DIVERSIFOOD Final Congress - Session 3 - Evolutionary Participatory Breeding of bread wheat for organic farming in Italy - Bussi & Petitti
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"Evolutionary Participatory Breeding of bread wheat for organic farming in Italy" by Bettina Bussi and Matteo Petitti
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DIVERSIFOOD Final Congress - Session 3 - Evolutionary Participatory Breeding of bread wheat for organic farming in Italy - Bussi & Petitti
- 4. Evolutionary Participatory Breeding: 8 years of European research projects 2010 -2014 2015 -2018 Generating new diversity Dynamic management of agro-biodiversity SOLIBAM orzo La popolazione di orzo viene costituita nel 2008 da Salvatore Ceccarelli e i suoi collaboratori all’ICARDA mescolando 1600 F2 ottenute da oltre 300 parentali diversi (tra cui due accessioni del progenitore selvatico H. spontaneum). In Italia la coltivazione della popolazione inizia nel 2010 con 4 agricoltori: Corbo e Ruggiero in Molise, Floriddia in Toscana e Pitton in Friuli. A ciascun agricoltore viene dato un quantitativo iniziale di 2-3kg di seme e nell’arco di pochissimi anni la popolazione si diffonde nelle regioni di partenza raggiungendo un picco di 15 agricoltori nel 2015, che scendono a 6 nel 2017 (il numero reale è sicuramente superiore). Uno dei maggiori limiti ad una maggiore diffusione della popolazione in alcune regioni è la mancanza di sbocchi per la granella: in Molise per esempio l’assenza di aziende zootecniche biologiche rende difficile la valorizzazione di questa coltura che di fatto è considerata una scelta di ripiego. In Toscana, nel 2012, presso l’azienda Floriddia è stata inoltre effettuata una selezione delle spighe da cui si sono create 2 nuove sub-popolazioni, una caratterizzata da spighe distiche, l’altra da spighe polistiche, coltivate per la prima volta nel 2012/2013. Inoltre, nel 2013, nel mulino dell’azienda viene fatta una selezione in base alle caratteristiche di molitura che viene coltivata per la
- 6. • 14 entries • 4 locations • 4 years • 336 evaluators • Spatial analysis • GGE Biplot Materials and Methods
- 7. Tested plants: varieties and populations Entry Name Type Origin 1 SOLIBAM Tenero Floriddia Population (200 PLs-CCP) ICARDA - Syria 2 SOLIBAM Tenero Li Rosi Population (200 PLs-CCP) ICARDA - Syria 3 SOLIBAM Tenero Rosati Population (200 PLs-CCP) ICARDA - Syria 4 SOLIBAM Selezione Tenero Floriddia Population (200 PLs-CCP) ICARDA - Syria
- 8. Tested plants: varieties and populations Entry Name Type Origin 1 SOLIBAM Tenero Floriddia Population (200 PLs-CCP) ICARDA - Syria 2 SOLIBAM Tenero Li Rosi Population (200 PLs-CCP) ICARDA - Syria 3 SOLIBAM Tenero Rosati Population (200 PLs-CCP) ICARDA - Syria 4 SOLIBAM Selezione Tenero Floriddia Population (200 PLs-CCP) ICARDA - Syria 5 COBRA A Population (20 PLs-CCP) ORC - UK 6 COBRA Y Population (9 PLs-CCP) ORC - UK 7 COBRA Q Population (12 PLs-CCP) ORC - UK
