interesting to readers.
This document provides guidance on reporting climatic data in India. It discusses the purpose and contents of annual reports on climatic data, including evaporation data. Key points covered include:
- Annual reports summarize evaporation data for the reporting year and compare to long-term statistics.
- Reports include details on the observational network, basic evaporation statistics, data validation processes.
- Network maps and station listings provide details of monitoring locations. Statistics include monthly and annual evaporation amounts for the current year and historical averages.
- Reports aim to inform water resource planning, acknowledge data collection efforts, and provide access to climatic data records.
This document provides an overview of a Hydrological Information System (HIS) being developed for 9 states in India. It discusses the key components and activities of the HIS, which include: assessing user needs, establishing observation networks, managing historical data, collecting field data, processing and analyzing data, exchanging and reporting data, storing and disseminating data, and developing institutional and human resources. The overall goal of the HIS is to provide reliable hydrological data and information to support long-term water resources planning and management decisions in India.
This document provides information about a training module on processing stream flow data organized by the Central Training Unit of the Central Water Commission in India. The training is intended for engineers involved in reviewing, analyzing, and processing stream flow data. The document includes details about the module such as its objectives, key concepts, session plan, and evaluation suggestions. It aims to help participants learn how to analyze and process gauge-discharge data, sediment data, water quality data, bed material data, and meteorological data through methods like consistency checks and reliability assessments.
This document provides information and instructions for processing stream flow data collected at hydrological observation stations in India. It discusses the importance of processing data for correctness and consistency before publication. Key aspects of data processing include checking data forms for accuracy, developing stage-discharge relationships from gauge readings and discharge measurements, applying corrections, and ensuring consistency between station records over time. The document outlines methods for checking stage and discharge data, developing rating curves, identifying potential errors, applying adjustments, and analyzing processed data through various hydrological techniques. The overall aim is to produce reliable hydrological records of water quantity, quality and sediment levels at observation stations.
1. The document describes India's Hydrological Information System (HIS) which collects, processes, stores and disseminates hydrological data.
2. The HIS aims to provide reliable data to support long-term water resources planning and management by establishing observation networks, managing historical data, collecting and processing data, and storing and disseminating it to users.
3. Key activities of the HIS include assessing user needs, establishing and maintaining observation networks, managing historical data, collecting field data, processing and analyzing data, exchanging and reporting data, and storing and disseminating data to support water planning in India.
1. The document outlines the National Water Policy of India which establishes the need for a standardized national hydrological information system to collect, process, and disseminate reliable water resources data.
2. Key goals of the policy include maximizing water availability, integrating surface and groundwater management, preserving environmental and ecological balances, and involving stakeholders in water management.
3. The hydrological information system described in the document is intended to provide the hydrological data and analysis needed to inform planning, design, management, and policy decisions around India's water resources in accordance with the National Water Policy.
Academia: Richard Lawford, Morgan State University, 16th January UN Water Zar...water-decade
Earth observations can help monitor progress on the UN's Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) related to water. Satellite imagery and other earth observation data can be used to monitor indicators for SDG targets like water quality, water use efficiency, integrated water resource management, and natural water capital. However, establishing an earth observation-based monitoring system faces challenges like ensuring continuity of data collection, validating indicators in different climates, building national capabilities, and overcoming reluctance to adopt more open approaches. Overall, earth observations have potential to cost-effectively monitor expanded water indicators if integrated into SDG planning and prototyped through further research.
Use of Water Supply Atlas in Water Sector Performance Monitoring in UgandaIRC
Prepared by Eng. Ian Arebahona (Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Department, Ministry of Water and Environment) for the Monitoring Sustainable WASH Service Delivery Symposium, 9 - 11 April 2013, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
This document provides guidance on how to report rainfall data in yearly and periodic reports. It outlines the typical contents and structure of annual reports including descriptive summaries of rainfall patterns, comparisons to long-term averages, basic statistics, and descriptions of major storms. Periodic reports produced every 10 years would include long-term statistics updated over the previous decade as well as frequency analysis of rainfall data. The reports aim to inform stakeholders of rainfall patterns and data availability as well as validate and improve the quality of data collection.
El Kharraz - Water Information SystemsLaura Haddad
This document discusses the role of water information systems in coping with water scarcity and drought in WANA countries. It argues that policy measures should utilize existing water data and indicators from information systems. A multidisciplinary approach is needed to address water scarcity issues considering social, economic, cultural, legal and institutional factors. Data availability and reliability are essential for water planning but often inadequate in WANA countries. The document recommends developing a water scarcity and drought information system for WANA based on existing country systems and data from other regional initiatives to improve decision making. It also discusses using indicators to assess and manage scarce water resources by comparing conditions to targets and relating environmental pressures to human activities.
El Kharraz - Water Information SystemsLaura Haddad
This document discusses the role of water information systems in coping with water scarcity and drought in WANA countries. It recommends that WANA countries improve their use of existing water information systems and data to help address water scarcity issues. A key gap is the lack of accessible and reliable water data in most WANA countries. The document advocates developing a water scarcity and drought monitoring system for the WANA region based on common indicators. It analyzes various hydrological and socioeconomic indicators used for assessing water scarcity and drought. Improving data collection, management and sharing between organizations and countries in the region is important for effective monitoring, prediction and response.
This document discusses the role of water information systems in coping with water scarcity and drought in WANA countries. It argues that policy measures should utilize existing water data and indicators from information systems. A multidisciplinary approach is needed to address water scarcity issues considering social, economic, cultural, legal and institutional factors. Data availability and reliability are essential for water planning but often inadequate in WANA countries. The document recommends developing a water scarcity and drought information system for WANA based on existing country systems and data from other regional initiatives to improve decision making. It also discusses using indicators to assess and manage scarce water resources by comparing conditions to targets and relating environmental pressures to human activities.
This document provides guidance for managing sediment and water quality data within India's Hydrological Information System (HIS). It summarizes the key HIS manuals that provide procedures for monitoring, data collection, validation, analysis, dissemination and publication of sediment and water quality data. Specifically, it outlines the multi-volume HIS Manuals for Surface Water and Groundwater, which describe the lifecycle of sediment and water quality data within the HIS. It also lists some additional HPI documentation and training modules that are relevant to sediment and water quality monitoring and analysis. The overall aim is to help users navigate and understand the various documents within the HIS library to properly manage sediment and water quality data.
Development of a GIS-Based System for Management of Water Distribution Networ...IRJET Journal
This document describes the development of a GIS-based system to manage the water distribution network for Achara Layout in Enugu, Nigeria. The system was created using data on the water pipelines, parcel boundaries, and customer attributes collected from government agencies. The data was processed in ArcGIS to create basemaps and a database. Queries were used to analyze service issues, finding that 50.7% of customers have access to water while 27.73% have no access and 21.57% have non-functional connections. The management system will help improve service delivery, maintenance planning, and revenue collection for the water agency.
This document discusses institutionalizing water accounting in order to better manage water resources. It provides an overview of the International Water Management Institute (IWMI), which conducts research on innovative water solutions. Water scarcity is a growing challenge in many regions. Water accounting can help fill information gaps and support decision making by regularly reporting on water availability, use, rights, and changes over time. It discusses elements like temporal and spatial scales to consider. The benefits of water accounting include increased transparency, comparable data to guide policies, and improved awareness. Institutionalizing water accounting requires establishing purposes, data sources, stakeholders, and aligning with existing policies and plans. It is a collective effort that can help answer key questions about water management and allocation.
Capitalising on river flow data to meet changing national needs a uk perspe...hydrologywebsite1
This document discusses initiatives in the United Kingdom to maximize the strategic utility of nationally archived river flow data. It examines the need for evolution of the UK gauging station network to meet both operational and strategic information needs. Emphasis is placed on the importance of continued dialogue between data users and those responsible for data collection to fully capitalize on existing network infrastructure and data processing capabilities. Key points discussed include categorizing stations to identify those most useful for benchmarking, monitoring impacts, regionalization studies, and integrated monitoring efforts. The creation of a national benchmark network of about 100 relatively undisturbed stations is also described.
