Many of our patients had been suffering from chronic illnesses, some over the past several years before they underwent our wellness program. They had been taking multiple pills and medications for high cholesterol, high blood pressure, increased blood sugar, weight loss, diabetes, pain, heartburn, depression, and sleep apnea.
https://healncure.com/
In today's society, leanness is often equated with beauty, success, fitness, and self-control. Obesity, on the other hand, is considered as undesirable as leanness is desirable, for reasons that are often more related to cosmetic concerns than to actual or potential medical complications.
Obesity is that, you have a high amount of fat in your body, and from that definition you can notice that, obesity is not about more weight, it's about more fat .
you will find in his presentation:(Body mass index (BMI),causes,Waist–hip ratio,Childhood obesity,complications and treatment)
Obesity is a complex disease involving an excessive amount of body fat. Obesity isn't just a cosmetic concern. It is a medical problem that increases your risk of other diseases and health problems, such as heart disease, diabetes, high blood pressure and certain cancers.
There are many reasons why some people have difficulty avoiding obesity. Usually, obesity results from a combination of inherited factors, combined with the environment and personal diet and exercise choices.
Obesity – Causes and Symptoms : A condition known as obesity involves having too much body fat. Obesity is more than simply a visual issue. It is a medical condition that raises the chance of several illnesses and conditions, including heart disease, diabetes, high blood pressure, and some malignancies.
In today's society, leanness is often equated with beauty, success, fitness, and self-control. Obesity, on the other hand, is considered as undesirable as leanness is desirable, for reasons that are often more related to cosmetic concerns than to actual or potential medical complications.
Obesity is that, you have a high amount of fat in your body, and from that definition you can notice that, obesity is not about more weight, it's about more fat .
you will find in his presentation:(Body mass index (BMI),causes,Waist–hip ratio,Childhood obesity,complications and treatment)
Obesity is a complex disease involving an excessive amount of body fat. Obesity isn't just a cosmetic concern. It is a medical problem that increases your risk of other diseases and health problems, such as heart disease, diabetes, high blood pressure and certain cancers.
There are many reasons why some people have difficulty avoiding obesity. Usually, obesity results from a combination of inherited factors, combined with the environment and personal diet and exercise choices.
Obesity – Causes and Symptoms : A condition known as obesity involves having too much body fat. Obesity is more than simply a visual issue. It is a medical condition that raises the chance of several illnesses and conditions, including heart disease, diabetes, high blood pressure, and some malignancies.
Healthy Living - Chapter 10 - Body Weight & Its ManagementTerry Patterson
_________________________________________
Terry L. Patterson
Director of Distance Learning
South Arkansas Community College
PO Box 7010
El Dorado, Arkansas 71731
(870) 864-8406 - 800-955-2289 ext. 406
The human body is made up, among others, of billions of fat cells. These fat cells are in a way important for our body’s functioning however too much body fat can give way to many health problems. The methods on how to lose stomach fat provided in this report are your first steps towards a fit physique and healthier lifestyle.
The definition of obesity is having an excessive amount of body fat.
It is not only a cosmetic issue it is a major health issue leading to
health risks such as heart attracts, heart disease, high blood
pressure, and diabetes.
The causes of obesity is directly related to the over consumption of
calories compared to the amount of calorie burned with physical
activity.
If you want to know how to lose belly fat you've come to the right place, but despite your desire you can't spot-reduce (target) individual areas of fat, and that includes your belly . No amount of crunches, sit-ups or toes-to-bar will eradicate your spare tyre. Instead, it's lifestyle habits and dietary choices that are going to help you eradicate your unwanted midriff.
If you want to know how to lose belly fat you've come to the right place, but despite your desire you can't spot-reduce (target) individual areas of fat, and that includes your belly . No amount of crunches, sit-ups or toes-to-bar will eradicate your spare tyre. Instead, it's lifestyle habits and dietary choices that are going to help you eradicate your unwanted midriff.
This Is NOT just a big book of smoothie recipes. You're getting the same proven 3-Week weight loss and health improvement program I share with my private clients. The secret that makes the Smoothie Diet so effective is the Custom 3-Week Weight Loss Schedule. All the smoothies are given in a very specific sequence and frequency to maximize your results. For example the nutrient and ingredient ratios vary week to week to make sure the weight keeps coming off and stays off.
A number of long term studies have shown a higher risk of Diabetes with increasing body weight. 70- 80% of patients with diabetes are overweight & obese.