- 9. Tested plants: varieties and populations Entry Name Type Origin 1 SOLIBAM Tenero Floriddia Population (200 PLs-CCP) ICARDA - Syria 2 SOLIBAM Tenero Li Rosi Population (200 PLs-CCP) ICARDA - Syria 3 SOLIBAM Tenero Rosati Population (200 PLs-CCP) ICARDA - Syria 4 SOLIBAM Selezione Tenero Floriddia Population (200 PLs-CCP) ICARDA - Syria 5 COBRA A Population (20 PLs-CCP) ORC - UK 6 COBRA Y Population (9 PLs-CCP) ORC - UK 7 COBRA Q Population (12 PLs-CCP) ORC - UK 8 Piemonte Tenero Mix Old varieties mixture (8) Italy 9 Vecchie Varietà Mix Old varieties mixture (3) Italy 10 Varietà Moderne Mix Modern variety mixture (3) Italy
- 10. Tested plants: varieties and populations Entry Name Type Origin 1 SOLIBAM Tenero Floriddia Population (200 PLs-CCP) ICARDA - Syria 2 SOLIBAM Tenero Li Rosi Population (200 PLs-CCP) ICARDA - Syria 3 SOLIBAM Tenero Rosati Population (200 PLs-CCP) ICARDA - Syria 4 SOLIBAM Selezione Tenero Floriddia Population (200 PLs-CCP) ICARDA - Syria 5 COBRA A Population (20 PLs-CCP) ORC - UK 6 COBRA Y Population (9 PLs-CCP) ORC - UK 7 COBRA Q Population (12 PLs-CCP) ORC - UK 8 Piemonte Tenero Mix Old varieties mixture (8) Italy 9 Vecchie Varietà Mix Old varieties mixture (3) Italy 10 Varietà Moderne Mix Modern variety mixture (3) Italy 11 Maiorca Local variety - Sicily Italy 12 Andriolo Local variety – Tuscany Italy 13 Gentil Rosso Aristato Old variety Italy
- 11. Tested plants: varieties and populations Entry Name Type Origin 1 SOLIBAM Tenero Floriddia Population (200 PLs-CCP) ICARDA - Syria 2 SOLIBAM Tenero Li Rosi Population (200 PLs-CCP) ICARDA - Syria 3 SOLIBAM Tenero Rosati Population (200 PLs-CCP) ICARDA - Syria 4 SOLIBAM Selezione Tenero Floriddia Population (200 PLs-CCP) ICARDA - Syria 5 COBRA A Population (20 PLs-CCP) ORC - UK 6 COBRA Y Population (9 PLs-CCP) ORC - UK 7 COBRA Q Population (12 PLs-CCP) ORC - UK 8 Piemonte Tenero Mix Old varieties mixture (8) Italy 9 Vecchie Varietà Mix Old varieties mixture (3) Italy 10 Varietà Moderne Mix Modern variety mixture (3) Italy 11 Maiorca Local variety - Sicily Italy 12 Andriolo Local variety – Tuscany Italy 13 Gentil Rosso Aristato Old variety Italy 14 Emese Modern variety – control Hungary
- 12. • 200 parental lines • 1996 crosses • Constituted in 2009 • Seed shared among farmers… SOLIBAM Bread Wheat Evolutionary Population
