The Divine Comedy by Dante Alighieri is divided into three sections - Inferno, Purgatorio, and Paradiso. Inferno describes Dante's journey through the nine circles of Hell guided by Virgil. Purgatorio details his ascent up the Mountain of Purgatory in seven terraces. In Paradiso, Dante is guided by Beatrice through the nine spheres of Heaven and one Empyrean, seeing blessed souls and angels. The poem discusses the theological concepts of sin, redemption, and the nature of the afterlife through Dante's journey to understand God and achieve spiritual fulfillment.
This covers the plot, the summary, the literary elements, and the symbols of the second part of Dante Alighieri's Divine Comedy which is the Purgatorio.
Inferno (Italian for "Hell") is the first part of Dante Alighieri's 14th-century epic poem Divine Comedy. It is followed by Purgatorio and Paradiso. It is an allegory telling of the journey of Dante through Hell, guided by the Roman poet Virgil. In the poem, Hell is depicted as nine circles of suffering located within the Earth. Allegorically, the Divine Comedy represents the journey of the soul toward God, with the Inferno describing the recognition and rejection of sin.[1]
This powerpoint presentation is a project on our World Literature class. This highlights the historical background, characters, summary and overview, and the poem itself. Also I included the context review and analysis of each laisse that were featured in the poem.
NOTE: This presentation is credited through the reference section. Please tell me if there were credits that were not placed properly.
Thanks. Enjoy! :)
Slideshow for teaching Song of Roland. Note that the final slides are teacher's notes. Some materials are from a variety of other sources; all of which I believe are credited. Please inform me if work that is included is not properly credited.
This covers the plot, the summary, the literary elements, and the symbols of the second part of Dante Alighieri's Divine Comedy which is the Purgatorio.
Inferno (Italian for "Hell") is the first part of Dante Alighieri's 14th-century epic poem Divine Comedy. It is followed by Purgatorio and Paradiso. It is an allegory telling of the journey of Dante through Hell, guided by the Roman poet Virgil. In the poem, Hell is depicted as nine circles of suffering located within the Earth. Allegorically, the Divine Comedy represents the journey of the soul toward God, with the Inferno describing the recognition and rejection of sin.[1]
This powerpoint presentation is a project on our World Literature class. This highlights the historical background, characters, summary and overview, and the poem itself. Also I included the context review and analysis of each laisse that were featured in the poem.
NOTE: This presentation is credited through the reference section. Please tell me if there were credits that were not placed properly.
Thanks. Enjoy! :)
Slideshow for teaching Song of Roland. Note that the final slides are teacher's notes. Some materials are from a variety of other sources; all of which I believe are credited. Please inform me if work that is included is not properly credited.
This will serve as your reviewer for the ST and TE. Please also search for others terms which meanings are not included (ex. blasphemers, panderer) since they are also included in the exams.
Mysteries of The Rosie Cross. The Rosicrucian Order. Learn more about this secret society that is the father of Freemasonry. Gloucester, Virginia Links and News website. Visit us.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
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Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
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Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Normal Labour/ Stages of Labour/ Mechanism of LabourWasim Ak
Normal labor is also termed spontaneous labor, defined as the natural physiological process through which the fetus, placenta, and membranes are expelled from the uterus through the birth canal at term (37 to 42 weeks
3. Divine Comedy
Three Canticas:
• Inferno (hell)
• Purgatorio (purgatory)
• Paradiso (heaven)
Each cantica is subdivided by
smaller collection of lines called
‘canto’.
4. Characters
• Dante- the author’s persona in the
story who took a spiritual
pilgrimage.
• Beatrice- Dante’s late love who
asked God to let Dante take the
spiritual journey. She guided Dante in
Heaven.
• Virgil- the famous Latin poet who
guided dante in Inferno and paradiso
6. This tells the story of Dante and
the Roman poet Virgil going
through the nine levels of hell
in the medieval ages.
7. CIRCLE I
Limbo
The first circle of hell is reserved for people
who were not exactly sinful, but did not
accept Christ for who they thought he was.
Members of this circle include Julius Caesar,
Socrates, Aristotle, and Virgil himself.
8. CIRCLE II
Lust
The second circle of hell
includes the people let lust get a
hold of them.
