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DNA Replication teaching children in school about science
- 2. DNA Replication Process of copying DNA, (Duplicating DNA) before cell divides
- 3. Semiconservative Model of DNA Replication • the two strands of DNA separate, and each functions as a template (example) for synthesis of a new complementary strand. Parental DNA DNA Template New DNA
- 4. DNA Replication Steps DNA starts coiled and twisted in the nucleus
- 5. Step 1 DNA Replication • starts when enzyme Helicase binds to DNA molecule and uncoils molecule and breaks hydrogen bonds so DNA molecule “unzips” into 2 template strands
- 6. • The two template strands unzip and now form a replication fork Replication Fork Parental DNA Molecule 3’ 5’ 3’ 5’
- 7. Step 2 DNA Replication • DNA nucleotides come in from a 5’ to 3’ direction and bond to appropriate base following base pairing rules (A -T & C-G) RNA Primer DNA Polymerase Nucleotide 5’ 5’ 3’
- 8. Step 3 DNA Replication • enzyme DNA polymerase helps nucleotides to bond to leading & lagging strand RNA Primer DNA Polymerase Nucleotide 5’ 5’ 3’
- 9. Synthesis of the new DNA Strands Leading Strand: synthesized as a single polymer in the 5’ to 3’ direction. RNA Primer DNA Polymerase Nucleotides 3’ 5’ 5’ Leading strand
- 10. Synthesis of the new DNA Strands: Lagging Strand: also synthesized in the 5’ to 3’ direction, but discontinuously against overall direction of replication. Lagging Strand 5’ 5’ 3’ 3’
- 11. DNA Replication • DNA Replication occurs on both template strands in opposite directions RNA Primer Leading Strand DNA Polymerase 5 ’ 5’ 3’ 3’ Lagging Strand 5’ 5’ 3’ 3’
- 12. • DNA Replication ends with two new identical DNA molecules Step 4 DNA Replication
- 13. DNA Repair • Excision repair: 1. Damaged segment is excised (cut) by a repair enzyme (there are over 50 repair enzymes). 2. DNA polymerase and DNA ligase replace and bond (glue) the new nucleotides together.
- 14. Replication • Why is replication so important? • Skin cells replicate quickly (wouldn’t look good after a while - no replication) • Brain and nerve cells wouldn’t be too affected. • Stomach cells are killed frequently, so replication is important. • Can replication be stopped? • Yes, to treat cancer (Chemotherapy - chemical in body to stop producing cancer cells. (you can see the side effects)