This presentation was given by Arwen Bailey (Bioversity International), as part of the Annual Scientific Conference hosted by the CGIAR Collaborative Platform for Gender Research. The event took place on 5-6 December 2017 in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, where the Platform is hosted (by KIT Royal Tropical Institute).
Read more: http://gender.cgiar.org/gender_events/annual-scientific-conference-capacity-development-workshop-cgiar-collaborative-platform-gender-research/), as part of the Annual Scientific Conference hosted by the CGIAR Collaborative Platform for Gender Research. The event took place on 5-6 December 2017 in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, where the Platform is hosted (by KIT Royal Tropical Institute).
Read more: http://gender.cgiar.org/gender_events/annual-scientific-conference-capacity-development-workshop-cgiar-collaborative-platform-gender-research/
Day 2 - USING DATA FOR INFORMED ACTION - IDInsight
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Does gender matter in effective management of plant disease epidemics? Insights from a survey among rural banana farming households in Uganda
1. Does gender matter in effective management of plant
disease epidemics?
Kikulwe E, Okurut S, Ajambo S, Gotor E, Ssali, T, Kubiriba J, Karamura E.
Presented by Arwen Bailey, December 2017
2. Why are bananas important?
Bananas are an important staple food
and cash crop for smallholders in
East Africa
Annual production of c.10.6 million
tonnes
Ugandans eat between 220 and
460kg of bananas per person per
year -- 17% of calories consumed
Introduction Methods Results Conclusions
Xanthomonas wilt (BXW) causes yield
losses of up to 70% in Uganda
Yield losses threaten food security
4. However adoption is low… Why?
Analyze gender, access to
agricultural resources and control
over them
Determine whether men and women
share similar perceptions toward the
effectiveness of the BXW control
Determine whether gender and
farmer perceptions influence on-farm
adoption of BXW management
practices
Determine the impact of adoption of
BXW practices on food security
Introduction Methods Results Conclusions & Policy Implications
5. Data collection and analysis
18 banana-growing districts purposively selected, with 2
subcounties selected per district and one parish per subcounty
227 dual households randomly selected and subjected to face-to-
face interviews – one respondent (either male or female) per
household
To estimate food security - Household Food Insecurity Access
Scale Index
Descriptive statistics and multivariate Probit regression utilized for
data analysis using Stata 14
Introduction Methods Results Conclusions
6. Q1. Assets ownership, access and control
Introduction Methods Results Conclusions
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Land Bananas Roots and Tubers
Ownership -- who makes claims on the asset? (%)
women men joint
7. Q1. Assets ownership, access and control
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Women Men Both
Ownership - Roots and Tubers
Men's perceptions Women's perceptions
8. Q2 Perceived effectiveness and adoption of BXW
control practices
Introduction Methods Results Conclusions
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0
45.0
cutting
down
infected
plants
removing
male buds
disinfecting
tools
Control practices used on
men, women and jointly
owned land
men owned women owned
jointly owned
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0
45.0
cutting down
infected
plants
removing
male buds
disinfecting
tools
Who implements control
practices?
men act women act both act
9. Q3 Factors that influence adoption of BXW control practices
Farmer perceptions on effectiveness of the technologies
positively increase adoption of all practices
Training in BXW management positively increases
adoption of all practices
Importance of banana in diet: People who buy bananas
when their own crop fails are more likely to adopt most of
the practices
Farm income: those who spent more on farm inputs were
more likely to adopt practices
Gender: Men were more likely than women to decide to
cut infected plants (though the actual cutting was mostly
done by women)
• Introduction Methods Results Conclusions
10. Q3 Factors that influence adoption of BXW control
practices
0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
80.0
90.0
Sources of information on BXW
pooled men women
11. Q4 Relationship between food security and adoption of
BXW control practices
Farmers that perceive male bud removal and disinfecting farm
tools to be effective are more food secure
Farmers with at least secondary education were more food
secure
Female-headed and subsistence households were less food
secure
12. Summary
1. Apart from land, which is mainly male owned, most ownership,
control and income are jointly shared.
But perceptions differ between men and women regarding who
owns, decides and spends what
2. Overall adoption of BXW control practices is low, more likely on
male-owned land, and more likely carried out by women.
3. Perceptions of efficacy, training, importance of banana in diet,
farm income and gender are the main factors influencing
adoption
And most information about the disease comes from radio and
face-to-face channels
4. Some profiles of farmer seem to link adoption of BXW practices
with food security
13. Conclusions
Introduction Methods Results Conclusions
Increasing women’s ownership, access and use of
household assets is an inherent component of all BXW
management efforts and programmes
Farmer perceptions are critical and essential for scaling up
and out BXW control and management
We need to increase positive perceptions of controls among
men and women. Radio and face-to-face channels are best
for this
We still need to understand better the mechanisms between
perceptions, assets and action
This research is a good place to start to manage the
extreme threat that BXW poses to Ugandan livelihoods
Insights from a survey among rural banana farming households in Uganda
Journal of Development and Agricultural Economics
Only in 2001 identified in the country
Use of cultural practices(Break off male flower, cutting down sick plants and disinfecting tools) is the only available BXW disease management strategy
Effectively implemented, cultural practices have been found to effectively control BXW
TEXT + 2 PICTURES AT THE BOTTOM
Farmers may adopt more than one technology at the same time, so if you only estimate the adoption or non-adoption of the technologies independently, you miss the trade-offs and complementarity across different technologies and may lead to biased estimates.
That’s why the research team used a multivariate probit model – useful in circumstances where technologies are interdependent and might be adopted simultaneously or sequentially.
Just three examples here but done for ownership, control and disposal of income
And for Land, Bananas, Roots and Tubers PLUS cereals, cash crops, cattle, sheep and goats and poultry
Most household assets are jointly owned, but men have more individual ownership, control and decision-making on income from household assets than women.
No consensus on the exact proportions of assets owned by men and women individually
E.g., women consider themselves individual owners of 14% roots and tubers, but men consider women to own 4% of roots and tubers individually, suggesting that women either over-report their ownership or that men underreport women’s ownership
Overall, adoption of any practice is higher in men owned plots than women owned plots.
Implementation of BXW control mostly done by women even on male owned plots – especially of cutting down infected plants
Tissue culture, removal of male buds and disinfecting of farm tools were perceived to be equally effective by both men and women.
Men rated cutting down of infected plants to be more effective than women
More women than men actually DO the control practices – perhaps because more involved in day-to-day management of banana plantations.
Maybe because those who see them as beneficial, adopt them, so production is ensured, which results in food security
Found also by other researchers that education is associated with food security. Not clear if it is better understanding or more off farm income leading to better food security
Maybe have fewer resource endowments or perhaps less likely to introduce new practices