Members of this circle include
Cleopatra, Helen of Troy, and
Achilles.
9. CIRCLE III
Gluttony
The third circle is for the gluttons,
and poetically are damned to a
place that was like what they
made their lifestyle like.
10. CIRCLE VI
heresy
The sixth circle of hell is for
the people who didn’t believe
in life after death, heaven or
hell.
This includes the followers of
Epicurus.
11. CIRCLE V
Wrath and Sloth
The fifth circle of hell is for
people who are doomed to
dwell in the river Styx, fighting
to the top, with the thousands
of others for air.
12. CIRCLE VI
Heresy
The sixth circle of hell is for the
people who didn’t believe in
life after death, heaven or hell.
This includes the followers of
Epicurus.
13. CIRCLE VII
Violence
This circle is divided into three
parts. Three parts for violence
against people or property,
violence to self, or violence to god.
Members of this circle include
Frederick II, and Brunetto Latini.
14. CIRCLE VIII
fraud
The second to last circle is divided
into eight parts. The different parts
include pimps, thieves, counterfeiters,
and perjurers to name a few.
This circle includes people like
Ulysses, Muhammad, and Jason from
Jason and the Argonauts.
15. CIRCLE IX
Treason
The final circle of hell is divided into four
levels and is for people who commit treason.
Satan is in this ring, waist deep in ice, with
Brutus, Cassius, and Judas in each of his
three heads mouths.
17. This is the place
where the souls of sinners,
who still have the chance to
redeem themselves, would
go after they die.
18. The terraces of PURGATORIO
LATE-REPENTANT
PROUD
ENVIOUS
WRATHFUL
SLOTHFUL
AVARICIOUS
GLUTTONOUS
LUSTFUL
19. ANTE-PURGATORY
This is the level where the
late-repentants stay.
These sinners stay in
purgatory until the prayers of
their loved ones shorten their
stay there.
20. FIRST TERRACE
Those who are proud are
being punished in this level.
The proud are purged by
carrying giant stones on their
backs, unable to stand up
straight
21. SECOND TERRACE
Those who are envious are being
punished in this level.
The envious are purged by having
their eyes sewn shut and wearing
clothing that makes the soul
indistinguishable from the ground
22. THIRD TERRACE
Those who are wrathful are
being punished in this level.
The wrathful are purged by
walking around in acrid smoke
23. FOURTH TERRACE
Those who are slothful are
being punished in this level.
The slothful are purged by
continually running
24. Those who sinned on the fifth
through seventh terraces are
those who loved good things
but loving them in a disordered
way.
25. FIFTH TERRACE
Those who are avaricious and
prodigal are being punished in
this level.
The avaricious and prodigal
are purged by lying face-down
on the ground, unable to move
26. SIXTH TERRACE
Those who are gluttonous are
being punished in this level.
The gluttonous are purged by
abstaining from any food or
drink
27. SEVENTH TERRACE
Those who are lustful are
being punished in this level.
The lustful are purged by
burning in an immense wall of
flame
29. Dante, under the guidance
of Beatrice, completes his journey to
the afterlife by leaving the earth and
rising through the ten celestial
heavens of the ancient cosmos.
Paradiso narrates how Dante and
Beatrice encounter blessed spirits
in the seven planetary spheres.
30.
31.
32. The System of Dante's Paradise
The Ten Heavens
1.The Moon: Faithfulness marred by inconstancy
2. Mercury: Service marred by ambition
3. Venus: Love marred by impurity
4. The Sun: Wisdom; Theologians
5. Mars: Courage; Warriors
33. The System of Dante's Paradise
The Ten Heavens
6. Jupiter: Justice; Rulers
7. Saturn: Temperance; Contemplatives
8. The Fixed Stars: the Church Triumphant
9. The Crystalline, or Primum Mobile: the
Angelic Orders
10. The Empyrean: the Holy Trinity, the Virgin,
the Angels and the Saints
34. --The sphere is that of faith, the content of faith,
taken on trust that will be revealed, realised, self-
evidently as “truth.”
--The spirits in the moon is also associated in our
culture with woman, with the virginity and chastity
of Diana.