This document outlines the need for establishing operation and maintenance procedures for groundwater monitoring networks in India. It discusses how piezometers and observation wells can decline in performance over time if not properly maintained. Factors like siltation, drying up, damage, and influence from nearby pumping can affect data reliability. The document emphasizes that preventative maintenance is crucial to ensure monitoring structures continue generating accurate data to inform groundwater management policies. A well-defined maintenance program is needed to systematically inspect equipment and address any issues identified.
Similar to Download-manuals-ground water-manual-gw-volume8operationmanualdataprocessingpartv (20)
This document provides guidance on working with map layers and network layers in HYMOS, a hydrological modeling software. It describes how to obtain map layers from digitized topographic maps and remotely sensed data. It also explains how to create network layers by manually adding observation stations or importing them from another database. The document outlines how to manage and set properties for map layers and network layers within HYMOS to control visibility, styling, and other display options.
This document contains information about receiving hydrological data at different levels in India, including:
1. Data is transferred from field stations to subdivisional offices, then to divisional offices and state/regional data processing centers in stages. Target dates are set for receipt and transmission at each level to ensure smooth processing.
2. Records of receipt are maintained at each office to track data and identify delays, with feedback provided if data is not received by targets.
3. Original paper records are filed by station for easy retrieval, while digital copies are stored for long-term archiving.
The document describes a training module on understanding different types and forms of data in hydrological information systems (HIS). It was developed with funding from the World Bank and Government of the Netherlands. The module provides an overview of the session plan and covers various types of data in HIS, including space-oriented data like catchment maps, time-oriented data such as meteorological observations, and relation-oriented data like stage-discharge relationships. The goal is for participants to learn about all the different types and forms of data managed in HIS.
The document provides details on a surface water data processing plan for India. It discusses distributing data processing activities across three levels - sub-divisional, divisional, and state data processing centers. It outlines the activities, computing facilities, staffing, and time schedules needed at each level to efficiently manage the large volume of hydrological data. The plan aims to ensure data is properly validated and processed within time limits while not overwhelming staff.
This document outlines the stages of surface water data processing under the Hydrological Information System (HIS) in India. It discusses: 1) Receipt of data from field stations and storage of raw records; 2) Data entry at sub-divisional offices; 3) Validation of data through primary, secondary, and hydrological checks; 4) Completion and correction of missing or erroneous data; 5) Compilation, analysis, and reporting of validated data; 6) Transfer of data between processing levels from sub-division to division to state centers. The overall goal is to process field data in a systematic series of steps to produce quality-controlled hydrological information.
This document provides information on a training module for understanding hydrological information system (HIS) concepts and setup. It includes an introduction to HIS, why they are needed, how they are set up under the Hydrology Project. It also discusses who the key users of hydrological data are and how computers are used in hydrological data processing. The training module contains session plans, presentations, handouts, and text to educate participants on HIS objectives, components, and how they provide reliable hydrological data to various end users.
This document provides information and guidance on analyzing climatic data to estimate evaporation and evapotranspiration rates. It discusses the use of evaporation pans and appropriate pan coefficients to estimate open water evaporation from lakes and reservoirs. It also describes the Penman method for estimating potential evapotranspiration using standard climatological measurements. The Penman method combines the energy budget and mass transfer approaches and provides formulas for calculating evapotranspiration based on climatic variables like temperature, humidity, wind speed, and solar radiation. Substitutions are suggested when some climatic variables are not directly measured.
This document provides guidance on how to carry out secondary validation of climatic data. It describes various methods for validating data spatially using multiple station comparisons, including comparison plots, balance series, regression analysis, and double mass curves. It also describes single station validation tests for homogeneity, including mass curves and tests of differences in means. The document is part of a training module on secondary validation of climatic data funded by the World Bank and Government of the Netherlands. It provides context for the training and outlines the session plan, materials, and main validation methods to be covered.
This document provides guidance on how to carry out primary validation of climatic data. It discusses validating temperature, humidity, wind speed, atmospheric pressure, sunshine duration, and pan evaporation data. For each variable, it describes typical variations and measurement methods, potential errors, and approaches to error detection such as setting maximum/minimum limits. The goal of primary validation is to check for errors by comparing individual observations to physical limits and sequential observations for unacceptable changes.
This document provides guidance on entering climatic data into a hydrological data processing software called SWDES. It describes the various types of climatic data that can be entered, including daily, twice daily, hourly, and sunshine duration data. Instructions are provided on inspecting paper records, setting up data entry screens, entering values, and performing basic data validation checks. The overall aim is to make climatic data available electronically using SWDES in order to facilitate validation, processing, and reporting of the data.
The document describes a training module on analyzing rainfall data. It includes sessions on checking data homogeneity, computing basic statistics, fitting frequency distributions, and deriving frequency-duration and intensity-duration-frequency curves. Exercises are provided for trainees to practice analyzing monthly and daily rainfall series, fitting distributions, and deriving curves for different durations and return periods. Case studies from India are referenced as examples throughout the training material.
This document provides guidance on compiling rainfall data from various time intervals into longer standardized durations. It discusses aggregating hourly data into daily totals, daily data into weekly, ten-daily, monthly, and yearly totals. Methods are presented for arithmetic averaging and Thiessen polygons to estimate areal rainfall from point measurements. Guidance is also given on transforming non-equidistant time series into equidistant series and compiling extreme rainfall statistics. Examples demonstrate compiling hourly rainfall from an autographic rain gauge into daily totals and further aggregating daily point rainfall into areal averages and statistics for various durations.
This document provides guidance on correcting and completing rainfall data. It discusses using autographic rain gauge (ARG) and standard rain gauge (SRG) data to correct errors. When the SRG is faulty but ARG is available, the SRG can be corrected to match the ARG totals. When the ARG is faulty but SRG is available, hourly distributions from neighboring stations can be used to estimate hourly totals for the station based on its daily SRG total. The document also discusses correcting time shifts, apportioning partial daily accumulations, adjusting for systematic shifts using double mass analysis, and using spatial interpolation methods to estimate missing values. Examples are provided to demonstrate each technique.
This document describes a training module on how to carry out secondary validation of rainfall data. It includes the following key points:
1. Secondary validation involves comparing rainfall data to neighboring stations to identify suspect values, taking into account spatial correlation which depends on duration, distance, precipitation type, and physiography.
2. Validation methods described include screening data against limits, scrutinizing multiple time series graphs and tabulations, checking against data limits for longer durations, spatial homogeneity testing, and double mass analysis.
3. Examples demonstrate how spatial correlation varies with duration and distance, and how physiography affects correlation. Screening listings with basic statistics are used to flag suspect data values.
This document provides guidance on how to carry out primary validation of rainfall data. It discusses comparing daily rainfall measurements from a standard raingauge to those from an autographic or digital raingauge. Differences greater than 5% between the two measurements would be further investigated. Likely sources of error are outlined for each type of raingauge. The validation can be done graphically or tabularly by aggregating hourly rainfall data to daily totals and comparing. Actions are suggested based on the patterns of discrepancies found.
This document provides guidance on entering rainfall data into a dedicated hydrological data processing software (SWDES). It discusses entering daily rainfall data, twice daily rainfall data, and hourly rainfall data from manual records or digital loggers. The key steps are:
1. Manually inspecting field records for completeness and errors before data entry.
2. Entering data into customized SWDES forms that match field observation sheets. This allows direct data transfer with minimal risk of errors.
3. Performing automated checks of the entered data against limits and computed totals to ensure accuracy. Any errors are flagged for further inspection.