Emface and Exion are cutting-edge non surgical facial rejuvenation treatments designed to address various skin concerns and promote a more youthful appearance.
Healthy Living - Chapter 10 - Body Weight & Its ManagementTerry Patterson
_________________________________________
Terry L. Patterson
Director of Distance Learning
South Arkansas Community College
PO Box 7010
El Dorado, Arkansas 71731
(870) 864-8406 - 800-955-2289 ext. 406
The human body is made up, among others, of billions of fat cells. These fat cells are in a way important for our body’s functioning however too much body fat can give way to many health problems. The methods on how to lose stomach fat provided in this report are your first steps towards a fit physique and healthier lifestyle.
The definition of obesity is having an excessive amount of body fat.
It is not only a cosmetic issue it is a major health issue leading to
health risks such as heart attracts, heart disease, high blood
pressure, and diabetes.
The causes of obesity is directly related to the over consumption of
calories compared to the amount of calorie burned with physical
activity.
If you want to know how to lose belly fat you've come to the right place, but despite your desire you can't spot-reduce (target) individual areas of fat, and that includes your belly . No amount of crunches, sit-ups or toes-to-bar will eradicate your spare tyre. Instead, it's lifestyle habits and dietary choices that are going to help you eradicate your unwanted midriff.
If you want to know how to lose belly fat you've come to the right place, but despite your desire you can't spot-reduce (target) individual areas of fat, and that includes your belly . No amount of crunches, sit-ups or toes-to-bar will eradicate your spare tyre. Instead, it's lifestyle habits and dietary choices that are going to help you eradicate your unwanted midriff.
This Is NOT just a big book of smoothie recipes. You're getting the same proven 3-Week weight loss and health improvement program I share with my private clients. The secret that makes the Smoothie Diet so effective is the Custom 3-Week Weight Loss Schedule. All the smoothies are given in a very specific sequence and frequency to maximize your results. For example the nutrient and ingredient ratios vary week to week to make sure the weight keeps coming off and stays off.
A number of long term studies have shown a higher risk of Diabetes with increasing body weight. 70- 80% of patients with diabetes are overweight & obese.
Similar to Don’t let Obesity Steal Your Lifestyle and Fun (20)
Emface and Exion are cutting-edge non surgical facial rejuvenation treatments designed to address various skin concerns and promote a more youthful appearance.
Gut health is the cornerstone of overall wellbeing, influencing everything from digestion and nutrient absorption to immune function and mental health.
Low libido in women refers to a persistent lack of sexual interest or desire, causing distress or difficulty in intimate relationships. It’s characterized by reduced sexual thoughts, responsiveness, and enjoyment. Causes include hormonal changes, physical health conditions, psychological factors, medication side effects, and relationship issues.
Our medical weight loss program incorporates detox as a crucial component. This integration ensures that weight loss is superficial and supported by a cleansed, well-functioning body. Our approach, guided by functional medicine principles, lays the groundwork for sustained weight management, linking detoxification with long-term health benefits.
As an integrative medicine practitioner and the founder of the Heal n Cure Medical Wellness Center, I’ve dedicated my life to delivering comprehensive, patient-centered care. I aim to address the root causes of disease and promote optimal health. A condition that I regularly come across in my practice is Type 2 Diabetes. This chronic disease has touched the lives of millions worldwide. One medication stands out in its management – Semaglutide, also known by its brand name, Ozempic.
In simple terms, Semaglutide is a medication that I often use to manage Type 2 Diabetes. It’s a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist, mimicking the functions of the body’s natural GLP-1 hormone [1]. This hormone plays a vital role in regulating blood sugar levels by stimulating insulin production and suppressing glucagon, a hormone that raises blood sugar levels [2].
Autoimmune disease affects hundreds of millions of people worldwide, and its prevalence is increasing. There are 100+ known autoimmune disease types. Some of the more prevalent include type 1 diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)
For a patient with a history of chronic systemic inflammation and an antecedent, like an inflammatory diet or a psychological stressor could act as a trigger to precipitate autoimmune disease or disease flare-up.
As an integrative medicine practitioner and the founder of the Heal n Cure Medical Wellness Center, I’ve dedicated my life to delivering comprehensive, patient-centered care.
In simple terms, Semaglutide is a medication that I often use to manage Type 2 Diabetes. It’s a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist, mimicking the functions of the body’s natural GLP-1 hormone [1]. This hormone plays a vital role in regulating blood sugar levels by stimulating insulin production and suppressing glucagon, a hormone that raises blood sugar levels [2].
