3. • Dr. Naveed Anwer
– Ph.D. (OB)
– Contextualizing Psychological Contracts and
Psychological Contract Breach Among Service
Sector Employees of Pakistan: A Mixed Methods
Research Design
4.
5.
6. We want answers to certain things that are not inherently obvious
What is obvious? The instincts and reactions that are built into our DNA represent
responses that we consider obvious.
What you would do if a predator approaches to you ?
What if you have a gun or knife ? What if you are equipped with nothing?
This is an obvious response to this type of situation, and it is built into all humans
around the world.
Same is the case with Animals
The instincts built into us are essentially the responses that worked most of the time.
8. • It is interesting now to wonder why we ask questions ---- we have the
genetic information needed to survive.
• Questions and answers allowed for new solutions to be found that
improved our way of life.
• When humans controlled fire for the first time, we could scare away
predators and establish places of community around the bonfire.
• It granted us the time to think and ask questions.
• As we became farmers,
• We stored food in larger quantities and established the very first
societies.
• With excess food, we had more time to ask questions to which we had
no answers.
• the flooding of a river (such as the Nile) to benefit their agricultural
systems? With this question came irrigation.
• With agriculture, …. calendars ….. planning of crops into the future.
Astronomers built observatories to look at the sky.
9.
10. • The role of religion
• One of the goal of religion is to also seek
answers
• Religions with a religious doctrine (such as the
Holy Quran)
• This is comforting for many humans
11. • Religion can spur on the asking of questions
and the pursuit of knowledge
• Islamic Golden Age, between the 8th and 13th
Centuries, scientific exploration
• Asking questions and seeking answers
created an environment that promoted
learning
12. • From our basic genetic instincts to a more
advanced and fulfilling pursuit of life
• How about those who do not ask questions?
• It is in our human nature to seek answers as
answers provide security.
• Many questions means that one is willing to
not find the answer immediately
• It takes time to find answers.
• How do you feel when you find the answers ?
13. • The art of asking questions is what allows us to expand our limited, human
understanding of our vast and diverse universe.
• The act of questioning and the receiving of subsequent answers is the equivalent
of “H2O”, “Green Marketing Mix”, “Motivation”, “Investment Behaviors” for the
curious mind; without it, there would be no increase on our levels of
understanding.
• There is a limit of what we know and what we can know. But, the thinking have
no limits.
• There will always be questions unanswered. It’s frustrating to search so more, so
deep, so far
• “We were born too late to experience the struggling history …… and too early to
experience the glorious future……. but we’re born at just the right time- to answer
many questions, to question many answers, to explore what can be asked and
what should be asked……..”
15. Why do we ask questions?
1.Divide yourself in 5 groups, Choose 3 items and provide example / Scenario
1. To acquire knowledge
2. To eliminate confusion
3. To cause someone else to feel special/important
4. To guide a conversation in the direction we want it to go
5. To demonstrate humility to others
6. To enable a person to discover answers for themselves
7. To gain empathy through better understanding another’s view
8. To influence/alter someone else’s opinion/view
9. To begin a relationship
10. To strengthen a relationship
11. To humbly show we have knowledge on a specific topic
12. To stimulate creativity and idea generation
13. To gain a person’s attention
14. To solve a problem
15. To reach agreement or to “agree to disagree”
16. Some Important Thoughts
• “I would rather discover one true cause than
gain the kingdom of Persia” — Democritus
• We cannot live better than in seeking to
become better. The unexamined life is not
worth living- Socrates
• You will never do anything in this world
without courage. – Plato
• “Educating the mind without educating the
heart is no education at all.” - Aristotle
20. Knowledge
• It is a familiarity with someone or something,
which can include information, facts,
descriptions, or skills acquired through
experience or education.
• It can be implicit (as with practical skill or
expertise)
• Explicit (as with the theoretical understanding of
a subject); and it can be more or less formal or
systematic. (The Oxford Dictionary)
• Which one you think is important Knowledge –
Implicit or Explicit?
21. • What is important Question or Answer, and
Why ?
22. Aspects of Knowledge
• Know-That: The Basic sense of Knowing
• Know-How: The Knowledge of how to get things done
• Know-Who: Knowing who can help.
• Know-When: A sense of timing.
• Know-Where: Knowing where things are best carried out.
• Know-Why: The wider context and vision.
23. In order to carry out any task you need
various areas of Knowledge.
Finding Articles online
• Know-That: You knew that the search engines would give you websites that would supply you with information
close to what you typed in as a search. You knew that was how to get to this page to find this information.
• Know-How: You knew how to Search, You knew how to distinguish between good solid information and others.
You knew how to enter the search terms and then to interpret the information returned.
• Know-Who: You knew the person writing webpages / articles/ whom you can ask
• Know-When: You knew when to go online
• Know-Where: You knew where to go online and where to search.
• Know-Why: You knew why this information might be of importance to your work or indeed to your Ph.D. /
knowledge
24. Task2 - Group of 3-5 members
• Apply these aspects on any example of your
choice
• i.e. Designing Problem Statement of your
Thesis
• Present
26. Why you want to do Ph.D.?
• Knowledge
• Interest
• Want to bring change in existing knowledge
• Interest to know the reality
• Challenge the Status quo
• Degree
• Money
• Status
• Fashion
• Career Growth
27. 4. Ph.D. - a journey of thousand miles – What is
required to do your Ph.D.?
28. Ph.D. - a journey of thousand miles
……..
• Knowledge
• Desire
• Passion
• Capacity
• Systematic /Planned (Job, Family, Study)
• Read, Write, Practice
• Collaborative
• Nomadic Thinker
• Milestones
Ask these questions to yourself ,
29. Science and Social Science
• What is science?
• What is social science?
• How these two are related or unrelated?
• Main subjects related to science?
• Main subjected related to social science?
• Where Business Administration / Management
will fit in?
• Management as discipline
• Management -science or art
30. Philosophy
• A Way of Thinking , Belief and ,to search for
meaning, for greater understanding, for
answers to the questions surrounding our
existence, our purpose, and the universe.
• A research philosophy is a framework that
guides how research should be conducted
based on ideas about reality and the nature of
knowledge (Collis and Hussey, 2014, p.43)
