The document discusses different levels of moral reasoning when making decisions and taking actions. It explains that higher levels of moral reasoning involve thinking about how decisions impact others and practicing empathy, rather than just fear of punishment or self-interest. Developing self-awareness of one's motives is important for moral development. The document also outlines Kohlberg's stages of moral reasoning, from fear of punishment and self-interest in lower levels to considering universal ethical principles and the common good in higher levels.

1. Doing It Right
Do the
right things
for the
right reasons

2. (1) Our decisions and actions can reflect different levels of moral
reasoning.
(2) When we make decisions based on higher levels of moral reasoning, we
learn not only to think of ourselves but also to practice empathy and care
for others.
(3) As we reflect on our motives, we develop self-awareness.

3. Motive
The reasons behind a person’s
actions.

4. Examples
(1) Your friend suddenly treats you to lunch, ….
(2) A male friend invites you to his house after
school/meal, …
(3) A husband suddenly treats his wife extremely
nice, …
(4) A stranger come up to you to talk to you, …
(5) Your boss gives you loads of things to do, …
and etc

7. Discussion:
All of the students have
decided to volunteer,
but for different
reasons. How are their
reasons different?

8. In groups, rank the
reasons beginning
with the lowest at
LEVEL ONE.

9. Kohlber g’s Sta ges of Mor al Reasoning
Level 1 : FEAR OF PUNISHMENT
A person’s decisions and actions are based on fear of punishment, or
rewar ds that he or she can get.
Level 2 : SELF-INTEREST
A person’s decisions and actions are based on wanting to satisfy his
or her own needs.
Level 3 : CONFORMITY TO ROLE EXPECTATIONS
A person’s decisions and actions are based on what he or she thinks
he or she is expected to do.
Level 4 : DUTY AND RESPECT FOR AUTHORITY
A person’s decisions and actions are based on his or her respect for
authority (not fear of being punished as in Level 1).
Level 5 : COMMON GOOD OF SOCIETY
A person’s decisions and actions are based on bringing about the
greatest good for the greatest number of people. He or she does
good because it will benefit society.
Level 6 : UNIVERSAL ETHICAL PRINCIPLES
A person’s decisions and actions are based on univer sal ethical
principles.

10. We may do the right thing,
but for very different
reasons.
We need to strive to do the
right thing for the right
reasons.

11. What should Ken do?

12. Discuss and present your answers to other groups.

13. Other groups to use the following rubrics to evaluate their
responses.
Level 1 : Reason for action shows a lower level of
moral reasoning based on fear of
punishment and self-interest.
Level 2 : Reason for actions shows a level of moral
reasoning that considers the needs of
others based on role expectations, duty &
respect for authority.
Level 3 : Reason for actions shows a level of moral
reasoning that considers the common
good and universal ethical principles.