Welcome to Heal n Cure, where we prioritize your well-being through the power of Functional Medicine. Meet our team of expert doctors, dedicated to providing you with personalized and effective healthcare solutions.
https://healncure.com/integrative-functional-medicine-doctor-winnetka
Integrative medicine doctor combines conventional medical practices with evidence-based alternative therapies. Here, We have explain about Your Integrative Medicine Doctor. Visit us
https://healncure.com/integrative-functional-medicine-doctor-glenview/
Functional Medicine determines how and why illness occurs and restores health by addressing the root causes of disease for each individual.
Traditional medicine is the mainstream medicine
Integrative medicine is a fusion of two of the above.
Heal n Cure Medical Wellness Center Glenview specializes in Medical Wellness, Weight Loss, Hormone Balancing, Diabetes, Fibromyalgia, and Anti-Aging using Integrative and Functional Medicine approach. Dr. Meena, Founder of Heal n Cure Medical Wellness Center is a top ranked Functional Medicine Doctor serving the areas of Glenview. Wilmette,Winnetka , Glencoe, Highland Park and Lake Forest.
Dr Meena - Founder, Heal n Cure Medical Wellness Center uses Functional Medicine approach to address the root cause of your condition rather than merely addressing the symptoms. Our Integrative Medicine services cover a wide range of issues including weight management, diabetes, anxiety, insomnia, fatigue, menopause, urinary incontinence, female sexual dysfunction, leaky gut, and more.
Dr. Meena, Founder is a top ranked Functional Medicine Doctor serving the areas of Glenview. Wilmette, Winnetka , Glencoe, Highland Park and Lake Forest.
Heal n Cure Medical Wellness Center Glenview specializes in Medical Wellness, Weight Loss, Hormone Balancing, Diabetes, Fibromyalgia, and Anti-Aging using Integrative and Functional Medicine approach. Dr. Meena, Founder of Heal n Cure Medical Wellness Center is a top ranked Functional Medicine Doctor serving the areas of Glenview. Wilmette, Winnetka , Glencoe, Highland Park and Lake Forest.
Heal n Cure Medical Wellness Center Glenview specializes in Medical Wellness, Weight Loss, Hormone Balancing, Diabetes, Fibromyalgia, and Anti-Aging using Integrative and Functional Medicine approach. Dr. Meena, Founder of Heal n Cure Medical Wellness Center is a top ranked Functional Medicine Doctor serving the areas of Glenview. Wilmette, Winnetka , Glencoe, Highland Park and Lake Forest.
Heal n Cure Medical Wellness Center Glenview specializes in Medical Wellness, Weight Loss, Hormone Balancing, Diabetes, Fibromyalgia, and Anti-Aging using Integrative and Functional Medicine approach. Dr. Meena, Founder of Heal n Cure Medical Wellness Center is a top ranked Functional Medicine Doctor serving the areas of Glenview. Wilmette, Winnetka , Glencoe, Highland Park and Lake Forest.
Sweet Potato Fries recipe by Dr Meena Functional Medicine Doctor Glenview Illinois
Meena Malhotra, MD is a Double Board Certified Physician. She is a leading expert and an invited speaker for Integrative and Functional Medicine. Her breakthrough rejuvenation system has proven that diminished health and vitality can be restored for nearly any proactive person of any age.
Heal n Cure Medical Wellness Center in Glenview specializes in Medical Wellness, Weight Loss, Hormone Balancing, Diabetes, Fibromyalgia, and Anti-Aging using the Integrative and Functional Medicine approach serving the areas of Chicago’s North Shore; Glenview, Wilmette, Winnetka , Glencoe, Highland Park and Lake Forest.
https://healncure.com/integrative-functional-medicine-doctor-glenview
Dr. Meena Malhotra is the medical director at Heal n Cure, an integrative facility in Glenview that specializes in functional medicine. Few factors are more important to our overall health than what we eat. The quality, quantity and cleanliness of our food can either prevent or cause disease. Plant-based diets have become quite popular recently, with people seeking to reduce their meat intake to improve their health, lower their carbon footprint or for ethical reasons. Nutrition is one of five pillars of health, and Malhotra recommends a plant-based diet to improve liver health, maximize nutrient intake, balance hormones and enhance the body’s ability to repair the ongoing damage. Still, there are many misconceptions about what exactly plant-based eating is and how to best achieve balance. Heal n Cure Medical Wellness Center Glenview specializes in Medical Wellness, Weight Loss, Hormone Balancing, Diabetes, Fibromyalgia, and Anti-Aging using Integrative and Functional Medicine approach.