--Spirits are those who failed in the aspect of faith
by breaking their vows.
--Though they are forced to leave the religious life,
they had remained true to their heart’s belief and
commitment.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40. Justinian and the hope of the Roman Empire
--refers to the justice of the sin of the Fall of Man.
Mercury is filled with spirits who hoped for earthly fame and
honor, so they impaired the force of their spiritual hope.
The spirits are satisfied because reward is matched with
merit and they are free of envy.
41.
42.
43. -Still in the heaven of Venus, Dante speaks first with Cunizza, the
mistress of the troubadour poet, Sordello, and sister of the
tyrant, Ezzelino da Romano, and secondly with Foulquet of
Marseilles, a troubadour poet, renowned as much for his amours
as for his poetry. The discourse of both souls is concerned with
affairs on earth, Cunizza foretelling the disasters which will befal
the inhabitants of the Trevisan territory, and Foulquet deploring
the avarice of the Church and her neglect of true religion. Both
spirits rejoice in the degree of bliss to which God has destined
them; the love in which they erred in their first life is now
discerned by them as the power by which the universe is
governed.
46. Cunizza da Romano
--Famous for her love affairs, she had four husbands
and many paramours.
-- She admitted her excessive love but she was
contented with her state.
--She also prophesied related to the downfall of Can
Grande’s territory around Verona.
47. Folquet de Marseilles
--The Lover of Cunizza until he
chose to become a Cistercian
monk. He was made Bishop of
Toulouse in 1205.
-- He persecuted the Albigensian
heretics, who actually revolted
against the doctrines and
philosophy of ecclesiasticism and
the Catholic church, till his death in
1231.
48. Folquet asserts that the spirits are beyond
the state of repentance, and thoughts of their
sin, and they dwell on the power that made
the order of the universe.
Their faith asserts redeemed their past lives
of excessive dependence on earthly love and
sexuality.
49. The spirits are manifested who
reconciled spiritual and earthly
wisdom; pagan and Christian learning
and history, and directed the virtuous
Christian life on Earth.
50.
51. 1.Thomas Aquinas (c1225 – 1274)
He sought to achieve a synthesis between Aristotelian philosophy
and Christian thought .
He wrote the Summa Theologica and Summa Contra Gentiles.
2. Albertus of Cologne (1193 – 1280)
They (with Aquinas) ‘Christianized’ Aristotle in adapting his
philosophy .
3. Gratian
Italian Benedictine monk who brought ecclesiastical and civil law
in harmony with each other.
His Decretum was the first systematic treatise on Canon Law.
4. Peter Lombard (c1100 – 1160)
He wrote his four books on God, The Creation, Redemption and
the Sacraments and Last Things, as the chief summary of
medieval theology before Aquinas.
52. 5. Solomon (The King of Israel)
1 Kings 3:5-15
He chose practical wisdom, as his gift from God to rule over the
chosen nation and people of God.
6. Dionysius the Areopagite
He was supposed to have learned the hierarchies and
teachings of St. Paul, who had seen them when rapt up into the
third heaven.
7. Paulus Orosius
An early fifth century writer, whose Historia adversus Paganos
was an apologetic treatise written to show that Christianity had
not ruined the Empire, as Pagans contended.
53. 8. Anicius Manlius Torquatos Severinos Boethius (c475 –
525)
He wrote the Consolation of Philosophy while in prison,
defending the virtuous life and justifying the ways of God.
9. Isidore of Seville (c560 – 636)
10. Bede (c673 – 735)
English Ecclesiastical historian
11. Richard of Saint Victor
The Augustinian mystic who wrote a treatise called De
Contemplatione.
12. Sigier of Brabant (d. c. 1283)
He suggested the inferiority of philosophical argument to faith,
where they were irreconcilable.
54. -- Signifies the virtue of
The red planet carries traditional associations
of blood and war in myth and astrology; but in here, it
represents the associations of the
and of
The Spirits are those of the warriors of God;
those who fought for the Chosen People of the old
law (Old Testament), and of Christ’s Church in the
new (New Testament).
55. -- Dante himself becomes heir to Aeneas and Paul,
the gate of heaven to be twice opened to him, now in
life and afterwards in death, which is Cacciaguida’s
subtle prophecy.