4. Graphing the entered time series data during the entry process as an additional validation check.
The document provides guidance on sampling surface waters for water quality analysis. It discusses selecting sampling sites that are representative of the waterbody and safely accessible. It describes three types of samples - grab samples, composite samples, and integrated samples - and when each would be used. It also outlines appropriate sampling devices and containers for different analyses, as well as procedures for sample handling, preservation, and identification. The overall aim is to collect samples that accurately represent water quality without significant changes prior to analysis.
The document describes methods for hydrological observations including rainfall, water level, discharge, and inspection of observation stations. It contains sections on ordinary and recording rainfall observation, ordinary and recording water level observation, observation of discharge using current meters and floats, and inspection of rainfall and water level observation stations. The document was produced by the Ministry of Construction in Japan.
This document provides guidance on how to review monitoring networks. It begins with an introduction on the objectives and physical characteristics that networks are based on. It then discusses the types of networks, including basic, secondary, dedicated, and representative networks. The document outlines the steps in network design, which include assessing data needs, setting objectives, determining required network density, reviewing the existing network, and conducting a cost-effectiveness analysis. Specific guidance is given on reviewing rainfall and hydrometric networks.
This document provides information on how to carry out correlation and spectral analysis. It discusses autocovariance and autocorrelation functions, cross-covariance and cross-correlation functions, and various spectrum and spectral density functions. The document includes examples and explanations of how to estimate these functions from time series data and interpret the results. It also discusses how these analysis techniques can be used to identify periodicities and correlations in hydrological time series data.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 6DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 6. In this session, we will cover Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI.
UiPath Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI webinar offers an in-depth exploration of leveraging cutting-edge technologies for test automation within the UiPath platform. Attendees will delve into the integration of generative AI, a test automation solution, with Open AI advanced natural language processing capabilities.
Throughout the session, participants will discover how this synergy empowers testers to automate repetitive tasks, enhance testing accuracy, and expedite the software testing life cycle. Topics covered include the seamless integration process, practical use cases, and the benefits of harnessing AI-driven automation for UiPath testing initiatives. By attending this webinar, testers, and automation professionals can gain valuable insights into harnessing the power of AI to optimize their test automation workflows within the UiPath ecosystem, ultimately driving efficiency and quality in software development processes.
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into integrating generative AI.
2. Understanding how this integration enhances test automation within the UiPath platform
3. Practical demonstrations
4. Exploration of real-world use cases illustrating the benefits of AI-driven test automation for UiPath
Topics covered:
What is generative AI
Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI.
UiPath integration with generative AI
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Threats to mobile devices are more prevalent and increasing in scope and complexity. Users of mobile devices desire to take full advantage of the features
available on those devices, but many of the features provide convenience and capability but sacrifice security. This best practices guide outlines steps the users can take to better protect personal devices and information.
Sudheer Mechineni, Head of Application Frameworks, Standard Chartered Bank
Discover how Standard Chartered Bank harnessed the power of Neo4j to transform complex data access challenges into a dynamic, scalable graph database solution. This keynote will cover their journey from initial adoption to deploying a fully automated, enterprise-grade causal cluster, highlighting key strategies for modelling organisational changes and ensuring robust disaster recovery. Learn how these innovations have not only enhanced Standard Chartered Bank’s data infrastructure but also positioned them as pioneers in the banking sector’s adoption of graph technology.
Full-RAG: A modern architecture for hyper-personalizationZilliz
Mike Del Balso, CEO & Co-Founder at Tecton, presents "Full RAG," a novel approach to AI recommendation systems, aiming to push beyond the limitations of traditional models through a deep integration of contextual insights and real-time data, leveraging the Retrieval-Augmented Generation architecture. This talk will outline Full RAG's potential to significantly enhance personalization, address engineering challenges such as data management and model training, and introduce data enrichment with reranking as a key solution. Attendees will gain crucial insights into the importance of hyperpersonalization in AI, the capabilities of Full RAG for advanced personalization, and strategies for managing complex data integrations for deploying cutting-edge AI solutions.
Communications Mining Series - Zero to Hero - Session 1DianaGray10
This session provides introduction to UiPath Communication Mining, importance and platform overview. You will acquire a good understand of the phases in Communication Mining as we go over the platform with you. Topics covered:
• Communication Mining Overview
• Why is it important?
• How can it help today’s business and the benefits
• Phases in Communication Mining
• Demo on Platform overview
• Q/A
Infrastructure Challenges in Scaling RAG with Custom AI modelsZilliz
Building Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems with open-source and custom AI models is a complex task. This talk explores the challenges in productionizing RAG systems, including retrieval performance, response synthesis, and evaluation. We’ll discuss how to leverage open-source models like text embeddings, language models, and custom fine-tuned models to enhance RAG performance. Additionally, we’ll cover how BentoML can help orchestrate and scale these AI components efficiently, ensuring seamless deployment and management of RAG systems in the cloud.
Maruthi Prithivirajan, Head of ASEAN & IN Solution Architecture, Neo4j
Get an inside look at the latest Neo4j innovations that enable relationship-driven intelligence at scale. Learn more about the newest cloud integrations and product enhancements that make Neo4j an essential choice for developers building apps with interconnected data and generative AI.
Why You Should Replace Windows 11 with Nitrux Linux 3.5.0 for enhanced perfor...SOFTTECHHUB
The choice of an operating system plays a pivotal role in shaping our computing experience. For decades, Microsoft's Windows has dominated the market, offering a familiar and widely adopted platform for personal and professional use. However, as technological advancements continue to push the boundaries of innovation, alternative operating systems have emerged, challenging the status quo and offering users a fresh perspective on computing.
One such alternative that has garnered significant attention and acclaim is Nitrux Linux 3.5.0, a sleek, powerful, and user-friendly Linux distribution that promises to redefine the way we interact with our devices. With its focus on performance, security, and customization, Nitrux Linux presents a compelling case for those seeking to break free from the constraints of proprietary software and embrace the freedom and flexibility of open-source computing.
GraphSummit Singapore | The Future of Agility: Supercharging Digital Transfor...Neo4j
Leonard Jayamohan, Partner & Generative AI Lead, Deloitte
This keynote will reveal how Deloitte leverages Neo4j’s graph power for groundbreaking digital twin solutions, achieving a staggering 100x performance boost. Discover the essential role knowledge graphs play in successful generative AI implementations. Plus, get an exclusive look at an innovative Neo4j + Generative AI solution Deloitte is developing in-house.
Climate Impact of Software Testing at Nordic Testing DaysKari Kakkonen
My slides at Nordic Testing Days 6.6.2024
Climate impact / sustainability of software testing discussed on the talk. ICT and testing must carry their part of global responsibility to help with the climat warming. We can minimize the carbon footprint but we can also have a carbon handprint, a positive impact on the climate. Quality characteristics can be added with sustainability, and then measured continuously. Test environments can be used less, and in smaller scale and on demand. Test techniques can be used in optimizing or minimizing number of tests. Test automation can be used to speed up testing.
Dr. Sean Tan, Head of Data Science, Changi Airport Group
Discover how Changi Airport Group (CAG) leverages graph technologies and generative AI to revolutionize their search capabilities. This session delves into the unique search needs of CAG’s diverse passengers and customers, showcasing how graph data structures enhance the accuracy and relevance of AI-generated search results, mitigating the risk of “hallucinations” and improving the overall customer journey.
GraphRAG for Life Science to increase LLM accuracyTomaz Bratanic
GraphRAG for life science domain, where you retriever information from biomedical knowledge graphs using LLMs to increase the accuracy and performance of generated answers
Building Production Ready Search Pipelines with Spark and MilvusZilliz
Spark is the widely used ETL tool for processing, indexing and ingesting data to serving stack for search. Milvus is the production-ready open-source vector database. In this talk we will show how to use Spark to process unstructured data to extract vector representations, and push the vectors to Milvus vector database for search serving.