Heal n Cure Medical Wellness Center Glenview specializes in Medical Wellness, Weight Loss, Hormone Balancing, Diabetes, Fibromyalgia, and Anti-Aging using Integrative and Functional Medicine approach. Dr. Meena, Founder of Heal n Cure Medical Wellness Center is a top ranked Functional Medicine Doctor serving the areas of Glenview. Wilmette, Winnetka , Glencoe, Highland Park and Lake Forest.
Founder of Heal n Cure, in Glenview, Dr. Meena T. Malhotra is Double Board Certified, ABOM and ABIM (American Board of Obesity Medicine, American Board of Internal Medicine) and is committed to healing disease at the root cause through an Integrative Functional Medicine approach. This principle mission is Dr. Meena’s guiding light toward a change in healthcare to a true path of wellness and vitality for each practice member.
To know more, visit here-
https://healncure.com/our-team/
More from Heal n Cure Medical Wellness Clinic (20)
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
2. Many associate obesity with sloth and deficient self-control. They
believe it can be cured simply by avoiding food which is high in
carbohydrate and sugar content. Almost everyone knows this, but in the
heat of the moment it can be difficult to implement this discipline. Very
often obesity has underlying causes that can’t be addressed only with
diet and exercise. That is why it is best to treat obesity as a disease.
Today, there are far too many conflicting ‘tips’ on reducing weight and
curing obesity, which makes it difficult to separate facts from myths. We
want to debunk common myths about obesity and recommend a
scientific approach to dealing with it.
3. What is obesity?
Traditionally, obesity is determined based on your body mass index (BMI). Here’s
how to calculate BMI: Divide your weight in kilograms by the square of your
height in meters. You can also get your BMI by dividing your weight in pounds by
the square of your height in inches and multiplying the result by 703. The
traditional BMI based classification is as follows:
4. Distribution of fat is as important as
the amount of fat
The adipose tissue beneath the skin is called subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT),
whereas the one lining internal organs is termed visceral adipose tissue (VAT).
Adverse metabolic impact of obesity depends upon the location of fat deposits.
Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) exerts a harmful effect on metabolic homeostasis,
but of more importance is the ratio of VAT to subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT).
The ratio between abdominal VAT/SAT is an independent predictor of death and
coronary events, irrespective of cardiovascular risk factors,
5. Why do we have fat to begin with?
Adipose tissue is a loose connective tissue mostly composed of adipocytes. It
plays a major role in storage of energy, but also serves as an important cushion
and insulates the body from heat and cold.
Fat is more than passive depot of extra energy
Besides its passive function, adipose tissue can become a major endocrine organ.
Increased production of pro-inflammatory adipokines molecules by VAT causes insulin
resistance, leptin resistance, hepatic steatosis (fatty liver), metabolic syndrome,
hypertension and an exaggerated inflammatory state. Adipose tissue is also a source
of bad estrogen .The colon is surrounded by mesenteric visceral body fat. Based on
intimate connection, it has been hypothesized that VAT-produced metabolites may
have a direct influence on obesity-associated colon cancer aggressiveness and
progression. It’s safe to conclude that VAT is a pathogenic fat deposit.
6. Determining the Root Cause of Obesity
It is important to understand the root cause of obesity. There are several risk
factors that can lead to obesity, such as:
Genetics: Yes, it’s true that there are some congenital syndromes e.g. Prader
Villi, where genetics play a role, but often the explanation of obesity running
in families lies in family members sharing similar eating and activity habits.
Lifestyle: Undoubtedly, indulgence in unhealthy, processed, and junk foods
and a sedentary lifestyle tend to exacerbate obesity. Consuming empty
calories in alcohol is another known cause of weight gain.
7. Causes of Resistant Fat: Why Can't I
lose weight?
Many of you may have failed to lose weight despite eating right and exercising. It
can be very frustrating when you feel that your body is working against you. Few
examples of these scenarios can be:
Dysbiosis: Trillions of microorganisms inhabit the human body, some good and
some bad. These microorganisms colonize the gastrointestinal tract and
outnumber our own cells. Disruption of the ecological equilibrium in the gut
(i.e., dysbiosis) has been associated with obesity and its related
comorbidities. Prebiotics and Probiotics can reshape the gut microbiota and
restore the balance between good and bad bacteria. Supermarket shelves are
overflowing with products to help but a thorough evaluation is needed to
determine what strains will help you the most.