-- He has the power of future vision, but denies pre-
destination; God and Paradise being extra temporal,
outside the flow of events, in the same way as the
eye does not affect the course of the river it sees.
56. It is associated with , with
Jupiter the Roman God, and therefore with the
Roman Emperors, and with the Christian God.
The head and neck of an Eagle
1. The emblem of Rome
2. The divine sign of Empire and justice
57. -- Human vision is
inadequate to
understand all God’s
provision and cannot
judge who will
ultimately be
redeemed, and so we
require faith to bridge
the gap.
58. The contemplative spiritual life of an
individual and the fourth cardinal virtue
of
Is also a reminder of the
Golden Age when in myth, Saturn ruled
the Earth; a time of simplicity,
moderation and primal innocence.
59. Saint Peter Damian of Ravenna
• An ardent reformer of church discipline and one of the
chief ecclesiastical writers of the eleventh century
Saint Benedict (c480 – 543)
• He signifies the self-control and discipline and
obedience and simplicity of the virtue of temperance.
60.
61. Dante will be examined by the Apostles who stand
at the threshold to the Primum Mobile, concerning
his understanding of the theological virtues:
62. Christ entrusted
the keys of the
Church, the faith
to Peter, ‘The
Rock’ on which
the Church would
be built.
Hebrews 11:1
What is faith?
What does it
look for?
On Earth, faith is the substance of, and
the evidence for, what will be seen as
substance in heaven, and there
require no visible proofs.
63. “Hope is the certain expectation of
future bliss, coming from the grace of
God and preceding merit.”
What is Hope
and its source?
64. Dante is temporarily blinded by the
dazzle light of Saint John’s splendor,
like a man gazes at the sun’s eclipse.
Goodness is the object of love, and
since God is the ‘supreme good,’ He is
the supreme object of love. The more
a mind sees the good, the more it
must focus on that ‘supreme’ object,
with love.
What surpasses
the boundary of
love and being
loved in return?
Dante confessed that all things which
share in the Divine Good inspire love
in him; including the world’s creation,
his own being, the redemption and
man’s hope of Paradise.
65. The Angelic Circles
• There is a spiritual rather than a spatial
correspondence between the two arrangements.
Concentric Sphere
• Centered on Earth
Concentric Angelic Orders
• Centered on God
God is both the
center and the
circumference.
66.
67. • Beatrice explained that unlike Satan who fell
through pride, the angels opened themselves to
God and understood their place humbly, and that
is a virtue to open oneself to grace, likewise.
• The Angels has free will and understanding, but do not
require memory since they see past, present and the
future.
• The “Angels” is a term applied collectively to signify
‘messengers’ and the higher Angels can execute the
functions of the lower angels, while having their special
additional qualities.
68. Here, Dante had seen the redeemed spirits and
the angels in their form of the Last Judgment.
The Emyrean is the full Light of Truth which is filled
with Divine Love. That love is full of transcendent
joy coming from the Supreme God, the essence of
Love.
69. The Angels fly among the redeemed, in the form of a
white rose, and God. Angels’ faces are flame, their wings
golden and the rest, white: the three colors that
symbolize Love, Knowledge and Purity.
70. The Virgin Mary
Eve
Rachel (Jacob’s wife)
With Beatrice
Sarah (Abraham’s
wife)
Rebecca (Isaac’s wife)
Judith (Jewish patriotic
heroine)
Ruth (Boaz’ wife,
great grandmother of
David)
These are those who came
with or after Christ:
John the Baptist
Francis (who carried the stigmata)
Benedict (opposite that other
contemplative Rachel)
Augustine
The Ranks are separated on either side of the Virgin
into those before Christ’s coming (on the left), and
those after (on the right).
71. The souls on the right and left of Mary in the First
rank
Adam
Moses
Peter
John
St. Anne (Mary’s
Mother
St. Lucy (Dante’s
patron saint)
72. Dante looked into the Divine Light.
His power of Vision and of memory is beyond
speech, and like a dreamer, he retains only the
impression and the glorious light.
His Vision, in the moment of
Supreme stillness, beyond time, is of universal
unity, bounded together by love in a simplicity
of light.
--End