- 13. SOLIBAM SOFT WHEAT 2011-2017 ICARDA EVOLUTIONARY POPULATION LI ROSI - SICILY DI BENEDETTO - PUGLIA 23KG 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 YEAR OF HARVEST: STARTING WITH FIRST SOWING IN OCTOBER 2010 FLORDIDDIA - TUSCANY FLORIDDIA - TUSCANY FLORIDDIA - TUSCANY FLORIDDIA - TUSCANY FLORDIDDIA - TUSCANY FLORIDDIA - TUSCANY FLORIDDIA SELECTION - TUSCANY FLORIDDIA SELECTION - TUSCANY FLORIDDIA SELECTION - TUSCANY FLORIDDIA SELECTION - TUSCANY 20182017 FLORIDDIA SELECTION - TUSCANY FLORIDDIA SELECTION - TUSCANY FLORIDDIA - TUSCANY LI ROSI - SICILY LI ROSI - SICILY LI ROSI - SICILY LI ROSI - SICILY LI ROSI - SICILY FLORIDDIA - TUSCANY LI ROSI - SICILY LI ROSI - SICILY ROSATI - ABRUZZO ROSATI - ABRUZZO ROSATI - ABRUZZO DI GRIGOLI - TUSCANY FAZZI - TUSCANY ANTONINI - TUSCANY SAN MARINO CASA DELLE AGRICOLTURE - PUGLIA RECCHIA - BASILICATA TIBI - PIEMONTE CENACCHI - EMILIA ROMAGNA (?) SAN BONIFACIO - VENETO CASCINA GALLINA - LOMBARDIA BERTONI - TUSCANY ANGELINI - LAZIO VENTURELLI - CAMPANIA PELLEGRINO - CAMPANIA PONTILLO - CAMPANIA ROSSI F. - MARCHE CARINI - MARCHE GIROBELLI - MARCHE CIOMMI - MARCHE A. MONALDI - MARCHE COOP GERREI - SARDINIA CUCCIA - SICLILY CARDACI - SICILY STASSI - SICILY TERRA DEL SOLE - SICILY NICOLETTI - SICILY LA VIA DEL GRANO - SICILY MELI -SICILY MILITELLO - SICILY IL SALTO - MARCHE ROSATI - ABRUZZO ROSATI - ABRUZZO VALENTE - ABRUZZO DI BUO' MARCHE DI BUO' MARCHE ANNIBALI - MARCHE MISCELLA BRUNI - MARCHE DE ANGELIS - MARCHE ANNIBALI - MARCHE MISCELLA BRUNI - MARCHE DE ANGELIS - MARCHE BRUNETTI - CALABRIA SARDINIA 3 SARDINIA CABONI - SARDINIA BRUNETTI - CALABRIA SARDINIA 3 GIORGIO (+ VL SARDA) - SARDINIA CABONI - SARDINIA CASA DELLE AGRICOLTURE - PUGLIA RECCHIA - BASILICATA SAN MARINO MARMUCCINI - TUSCANY MODEGGI - TUSCANY RIVIERE - RANCIA SAN BONIFACIO - VENETO CENACCHI - EMILIA ROMAGNA CENACCHI - EMILIA ROMAGNA BELLIN - TUSCANY BELLIN - TUSCANY PAZZAGLI - TUSCANY SSSUP - TUSCANY VALLI UNITE - PIEMONTE VALLI UNITE - PIEMONTE PISANI - PIEMONTE AGRICOLA NUOVA - LAZIO TAVAZZANI STERPAIA - TUSCANY STERPAIA - TUSCANY DINELLI - EMILIA ROMAGNA CARINI - MARCHE BELLINI - TUSCANY BERNA - UMBRIA ROSATI - ABRUZZO VERONESI - EMILIA ROMAGNA CERRANO - TUSCANY CARUCCI - PIEMONTE ANGELINI - LAZIO BERTONI - TUSCANY LASTRUCCI - TUSCANY CASCINA GALLINA - LOMBARDIA PELLEGRINO - CAMPANIA MATIAZZI - EMILIA ROMAGNA PANDOLFI - TUSCANY PACETI - TUSCANY ROSSI F. - MARCHE DI BUO' MARCHE ROSSI- LOMBARDIA PONTILLO - CAMPANIA VENTURELLI - CAMPANIA DESBRI - LOMBARDIA BATTEZZATO - MOLISE DESBRI - LOMBARDIA PETACCIATO - MOLISE DESBRI - LOMBARDIA PETACCIATO - MOLISE SARDINIA 3 GIORGIO (+ VL SARDA) - SARDINIA CABONI - SARDINIA BRUNETTI - CALABRIA AURORA COCCI DE ANGELIS - MARCHE BRUNI - MARCHE SAN MARINO RECCHIA - BASILICATA CASA DELLE AGRICOLTURE - PUGLIA TIBI - PIEMONTE MARMUCCINI - TUSCANY SAN BONIFACIO - VENETO CENACCHI - EMILIA ROMAGNA BELLIN - TUSCANY PEPE - ABRUZZO PEPE - ABRUZZO ANNIBALI - MARCHE BATTAGLIA - ABRUZZO BATTAGLIA - ABRUZZO VITTORI - MARCHE MARIANI - MARCHE CARINI - MARCHE CARINI - MARCHE FARMER SELECTION NO SELECTION ARCHIMISSA - SARDINIA DEIANA - SARDINIA KENTOS - SARDINIA CARBONI - SARDINIA CASA VECCHIA - EMILIA ROMAGNA VITTORI - CAMPANIA TRABALLOSU - SARDINIA BADDE MENDULA - SARDINIA RICCI - SARDINIA ROCCATANI - SARDINIA TERRA & ABBA - SARDINIA FADDA - SARDINIA DESOGUS - SARDINIA MICELI - SICILY LE MURA - UMBRIA PETICCA - LAZIO CACCHI - LAZIO GUARINI - PUGLIA PASSERINI - TUSCANY BALZANI - TUSCANY PASTORE - TUSCANY DI STEFANO - TUSCANY FRANCHINI - TUSCANY PANDOLFINI - TUSCANY BELLIN - TUSCANY CORROTTI - TUSCANY CARUBIA - TUSCANY PARISI - UMBRIA MUSINI - UMBRIA MARGIACCHI - TUSCANY RONCALEGGI - TUSCANY FELICIOTTI - TUSCANY MEACCI - TUSCANI BRUSCHI - TUSCANY MOLINO ANGELI - TUSCANI DI BUO' MARCHE DE ANGELIS - MARCHE BRUNETTI - CALABRIA 3KG 3KG 2KG SELECTION OF 2012 BEST EARS 20 KG 73 KG 5KG 440KG 20KG 20KG 20KG 20KG 2KG 30KG 15KG 1KG 100KG 5KG 1KG 4KG 4KG 2KG 4KG 3KG 500GR 1.5KG 1KG 1KG 1KG 1KG 2KG 15KG 15KG 500GR 500GR 1KG 9.6KG 1KG 1KG 1KG 1KG 3KG 1KG 1KG 1KG 9KG 1KG 1KG Via PAolo di Luzio 5 KG 15KG 20ha 750 KG 1250 KG 2100 KG 100 KG 500 KG 2050 KG 1500 KG 1100 KG 200 KG 150 KG 100 KG 125 KG 75 KG 100 KG 100 KG 100 KG 100 KG 400 KG 750 KG 150 KG 150 KG 100 KG 50 KG 400 KG 200 KG 300 KG 100 KG 200 KG 100 KG 100 KG 100 KG 100 KG 100 KG 100 KG 100 KG 100 KG 100 KG 100 KG 100 KG 100 KG 100 KKG 100 KG 100 KG 100 KG 100 KG 100 KG 100 KG 100 KG 100 KG 2 KG SOLIBAM Bread Wheat Evolutionary Population …until certified seed became commercially available in 2017 thanks to 2014/150/EU
- 14. SOLIBAM SOFT WHEAT 2011-2017 ICARDA EVOLUTIONARY POPULATION LI ROSI - SICILY DI BENEDETTO - PUGLIA 23KG 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 YEAR OF HARVEST: STARTING WITH FIRST SOWING IN OCTOBER 2010 FLORDIDDIA - TUSCANY FLORIDDIA - TUSCANY FLORIDDIA - TUSCANY FLORIDDIA - TUSCANY FLORDIDDIA - TUSCANY FLORIDDIA - TUSCANY FLORIDDIA SELECTION - TUSCANY FLORIDDIA SELECTION - TUSCANY FLORIDDIA SELECTION - TUSCANY FLORIDDIA SELECTION - TUSCANY 20182017 FLORIDDIA SELECTION - TUSCANY FLORIDDIA SELECTION - TUSCANY FLORIDDIA - TUSCANY LI ROSI - SICILY LI ROSI - SICILY LI ROSI - SICILY LI ROSI - SICILY LI ROSI - SICILY FLORIDDIA - TUSCANY LI ROSI - SICILY LI ROSI - SICILY ROSATI - ABRUZZO ROSATI - ABRUZZO ROSATI - ABRUZZO DI GRIGOLI - TUSCANY FAZZI - TUSCANY ANTONINI - TUSCANY SAN MARINO CASA DELLE AGRICOLTURE - PUGLIA RECCHIA - BASILICATA TIBI - PIEMONTE CENACCHI - EMILIA ROMAGNA (?) SAN BONIFACIO - VENETO CASCINA GALLINA - LOMBARDIA BERTONI - TUSCANY ANGELINI - LAZIO VENTURELLI - CAMPANIA PELLEGRINO - CAMPANIA PONTILLO - CAMPANIA ROSSI F. - MARCHE