How to Get CNIC Information System with Paksim Ga.pptxdanishmna97
Pakdata Cf is a groundbreaking system designed to streamline and facilitate access to CNIC information. This innovative platform leverages advanced technology to provide users with efficient and secure access to their CNIC details.
1. Government of India & Government of The Netherlands
DHV CONSULTANTS &
DELFT HYDRAULICS with
HALCROW, TAHAL, CES,
ORG & JPS
VOLUME 8
DATA PROCESSING AND ANALYSIS
OPERATION MANUAL – PART V
GROUNDWATER YEAR BOOK
2. Operation Manual – Data Processing and Analysis (GW) Volume 8 – Part V
Data Processing and Analysis March 2003 Page i
Table of Contents
PREFACE iv
1 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 SALIENT STATISTICS 2
2 DRAINAGE CHARACTERISTICS 3
3 GEOLOGY AND STRUCTURES 4
4 SOIL TYPES 5
5 SUB-SURFACE LITHOLOGY 6
6 TYPICAL GROUNDWATER ISSUES OF THE AREA 7
7 SETUP IN THE GROUNDWATER AGENCY 8
8 HYDROLOGICAL INFORMATION SYSTEM - HIS 10
8.1 WATER LEVEL NETWORK 10
8.1.1 NETWORK STATUS FOR THE REPORTING YEAR 10
8.1.2 MONITORING AND PROCESSING 10
8.1.3 DATA COLLECTION FOR THE REPORTING YEAR 10
9 WATER QUALITY NETWORK 12
9.1 NETWORK STATUS FOR THE REPORTING YEAR 12
9.2 MONITORING AND PROCESSING 12
10 HYDRO-METEOROLOGY NETWORK 13
10.1 NETWORK STATUS FOR THE REPORTING YEAR 13
10.2 MONITORING AND PROCESSING 13
10.3 DATA COLLECTION FOR THE REPORTING YEAR 13
11 ORGANISATION OF GROUNDWATER DATA IN HIS 14
12 SEMI-STATIC DATA 15
12.1 CROPPING SYSTEM FOR THE REPORTING PERIOD 15
13 DYNAMIC DATA 16
13.1 REVIEW OF CLIMATE AND RAINFALL FOR THE REPORTING PERIOD 16
13.2 REVIEW OF SURFACE RUN OFF FOR THE REPORTING PERIOD 18
14 REVIEW OF GROUNDWATER LEVEL CHANGES FOR THE REPORTING PERIOD 19
15 REVIEW OF GROUNDWATER FLOW SYSTEM CHARACTERISTICS FOR THE
REPORTING YEAR 21
16 REVIEW OF THE GROUNDWATER, GROUNDWATER QUALITY CHANGES FOR THE
REPORTING YEAR 22
17 ESTIMATION OF GROUNDWATER RESOURCE AVAILABILITY FOR THE
REPORTING YEAR 24
18 RECOMMENDATION FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF GROUNDWATER 25
ANNEX I: TABLE GROUNDWATER OBSERVATION WELLS 26
3. Operation Manual – Data Processing and Analysis (GW) Volume 8 – Part V
Data Processing and Analysis March 2003 Page ii
ANNEX II: TABLE GROUNDWATER QUALITY OBSERVATION WELLS 27
ANNEX III: CONTACT ADDRESS OF THE DATA PROCESSING CENTRES 28
ANNEX IV: TABLE SHOWING LIST OF RAINGAUGE STATIONS 29
ANNEX V: TABLE SHOWING LIST OF PIEZOMETERS FORMING PART OF
MONITORING NETWORK 30
ANNEX VI: GROUNDWATER LEVEL CHANGES FROM 1995 TO 2001 AND 2000 TO 2001 31
ANNEX VII: GROUNDWATER RESOURCE ESTIMATION 32
ANNEX VIII: CHEMICAL ANALYSIS DATA REPORT 33
4. Operation Manual – Data Processing and Analysis (GW) Volume 8 – Part V
Data Processing and Analysis March 2003 Page i
Groundwater Year Book
Insert a picture
Map
or
graph
or
photograph
that would be relevant to the information provided
<Data updated till >
< Year of publishing>
<Agency Name>
<The Data Storage Centre >
<Mailing Address>
<Tel>
<E-mail>
<Website>
<Fax>
5. Operation Manual – Data Processing and Analysis (GW) Volume 8 – Part V
Data Processing and Analysis March 2003 Page ii
FOREWORD
<The yearbook may include a foreword by an officer considered suitable by the agency. This person
can typically be the Director/Chief Engineer who has the overall authority and responsibility of the
functioning of the HIS in that agency>
6. Operation Manual – Data Processing and Analysis (GW) Volume 8 – Part V
Data Processing and Analysis March 2003 Page iii
COMPILED BY
<Names of Officers associated with the preparation of Year Book Designations>
Edited by
Name & Address.
7. Operation Manual – Data Processing and Analysis (GW) Volume 8 – Part V
Data Processing and Analysis March 2003 Page iv
PREFACE
The Groundwater Year Book is a compilation of information on the groundwater level and quality
monitoring network. The Year Book also provides an interpretation of the hydrogeological system,
groundwater resource distribution, water level and water quality trends. The need for the Year Book
has been recognised based on regular enquiries received from a variety of groundwater users
including managers, planners and concerned citizens. The Year book organises the different data
being regularly sought in a systematic fashion.
The Groundwater Year book summarises the details of the monitoring network, comprising of
…………… monitoring wells, includes ………… dug wells, ………… bore wells, ……… and tube
wells. The publication gives details of the locations of …………… piezometers for which lithological
data is available, summary of seasonal water level monitoring from year
……….. to …………., high frequency water level data from ……………. piezometers from year
………. to ………., water quality data from year ………. to ………., pumping test data from …………
piezometers and groundwater resource estimation updated to…………….
The Groundwater Year Book gives details on the data collection network, aquifer systems
represented, existing and emerging groundwater issues and an "overview of groundwater
development and management strategies". Keeping in view the users from academic circles,
information on the administrative setup, physiography, landuse, geology, and soil is also included.
The organisation of the Year Book is such that the user will be able to get information on:
• Groundwater levels, fluctuation pattern and comparison with the past,
• Groundwater resource availability in the different districts and the changing trends,
• Potential and emerging issues in ground water quantity and quality,
• Areas for further studies and investigations,
• Institutional and Legal Issues, and
• Integrated Water management for sustainable development-sustainable solutions.
The report has to clearly identify the common concerns of the groundwater user/beneficiary:
• declining water levels in …………….. areas,
• declining water quality due to industrial pollution/poor sanitation in ………….. areas,
• rising water levels that could lead to water logging in ………….. irrigation command,
• over exploitation in …………….,
• saline water intrusion in …………….,
• arsenic and fluoride issues that need better designs of borewells/ tube wells,
• heavy erosion and gulling leading to reduced recharge in …………….,
• water management problems and policies, and
• need for legal instruments in harmonizing opposing interests.
It is earnestly desired that the concerns listed will be appreciated by the different stakeholders and
departments, and appropriate remedial actions will be taken. The Department will be only too keen to
provide any clarification and detailed interaction on specific issues. The department invites different
agencies to interact with it in taking up studies and research in areas of common concern. This report
can be made available in electronic format to registered groundwater data users.
