Italian literature encompasses works written in the Italian language, with prominent figures such as Dante Alighieri, Francesco Petrarca, and St. Francis of Assisi leading the way. Dante's 'Divine Comedy' is an epic allegory reflecting the journey of the soul towards God, while Petrarch is celebrated for his humanist lyric poetry. St. Francis is revered for his simplicity and love for nature, exemplified in his hymns like 'The Canticle of the Sun.'