8. Operation Manual – Data Processing and Analysis (GW) Volume 8 – Part V
Data Processing and Analysis March 2003 Page 1
1 INTRODUCTION
A fully functional HIS will provide easy access to the different variety of data required for bringing out
detailed report/Year book. The main activity with respect to reporting will be analysis and
interpretation. The analysed data need to be transformed as information and made available to the
data users. The major users are planners, water resource managers, administrators and
institutions/individuals concerned with development and protection of the water resource. The ground
water year book should aim at providing the answers for the different questions in the minds of the
different variety of users. In the past before the implementation of HIS, bulk of the time in the Head
quarters was spent on systematic organisation of data received in different formats from the different
offices. Implementation of HIS has made this task simple as the data now comes organised in data
bases from the different DPC. The effort should be to carry out higher level validations, analysis and
interpretation for converting the data into information. The contents and design of Year Book should
be such that it becomes an important medium to dissemination of the results of systematic data
collection.
It is very important to publish the yearbooks in different forms. The traditional way of bringing out the
year book as printed documents shall still be continued but with reduced number. The most popular
medium should be as electronic yearbook presented in the form of CD or may even be accessible (in
controlled manner as per the guidelines of the agency) through internet. The electronic yearbooks and
the printed document shall have the same content.
Keeping in mind the huge volume of data available because of the improved network, high frequency
monitoring, improved laboratories and state of art hardware and software in the Data Centre, the style
of presentation needs to be in the form of graphs, maps and pictures. Raw field data need not be
published in the Year book. The Year book should generate the necessary interest in the readers to
approach the Agencies for field data after making the necessary payments/seeking permission.
Annexes should contain annual summary of different parameter compared with average/normal
values/historical values. The approach should be to present to the viewer significant trends in the
ground water resource availability, water level fluctuations, water quality changes and rainfall pattern.
The impact of water level/quality fluctuation on the ground water resource availability, water quality
contamination, ground water recharge, drought, water logging etc need to be presented pictorially as
maps, graphs, photographs.
Issues of common concern like droughts, overexploitation, water quality contamination, lowering of
water levels etc need to prioritised for elaboration in the year book. The role of planners, managers,
academicians and individual water user in ensuring sustainability of the resource should be clearly
brought out. The effort should be to keep the presentation as simple as possible with minimum use of
technical jargon. The approach should be to increase the awareness levels as well as identify areas of
concern. The year book presented is a model and the text used need not be adopted as such, but
should help to define a style for the yearbook. The model provides enough scope for adaptation
depending upon the concerns of the area being reported.
9. Operation Manual – Data Processing and Analysis (GW) Volume 8 – Part V
Data Processing and Analysis March 2003 Page 2
1.1SALIENT STATISTICS
• Area : ------- Sq.kms.
• Geographical co-ordinates:
• Districts : (no)
• Taluks : (no)
• Blocks : (no)
• Villages : (no)
• Geology :
• Major rivers :
• Tributaries :
• Watershed :
• Cropping Pattern :
• Irrigation sources : Tanks
Canals
Wells
• Climate :
• Temperature : Mean Minimum Temperature
Mean Maximum Temperature
• Average Annual Rainfall :
NE Monsoon Rainfall :
SW Monsoon Rainfall :
Monitoring System
Piezometers in the network :
Dug Well in the network :
DWLR Installed :
Full Climatic Stations (FCS) :
Automatic Rainfall Stations (ARG) :
Non Automatic Rainfall Stations :
10. Operation Manual – Data Processing and Analysis (GW) Volume 8 – Part V
Data Processing and Analysis March 2003 Page 3
2 DRAINAGE CHARACTERISTICS
Figure 2.1.: Drainage map showing the major basins and sub-basins
<Describe the major drainage systems, drainage characteristics, delineate basin/sub-basin.>
<Describe the flood patterns and flow periods.>
<Describe the major reservoirs, canals, minor irrigation tanks and water harvesting ponds.>
11. Operation Manual – Data Processing and Analysis (GW) Volume 8 – Part V
Data Processing and Analysis March 2003 Page 4
3 GEOLOGY AND STRUCTURES
<List the main rock types, their distribution and mode of occurrence of groundwater in the different
rock.>
<Describe the prominent water bearing zones (weathered, fractured) in the different rock types that
act as good aquifers.>
<Describe the major structural features that occur in the area and their role in groundwater
occurrence.>
<List the major formations that are tapped by the existing wells. Compute the annual groundwater
draft from different geological units.>
Area Rock Type Prominent aquifers Annual groundwater draft
Table 3.1: Geology and aquifer system
Figure 3.1:
Geology structure map of the area
12. Operation Manual – Data Processing and Analysis (GW) Volume 8 – Part V
Data Processing and Analysis March 2003 Page 5
4 SOIL TYPES
<Describe the main soil types, depth of weathering and the fertility status.>
<List the prominent characteristics of the soil and the nature of weathering and gulling.>
<Identify the soil types that favour groundwater recharge and the mechanisms that can be adopted for
inducing artificial recharge.>
<List the areas or irrigation commands that are prone to soil salinity.>
<List the popular in-organic fertilizers, application rate and their impact on the groundwater and
surface water quality.>
Figure 4.1:
Soil Map of the area
S. No. District Saline
Coastal
Alluvium
River
alluvium
Black
Cotton soil
Red sandy
soil
Deep Red
soil
Table 4.1: Distribution of major soil types
Source:
13. Operation Manual – Data Processing and Analysis (GW) Volume 8 – Part V
Data Processing and Analysis March 2003 Page 6
5 SUB-SURFACE LITHOLOGY
<Describe the prominent lithology encountered and their variations if any laterally or vertically.>
<Describe typical lithological cross sections.>
Figure 5.1:
Fence Diagram showing lithological
section
Figure 5.2:
Map showing the major lithological sections
of the area
14. Operation Manual – Data Processing and Analysis (GW) Volume 8 – Part V
Data Processing and Analysis March 2003 Page 7
6 TYPICAL GROUNDWATER ISSUES OF THE AREA
Figure 6.1:
Administrative Map of the State
<Describe groundwater development status in important cities, towns and industrial areas>.
<Identify the role of groundwater in meeting the drinking water supply requirements in the urban and
rural areas and the total annual groundwater draft for drinking water supply.>
<Identify the role of groundwater in meeting the agricultural requirements.>
<Identify Periods/Areas of groundwater stress/abundance>
<Identify areas showing groundwater quality problems (pollution, salinity) >
<List areas showing groundwater depletion.>
< List the priorities under the HIS for monitoring all the different issues met with in the area. >
15. Operation Manual – Data Processing and Analysis (GW) Volume 8 – Part V
Data Processing and Analysis March 2003 Page 8
7 SETUP IN THE GROUNDWATER AGENCY
The Groundwater department was established in ……………., with the main objectives of:
• Xxxxxxx
• Xxxxxxxx
The head office is located in………………. There are …………… district/Division field level offices.
The Department has ………….. scientific staff and Engineers whose academic background range
from Graduate Engineers, Postgraduates and Doctorates in Geology, Chemistry, Physics, and
Statistics. The Department has also field level laboratories and Data Centers. The administrative set
up of the department is as given in the flow chart.
Figure 7.1: Organisational chart
The monitoring is carried out by trained field staff who operate from the different field offices. The field
data are systematically organised, validated and analysed in the District Data Processing Centre
(DDPC). The data from the DDPC is transferred to the State Data Processing Center (SDPC) for
higher level validations and integration with neighbouring districts/basins. The data will be made
available to the registered Hydrology Data User Group (HDUG) member agencies through the State
Data Storage Centre (SDC)
ADDITIONAL DIRECTOR - GW
JOINT DIRECTOR
SOUTH ZONE
SENIOR GEOLOGIST
DISTRICT LEVEL
GEOLOGISTS
JOINT DIRECTOR
NORTH ZONE
SENIOR GEOLOGIST
DISTRICT LEVEL
DIRECTOR of MINES & GEOLOGY
GEOLOGISTS
16. Operation Manual – Data Processing and Analysis (GW) Volume 8 – Part V
Data Processing and Analysis March 2003 Page 9
Figure 7.2: Data mobility diagram
Major tasks undertaken by the Groundwater Agency include:
• Groundwater Exploration
• Remote Sensing Study
• Exploratory Drilling
• Groundwater level Monitoring
• Groundwater quality Monitoring
• Groundwater Resource Estimation studies
• Consultancy Service
• Watershed Management
• R&D Studies
The variety of dynamic data being monitored include is as given in Table 2.1:
1. Rainfall Daily rainfall data collected from ………. raingauge stations.
2. High Frequency Water Level Hourly/ 6 hourly water level data from …………piezometers.
3 Manual Water Level Manual water level ………. readings a year from ……… dug
wells
3. Water Quality Water Quality data from ………… stations for trend,
………….surveillance, ………………….
4. Lithology Lithological data from …………..bore holes drilled
5. Pumping test Hydrogeological parameters from the borehole drilled.
6. Village wise Hydrogeological
particulars
Hydrogeological particulars of the villages falling in this
district.
7. Groundwater Estimation Block level groundwater recharge, extraction and the
balance potential available for future development.
Table 7.1: Listing of dynamic data being monitored
Observation StationObservation Station
District/DivisionDistrict/Division
Data CenterData Center
Regional Data ProcessingRegional Data Processing
CenterCenter
State Data ProcessingState Data Processing
CenterCenter
Data StorageData Storage
CenterCenter
USER
Water Quality LabWater Quality Lab
Level IILevel II
Water Quality Lab
Level II+
Water Quality LabWater Quality Lab
Level II+Level II+
APSGW D
DATA FLOWDATADATA FLOWFLOW
17. Operation Manual – Data Processing and Analysis (GW) Volume 8 – Part V
Data Processing and Analysis March 2003 Page 10
8 HYDROLOGICAL INFORMATION SYSTEM - HIS
8.1WATER LEVEL NETWORK
8.1.1 NETWORK STATUS FOR THE REPORTING YEAR
The water level monitoring network consists of …………..observation dug-wells which are privately
owned, tapping the phreatic aquifer down to a maximum depth of ………… mtrs. Apart from the dug
wells the network comprises of ………… dedicated piezometers, which have been constructed
exclusively for water level and water quality monitoring. The piezometers tap the shallow unconfined
aquifer/confined aquifer down to a depth of ……………. mtrs.
8.1.2 MONITORING AND PROCESSING
The objectives of the water level monitoring is to:
• detect impact of groundwater recharge and abstractions,
• monitor the groundwater level changes,
• assess depth to water level,
• detect long term trends,
• compute the groundwater resource availability,
• assess the stage of development
• design management strategies at regional level.
8.1.3 DATA COLLECTION FOR THE REPORTING YEAR
Mention the number of monitoring wells that generated
• complete data,
• partial data
• the number of observation wells where monitoring was affected due to repair or failure of the
monitoring structure,
• repair of the instrument,
• new sites added
• sites that were affected due to natural calamities
• sites affected due to vandalism.
18. Operation Manual – Data Processing and Analysis (GW) Volume 8 – Part V
Data Processing and Analysis March 2003 Page 11
77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
Adilabad
Anantapur
Chitoor
Cuddapah
East Godavari
Guntur
Hyderabad
Karimnagar
Khammam
Krishna
Kurnool
Mahbubnagar
Medak
Nalgonda
Nellore
Nizamabad
Prakasam
Srikakulam
Visakhapatnam
Vizianagaram
Warangal
West Godavari
Figure 8.1: Location map of water level and quality monitoring network
19. Operation Manual – Data Processing and Analysis (GW) Volume 8 – Part V
Data Processing and Analysis March 2003 Page 12
9 WATER QUALITY NETWORK
9.1NETWORK STATUS FOR THE REPORTING YEAR
The water quality monitoring network consists of …………..observation dug-wells which are privately
owned, tapping the phreatic aquifer down to a maximum depth of ………… mtrs. Apart from the dug
wells the network comprises of ………… dedicated piezometers, which have been constructed
exclusively for water level and water quality monitoring. The piezometers tap the shallow unconfined
aquifer/confined aquifer down to a depth of ……………. mtrs.
9.2MONITORING AND PROCESSING
The objectives of the water quality monitoring network is to:
• establish the bench mark for different water quality parameters, and
• compare the different parameters against the national standards,
• detect water quality changes with time,
• identify potential areas that show rising trend,
• detect potential pollution sources
• study the impact of land use and industrialization on groundwater quality.
• Data collection for the reporting Year
The frequency of monitoring for groundwater levels:
Dug wells: ………………times a year
Piezometers: ……………… hourly
The frequency of monitoring for groundwater quality is:
…………. Wells for Base level monitoring (…………. times a year)
…………. Wells for trend monitoring (……………….. times a year)
………….. Wells for surveillance monitoring (……… times a year)
20. Operation Manual – Data Processing and Analysis (GW) Volume 8 – Part V
Data Processing and Analysis March 2003 Page 13
10 HYDRO-METEOROLOGY NETWORK
10.1 NETWORK STATUS FOR THE REPORTING YEAR
List the Hydro-meteorology network details on number of FCS, ARG and SRG.
Figure 10.1
Drainage network map
10.2 MONITORING AND PROCESSING
List the objectives of the Hydro-meteorology network:
10.3 DATA COLLECTION FOR THE REPORTING YEAR
Summarise the major meteorological events and its influence on the ground water system
21. Operation Manual – Data Processing and Analysis (GW) Volume 8 – Part V
Data Processing and Analysis March 2003 Page 14
11 ORGANISATION OF GROUNDWATER DATA IN HIS
The monitoring data are systematically organised in the HIS data base, including:
• well inventory
• exploratory drilling
• pumping test data
• logging
• water level,
• water quality
• rainfall data
• meteorological data
The database contains ……………… groundwater level data from ……….. wells and …………
groundwater quality analysis results. The data has been systematically validated and has passed
through strict quality checks. It has also been ensured that the monitoring wells are systematically
maintained. GIS dataset generated on 50,000 scale is also part of the database. A dedicated
Groundwater Evaluation and Management Software (GEMS) with analytical and statistical software is
used for making two dimensional hydrogeological sections, cross sections, maps and graphical plots.
The software also computes the groundwater resource availability for specified administrative/
drainage units. GIS data sets on 50,000 scale for 10 different themes are also used for understanding
the interaction of different components in groundwater occurrence and movement.
The monitoring data are systematically organised in the HIS data base, including:
• well inventory
• exploratory drilling
• pumping test data
• logging
• water level,
• water quality
• rainfall data
• meteorological data
Figure 11.1:
Location of District Data Processing
Center (DDPC)
22. Operation Manual – Data Processing and Analysis (GW) Volume 8 – Part V
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12 SEMI-STATIC DATA
12.1 CROPPING SYSTEM FOR THE REPORTING PERIOD
<List the areas based on groundwater for irrigation, crops cultivated, type of wells, cropping season
and total annual draft.>
<Mention the areas under dry crops, and critical irrigation if any from groundwater.>
<Compare the groundwater requirement for different crops.>
<Estimate the total evapotranspiration from different crops.>
<Estimate the return flow available as recharge from flooding in rice and sugarcane field plots.>
<Identify the scope for improving the irrigation efficiency.>
<Mention the role of watershed management in prolonging soil moisture availability and thus reducing
crop water demand.>
S. No. District Percentage of major
soil group
Cropping pattern
Table 12.1: Crops grown in major soil types
23. Operation Manual – Data Processing and Analysis (GW) Volume 8 – Part V
Data Processing and Analysis March 2003 Page 16
13 DYNAMIC DATA
13.1 REVIEW OF CLIMATE AND RAINFALL FOR THE REPORTING PERIOD
<Describe the characteristics of the rainfall and its distribution>
<Average annual rainfall: ……………….mm.>
Rainfall in mmSeasons Period
Reporting
period
Normal
Percentage deviation
Winter
Hot weather period
Southwest Monsoon
Northeast Monsoon
Total 100.00
Table 13.1: Season wise normal rainfall (50 years)
Source:
<Construct an Isoheytal map for the reporting year and compare with the normal rainfall to understand
the deviation from the normal.>
Figure 13.1: Isoheytal map
24. Operation Manual – Data Processing and Analysis (GW) Volume 8 – Part V
Data Processing and Analysis March 2003 Page 17
Figure 13.2: Histogram of normal annual rainfall
Figure 13.3: Composite Rainfall and water level graph
25. Operation Manual – Data Processing and Analysis (GW) Volume 8 – Part V
Data Processing and Analysis March 2003 Page 18
13.2 REVIEW OF SURFACE RUN OFF FOR THE REPORTING PERIOD
<Assess total run off generated (select stations) for the reporting year and compare with the last year
or few years (Discharge Hydrograph).>
<Assess the erosion pattern, flooding and recharge pattern.>
Figure 13.4: rainfall-run off hydrograph
Comparison of Basin Rainfall & Runoff
Basin Rainfall Basin Runoff
Time
27-09-9720-09-9713-09-9706-09-9730-08-9723-08-9716-08-9709-08-9702-08-9726-07-9719-07-97
Rainfall(mm)
190
180
170
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Runoff[m³/sec]
1,400
1,300
1,200
1,100
1,000
900
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
26. Operation Manual – Data Processing and Analysis (GW) Volume 8 – Part V
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14 REVIEW OF GROUNDWATER LEVEL CHANGES FOR THE
REPORTING PERIOD
<Describe the typical long-term water level hydrographs. Show typical examples of villages showing
rising water level trends and declining water levels trends.>
<Describe the typical long-term water level hydrographs for typical areas (coastal areas, irrigation
commands, over-exploited areas, delta areas, areas close to riverbeds).>
<Study multiple hydrographs from a number of wells within a watershed to understand the
groundwater dynamics. Assess the water level chages in multi-aquifer system.>
<Delineate areas showing typical long-term water level trends (enclose list of villages).>
<Describe typical high frequency water level monitoring hydrographs and their significance.>
<Explain the recharge – rainfall response for different rainfall intensities>
<Explain the recharge –rainfall response for different rainfall intensities.>
Figure 14.1: Long term Water level hydrograph from observation well
27. Operation Manual – Data Processing and Analysis (GW) Volume 8 – Part V
Data Processing and Analysis March 2003 Page 20
Figure 14.2: Composite hydrograph of high frequency water level monitoring
Figure 14.3: Multiple hydrograph of high frequency water level monitoring
28. Operation Manual – Data Processing and Analysis (GW) Volume 8 – Part V
Data Processing and Analysis March 2003 Page 21
15 REVIEW OF GROUNDWATER FLOW SYSTEM
CHARACTERISTICS FOR THE REPORTING YEAR
<Generate water level fluctuation contour maps using data for the reporting period and the last
year/year average (pre and post monsoon) from all the monitoring wells tapping a single aquifer in the
network.>
<Generate water level elevation contour maps using data for the reporting period (pre/post monsoon)
from all the monitoring wells tapping a single aquifer in the network.>
<From the generated map assess the gradient of groundwater flow, determine the flow path, and
delineate the recharge and discharge area. Detect any change in flow gradient or path as compared
to the previous years.>
<Generate maps for all the different aquifers and assess the gradient of groundwater flow for the
different aquifers. Assess nature of contact/mixing between aquifers.>
<Assess the groundwater flow through the aquifer system using supporting data (rainfall, runoff,
recharge, and draft).>
<Generate Groundwater worthy map.>
Figure 15.1:
Water Level Elevation Contour Map
29. Operation Manual – Data Processing and Analysis (GW) Volume 8 – Part V
Data Processing and Analysis March 2003 Page 22
> 1.5 mg/l
6%1.0 - 1.5
mg/l
13%
1.0 mg/l
81%
Fluoride level in Tamilnadu - July 2001
GOOD
POOR
MODERATE
76.5 77 77.5 78 78.5 79 79.5 80
8.5
9
9.5
10
10.5
11
11.5
12
12.5
13
13.5
Fluoride mg/l
Chennai
Tiruvallur
Kancheepuram
Vellore
Tiruvannamalai
Villupuram
Cuddalore
Thanjavur Tiruvarur
Nagapattinam
Dharmapuri
Salem
Namakkal
Erode
Coimbatore
Nilgiris
Dindigul
Trichy
Karur
Perambalur
Pudukottai
SivagangaiMadurai
Theni
Ramanathapuram
Virudhunagar
Tirunelveli
Thoothukudi
Kanyakumari 0
1
1.5
16 REVIEW OF THE GROUNDWATER, GROUNDWATER QUALITY
CHANGES FOR THE REPORTING YEAR
<Describe the groundwater quality monitoring network, frequency of monitoring, list of laboratories
and parameters analysed.>
<Show sample hydrograph depicting the changing trends in water quality for different parameters. List
the parameters that show higher levels of concentration or show increasing trend.>
<Describe the chemical quality of groundwater in the different aquifers; assess the parameters that
show higher levels of concentration or show increasing trend.>
<Generate water quality contour maps for specific parameters using analysed results of the reporting
period (pre/post monsoon) from all the monitoring wells tapping a single aquifer in the network.>
<From the generated map assess the pattern of contaminant transport, delineate areas showing high
concentration, identify polluting sources if any (natural/industrial).>
<Generate water quality maps, diagrams for the different aquifers. Assess nature of contact/mixing of
contaminants if any between aquifers.>
<Assess the rate of dilution or increasing concentration. Study the impact of rainfall, surface face
water bodies, and recharge and excess draft on groundwater quality.>
Figure 16.1: Groundwater quality map
30. Operation Manual – Data Processing and Analysis (GW) Volume 8 – Part V
Data Processing and Analysis March 2003 Page 23
W aterlevel Varia tion 1975 - 200 1
D is t: K anc h eepuram L oc atio n: Inja m ba kkam
- 9
- 8
- 7
- 6
- 5
- 4
- 3
- 2
- 1
0
Jun-75
Jun-77
Jun-79
Jun-81
Jun-83
Jun-85
Jun-87
Jun-89
Jun-91
Jun-93
Jun-95
Jun-97
Jun-99
Jun-01
W .L W .L Tr en d
Figure 16.2: Long term Water quality trend
31. Operation Manual – Data Processing and Analysis (GW) Volume 8 – Part V
Data Processing and Analysis March 2003 Page 24
17 ESTIMATION OF GROUNDWATER RESOURCE AVAILABILITY
FOR THE REPORTING YEAR
<Carry out groundwater resource estimation for the reporting period based on the GEC norms.>
<Identify watersheds/administrative units subjected to overexploitation as compared to previous
years.>
<Identify areas that are showing heavy increase in draft.>
<Identify stage of development.>
<Generate notified area map.>
Figure 17.1:
Groundwater categorization map
Figure 17.2: Utilisable ground water recharge, draft and ground water development status
32. Operation Manual – Data Processing and Analysis (GW) Volume 8 – Part V
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18 RECOMMENDATION FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF
GROUNDWATER
<Based on the different analysis list the administrative blocks showing declining and rising water
levels.>
<Delineate recharge and discharge areas.>
<Identify the technically appropriate programmes that need to be considered for containing the
declining water level trend, increasing contamination, containing depletion of resources, reducing
erosion and increasing recharge.>
<Recommend the appropriate designs for efficient wells, artificial recharge structures/water harvesting
ponds that can be taken up in different areas.>
<Recommend sustainable groundwater development programmes for ecolgically fragile areas like
coastal/Urban/ industrial areas).>
<Identify specific research projects that need to be considered for tackling serious groundwater
related issues.>
<Recommend to the administrators/planners the appropriate Groundwater Policies and legislation that
can ensure equity and ensure groundwater sustainability.>
33. Operation Manual – Data Processing and Analysis (GW) Volume 8 – Part V
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ANNEX I: TABLE GROUNDWATER OBSERVATION WELLS
(List updated to ……………..….)
State: Andhra Pradesh District: Anantpur Agency: APSGWD
Mandal Village Well No Latitude Longitude Topo-
Sheet
No
Welltype Geology Basin
Gandlapenta Gajulavaripalli 12GAJU20 14°05'15" 78°19'45" 57J/08 Bore Well Granite Pennar
Gummagatta Tallakera 12TALL42 14°34'25" 76°49'15" 57B/14 Bore Well Granite Krishna
Agali Madhudi 12MADH11 13°49'01" 77°01'25" 57G/01 Bore Well Granite Pennar
Amadagur Amadagur 12AMAD21 13°53'35" 78°01'00" 57K/01 Bore Well Granite Panner
Amarapuram Basavanahalli 12BASA10 14°01'39" 77°03'52" 57F/04 Bore Well Granite Panner
Anantapur Kurugunta 12KURU08 14°40'57" 77°31'48" 57F/10 Bore Well Granite Panner
Atmakur Vaddupalli 12VADD09 14°40'10" 77°27'25" 57F/06 Bore Well Granite Panner
B.k.samudram Rotarypuram 12ROTA25 14°44'18" 77°41'04" 57F/10 Bore Well Granite Panner
Bathalapalli Kattakindapalli 12KATT23 14°26'53" 77°53'31" 57F/15 Bore Well Granite Panner
Beluguppa Beluguppa 12BELU04 14°42'30" 77°08'35" 57F/02 Bore Well Granite Krishna
Gangavaram 12GANG39 14°38'35" 77°12'05" 57F/02 Bore Well Granite Krishna
Bommanahal Unthakal 12UNTH41 14°59'10" 76°57'40" 57B/13 Bore Well Granite Krishna
Brahmasamudra
m
Brahmasamudra
m
12BRAH37 14°32'30" 76°57'20" 57B/14 Bore Well Granite Krishna
Kannepalli 12KANN38 14°37'30" 76°58'50" 57B/14 Bore Well Granite Krishna
Vepulaparthy 12VEPU03 14°33'55" 76°53'15" 57B/14 Bore Well Granite Krishna
Bukkapatnam Pamudurthi 12PAMU29 14°16'20" 77°58'15" 57F/15 Bore Well Granite Panner
Chennakothapalli Kanumukkala 12KANU28 14°17'50" 77°45'20" 57F/15 Bore Well Granite Panner
35. Operation Manual – Data Processing and Analysis (GW) Volume 8 – Part V
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ANNEX III: CONTACT ADDRESS OF THE DATA PROCESSING
CENTRES
District/
Region
DPC Address Name of the Officer Phone No e-mail address
36. Operation Manual – Data Processing and Analysis (GW) Volume 8 – Part V
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ANNEX IV:TABLE SHOWING LIST OF RAINGAUGE STATIONS
Location Latitude Longitude Raingaugety
pe
Measuring
frequency
Data available from
Ranganahalli 13°46'55" 77°09'10" Non automatic Daily 1997
Cherlopalli 14°24'55" 77°03'25" Non automatic Daily 1997
Tarimela 14°54'50" 77°41'40" Non automatic Daily 1997
Chalakuru 13°57'03" 77°33'40" Non automatic Daily 1997
Somandepalli 14°00'50" 77°36'40" Non automatic Daily 1997
Tadimarri 14°33'40" 77°51'08" Non automatic Daily 1997
Cheekatimanipalli 13°49'45" 78°14'32" Non automatic Daily 1997
Monthly Rainfall Report
Station name : Hindupur
Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
1997 17.6 25.2 3.8 113.0 20.6 16.8 222.2 69.8 54.4 32.2
1998 41.5 34.6 65.8 136.8 234.2 263.4 107.2 45.6 4.0
1999 74.0 31.0 50.0 52.0 76.2 117.8 199.2 41.4
2000 115.0 17.0 31.6 27.2 28.2 300.6 162.6 138.0 22.0 14.0
2001 108.0 11.4 15.6 41.0 47.2 283.0 189.0
37. Operation Manual – Data Processing and Analysis (GW) Volume 8 – Part V
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ANNEX V: TABLE SHOWING LIST OF PIEZOMETERS FORMING
PART OF MONITORING NETWORK
CasingVillage Well No Drilled Depth Casing Type Dia
From To
Amadagur 12AMAD21 35.00 Mild Steel 127.00 0.80 8.45
Amalladinne 12AMAL26 37.50 Mild Steel 127.00 0.30 10.80
Aplepalli 12APLE35 31.00 Mild Steel 127.00 0.16 13.19
Baginayakanah 12BAGI43 30.00 Mild Steel 127.00 0.60 9.60
Basavanahalli 12BASA10 40.00 Mild Steel 127.00 0.40 12.2
Beluguppa 12BELU04 37.00 Mild Steel 127.00 0.50 10.75
Brahmasamudr 12BRAH37 43.00 Mild Steel 127.00 0.70 10.00
Chalakuru 12CHAL49 45.00 Mild Steel 127.00 0.50 13.75
Cheekatimanip 12CHEE32 32.00 Mild Steel 127.00 0.40 6.80
Cherlopalli 12CHER16 31.00 Mild Steel 127.00 0.70 6.00
Chilamathur 12CHIL68 34.00 Mild Steel 127.00 0.50 11.50
Chinnapappur 12CHIN19 19.70 Mild Steel 127.00 0.50 6.70
Dharmavaram 12DHAR66 45.00 Mild Steel 127.00 0.60 7.15
38. Operation Manual – Data Processing and Analysis (GW) Volume 8 – Part V
Data Processing and Analysis March 2003 Page 31
ANNEX VI:GROUNDWATER LEVEL CHANGES FROM 1995 TO 2001
AND 2000 TO 2001
Water table data of Hydrograph stations
Water LevelLocation Well No
Jan 2000 Jan 1995 Jan 2001
Water level Variation
1 2 3 4 5 3-5 4-5
Thaikattusseri 58C 5 80 1.67 1.75 1.63 0.04 0.12
Thakazhi 58C 7 20 1.06 1.33 1.53 -0.47 -0.20
Thamarakulam 58C12 90 3.78 3.65 3.46 0.32 0.19
Thevery 58C 7120 1.70 1.89 1.48 0.22 0.41
Thuravur 58C 5 60 2.48 2.45 2.41 0.07 0.04
Trikkunnapuzha 58C 7131 0.44 0.65 0.36 0.08 0.29
Valavanad 58C 6 10 0.97 0.90 0.93 0.04 -0.03
Venmani(thazha 58C12 70 1.28 1.55 1.80 -0.52 -0.25
Aranootimangal 58C12 20 8.68 8.65 9.57 -0.89 -0.92
39. Operation Manual – Data Processing and Analysis (GW) Volume 8 – Part V
Data Processing and Analysis March 2003 Page 32
ANNEX VII: GROUNDWATER RESOURCE ESTIMATION
Block/W
atershed
Annual
groundwater
recharge
Net groundwater
recharge available
for irrigation
Gross Groundwater
draft
Balance of
Groundwater
available for
further
development
Stage of
development
40. Operation Manual – Data Processing and Analysis (GW) Volume 8 – Part V
Data Processing and Analysis March 2003 Page 33
ANNEX VIII: CHEMICAL ANALYSIS DATA REPORT
Well Date of
Sampling
pH EC Ca Mg Na K Cl S04 CO3 HCO3 NO3