CARINI - MARCHE GIROBELLI - MARCHE CIOMMI - MARCHE A. MONALDI - MARCHE COOP GERREI - SARDINIA CUCCIA - SICLILY CARDACI - SICILY STASSI - SICILY TERRA DEL SOLE - SICILY NICOLETTI - SICILY LA VIA DEL GRANO - SICILY MELI -SICILY MILITELLO - SICILY IL SALTO - MARCHE ROSATI - ABRUZZO ROSATI - ABRUZZO VALENTE - ABRUZZO DI BUO' MARCHE DI BUO' MARCHE ANNIBALI - MARCHE MISCELLA BRUNI - MARCHE DE ANGELIS - MARCHE ANNIBALI - MARCHE MISCELLA BRUNI - MARCHE DE ANGELIS - MARCHE BRUNETTI - CALABRIA SARDINIA 3 SARDINIA CABONI - SARDINIA BRUNETTI - CALABRIA SARDINIA 3 GIORGIO (+ VL SARDA) - SARDINIA CABONI - SARDINIA CASA DELLE AGRICOLTURE - PUGLIA RECCHIA - BASILICATA SAN MARINO MARMUCCINI - TUSCANY MODEGGI - TUSCANY RIVIERE - RANCIA SAN BONIFACIO - VENETO CENACCHI - EMILIA ROMAGNA CENACCHI - EMILIA ROMAGNA BELLIN - TUSCANY BELLIN - TUSCANY PAZZAGLI - TUSCANY SSSUP - TUSCANY VALLI UNITE - PIEMONTE VALLI UNITE - PIEMONTE PISANI - PIEMONTE AGRICOLA NUOVA - LAZIO TAVAZZANI STERPAIA - TUSCANY STERPAIA - TUSCANY DINELLI - EMILIA ROMAGNA CARINI - MARCHE BELLINI - TUSCANY BERNA - UMBRIA ROSATI - ABRUZZO VERONESI - EMILIA ROMAGNA CERRANO - TUSCANY CARUCCI - PIEMONTE ANGELINI - LAZIO BERTONI - TUSCANY LASTRUCCI - TUSCANY CASCINA GALLINA - LOMBARDIA PELLEGRINO - CAMPANIA MATIAZZI - EMILIA ROMAGNA PANDOLFI - TUSCANY PACETI - TUSCANY ROSSI F. - MARCHE DI BUO' MARCHE ROSSI- LOMBARDIA PONTILLO - CAMPANIA VENTURELLI - CAMPANIA DESBRI - LOMBARDIA BATTEZZATO - MOLISE DESBRI - LOMBARDIA PETACCIATO - MOLISE DESBRI - LOMBARDIA PETACCIATO - MOLISE SARDINIA 3 GIORGIO (+ VL SARDA) - SARDINIA CABONI - SARDINIA BRUNETTI - CALABRIA AURORA COCCI DE ANGELIS - MARCHE BRUNI - MARCHE SAN MARINO RECCHIA - BASILICATA CASA DELLE AGRICOLTURE - PUGLIA TIBI - PIEMONTE MARMUCCINI - TUSCANY SAN BONIFACIO - VENETO CENACCHI - EMILIA ROMAGNA BELLIN - TUSCANY PEPE - ABRUZZO PEPE - ABRUZZO ANNIBALI - MARCHE BATTAGLIA - ABRUZZO BATTAGLIA - ABRUZZO VITTORI - MARCHE MARIANI - MARCHE CARINI - MARCHE CARINI - MARCHE FARMER SELECTION NO SELECTION ARCHIMISSA - SARDINIA DEIANA - SARDINIA KENTOS - SARDINIA CARBONI - SARDINIA CASA VECCHIA - EMILIA ROMAGNA VITTORI - CAMPANIA TRABALLOSU - SARDINIA BADDE MENDULA - SARDINIA RICCI - SARDINIA ROCCATANI - SARDINIA TERRA & ABBA - SARDINIA FADDA - SARDINIA DESOGUS - SARDINIA MICELI - SICILY LE MURA - UMBRIA PETICCA - LAZIO CACCHI - LAZIO GUARINI - PUGLIA PASSERINI - TUSCANY BALZANI - TUSCANY PASTORE - TUSCANY DI STEFANO - TUSCANY FRANCHINI - TUSCANY PANDOLFINI - TUSCANY BELLIN - TUSCANY CORROTTI - TUSCANY CARUBIA - TUSCANY PARISI - UMBRIA MUSINI - UMBRIA MARGIACCHI - TUSCANY RONCALEGGI - TUSCANY FELICIOTTI - TUSCANY MEACCI - TUSCANI BRUSCHI - TUSCANY MOLINO ANGELI - TUSCANI DI BUO' MARCHE DE ANGELIS - MARCHE BRUNETTI - CALABRIA 3KG 3KG 2KG SELECTION OF 2012 BEST EARS 20 KG 73 KG 5KG 440KG 20KG 20KG 20KG 20KG 2KG 30KG 15KG 1KG 100KG 5KG 1KG 4KG 4KG 2KG 4KG 3KG 500GR 1.5KG 1KG 1KG 1KG 1KG 2KG 15KG 15KG 500GR 500GR 1KG 9.6KG 1KG 1KG 1KG 1KG 3KG 1KG 1KG 1KG 9KG 1KG 1KG Via PAolo di Luzio 5 KG 15KG 20ha 750 KG 1250 KG 2100 KG 100 KG 500 KG 2050 KG 1500 KG 1100 KG 200 KG 150 KG 100 KG 125 KG 75 KG 100 KG 100 KG 100 KG 100 KG 400 KG 750 KG 150 KG 150 KG 100 KG 50 KG 400 KG 200 KG 300 KG 100 KG 200 KG 100 KG 100 KG 100 KG 100 KG 100 KG 100 KG 100 KG 100 KG 100 KG 100 KG 100 KG 100 KG 100 KKG 100 KG 100 KG 100 KG 100 KG 100 KG 100 KG 100 KG 100 KG 2 KG SOLIBAM Bread Wheat Evolutionary Population • Field trials start here
- 15. SOLIBAM SOFT WHEAT 2011-2017 ICARDA EVOLUTIONARY POPULATION LI ROSI - SICILY DI BENEDETTO - PUGLIA 23KG 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 YEAR OF HARVEST: STARTING WITH FIRST SOWING IN OCTOBER 2010 FLORDIDDIA - TUSCANY FLORIDDIA - TUSCANY FLORIDDIA - TUSCANY FLORIDDIA - TUSCANY FLORDIDDIA - TUSCANY FLORIDDIA - TUSCANY FLORIDDIA SELECTION - TUSCANY FLORIDDIA SELECTION - TUSCANY FLORIDDIA SELECTION - TUSCANY FLORIDDIA SELECTION - TUSCANY 20182017 FLORIDDIA SELECTION - TUSCANY FLORIDDIA SELECTION - TUSCANY FLORIDDIA - TUSCANY LI ROSI - SICILY LI ROSI - SICILY LI ROSI - SICILY LI ROSI - SICILY LI ROSI - SICILY FLORIDDIA - TUSCANY LI ROSI - SICILY LI ROSI - SICILY ROSATI - ABRUZZO ROSATI - ABRUZZO ROSATI - ABRUZZO DI GRIGOLI - TUSCANY FAZZI - TUSCANY ANTONINI - TUSCANY SAN MARINO CASA DELLE AGRICOLTURE - PUGLIA RECCHIA - BASILICATA TIBI - PIEMONTE CENACCHI - EMILIA ROMAGNA (?) SAN BONIFACIO - VENETO CASCINA GALLINA - LOMBARDIA BERTONI - TUSCANY ANGELINI - LAZIO VENTURELLI - CAMPANIA PELLEGRINO - CAMPANIA PONTILLO - CAMPANIA ROSSI F. - MARCHE CARINI - MARCHE GIROBELLI - MARCHE CIOMMI - MARCHE A. MONALDI - MARCHE COOP GERREI - SARDINIA CUCCIA - SICLILY CARDACI - SICILY STASSI - SICILY TERRA DEL SOLE - SICILY NICOLETTI - SICILY LA VIA DEL GRANO - SICILY MELI -SICILY MILITELLO - SICILY IL SALTO - MARCHE ROSATI - ABRUZZO ROSATI - ABRUZZO VALENTE - ABRUZZO DI BUO' MARCHE DI BUO' MARCHE ANNIBALI - MARCHE MISCELLA BRUNI - MARCHE DE ANGELIS - MARCHE ANNIBALI - MARCHE MISCELLA BRUNI - MARCHE DE ANGELIS - MARCHE BRUNETTI - CALABRIA SARDINIA 3 SARDINIA CABONI - SARDINIA BRUNETTI - CALABRIA SARDINIA 3 GIORGIO (+ VL SARDA) - SARDINIA CABONI - SARDINIA CASA DELLE AGRICOLTURE - PUGLIA RECCHIA - BASILICATA SAN MARINO MARMUCCINI - TUSCANY MODEGGI - TUSCANY RIVIERE - RANCIA SAN BONIFACIO - VENETO CENACCHI - EMILIA ROMAGNA CENACCHI - EMILIA ROMAGNA BELLIN - TUSCANY BELLIN - TUSCANY PAZZAGLI - TUSCANY SSSUP - TUSCANY VALLI UNITE - PIEMONTE VALLI UNITE - PIEMONTE PISANI - PIEMONTE AGRICOLA NUOVA - LAZIO TAVAZZANI STERPAIA - TUSCANY STERPAIA - TUSCANY DINELLI - EMILIA ROMAGNA CARINI - MARCHE BELLINI - TUSCANY BERNA - UMBRIA ROSATI - ABRUZZO VERONESI - EMILIA ROMAGNA CERRANO - TUSCANY CARUCCI - PIEMONTE ANGELINI - LAZIO BERTONI - TUSCANY LASTRUCCI - TUSCANY CASCINA GALLINA - LOMBARDIA PELLEGRINO - CAMPANIA MATIAZZI - EMILIA ROMAGNA PANDOLFI - TUSCANY PACETI - TUSCANY ROSSI F. - MARCHE DI BUO' MARCHE ROSSI- LOMBARDIA PONTILLO - CAMPANIA VENTURELLI - CAMPANIA DESBRI - LOMBARDIA BATTEZZATO - MOLISE DESBRI - LOMBARDIA PETACCIATO - MOLISE DESBRI - LOMBARDIA PETACCIATO - MOLISE SARDINIA 3 GIORGIO (+ VL SARDA) - SARDINIA CABONI - SARDINIA BRUNETTI - CALABRIA AURORA COCCI DE ANGELIS - MARCHE BRUNI - MARCHE SAN MARINO RECCHIA - BASILICATA CASA DELLE AGRICOLTURE - PUGLIA TIBI - PIEMONTE MARMUCCINI - TUSCANY SAN BONIFACIO - VENETO CENACCHI - EMILIA ROMAGNA BELLIN - TUSCANY PEPE - ABRUZZO PEPE - ABRUZZO ANNIBALI - MARCHE BATTAGLIA - ABRUZZO BATTAGLIA - ABRUZZO VITTORI - MARCHE MARIANI - MARCHE CARINI - MARCHE CARINI - MARCHE FARMER SELECTION NO SELECTION ARCHIMISSA - SARDINIA DEIANA - SARDINIA KENTOS - SARDINIA CARBONI - SARDINIA CASA VECCHIA - EMILIA ROMAGNA VITTORI - CAMPANIA TRABALLOSU - SARDINIA BADDE MENDULA - SARDINIA RICCI - SARDINIA ROCCATANI - SARDINIA TERRA & ABBA - SARDINIA FADDA - SARDINIA DESOGUS - SARDINIA MICELI - SICILY LE MURA - UMBRIA PETICCA - LAZIO CACCHI - LAZIO GUARINI - PUGLIA PASSERINI - TUSCANY BALZANI - TUSCANY PASTORE - TUSCANY DI STEFANO - TUSCANY FRANCHINI - TUSCANY PANDOLFINI - TUSCANY BELLIN - TUSCANY CORROTTI - TUSCANY CARUBIA - TUSCANY PARISI - UMBRIA MUSINI - UMBRIA MARGIACCHI - TUSCANY RONCALEGGI - TUSCANY FELICIOTTI - TUSCANY MEACCI - TUSCANI BRUSCHI - TUSCANY MOLINO ANGELI - TUSCANI DI BUO' MARCHE DE ANGELIS - MARCHE BRUNETTI - CALABRIA 3KG 3KG 2KG SELECTION OF 2012 BEST EARS 20 KG 73 KG 5KG 440KG 20KG 20KG 20KG 20KG 2KG 30KG 15KG 1KG 100KG 5KG 1KG 4KG 4KG 2KG 4KG 3KG 500GR 1.5KG 1KG 1KG 1KG 1KG 2KG 15KG 15KG 500GR 500GR 1KG 9.6KG 1KG 1KG 1KG 1KG 3KG 1KG 1KG 1KG 9KG 1KG 1KG Via PAolo di Luzio 5 KG 15KG 20ha 750 KG 1250 KG 2100 KG 100 KG 500 KG 2050 KG 1500 KG 1100 KG 200 KG 150 KG 100 KG 125 KG 75 KG 100 KG 100 KG 100 KG 100 KG 400 KG 750 KG 150 KG 150 KG 100 KG 50 KG 400 KG 200 KG 300 KG 100 KG 200 KG 100 KG 100 KG 100 KG 100 KG 100 KG 100 KG 100 KG 100 KG 100 KG 100 KG 100 KG 100 KG 100 KKG 100 KG 100 KG 100 KG 100 KG 100 KG 100 KG 100 KG 100 KG 2 KG SOLIBAM Bread Wheat Evolutionary Population
- 16. • 14 entries • 4 locations • 4 years • 336 evaluators • Spatial analysis • GGE Biplot Materials and Methods
- 19. • SOLIBAM Bread Wheat grown in two organic farms since 2010 (SOL_FL & SOL_LR) • One third farm since 2013 (SOL_RO) • On-farm comparative field trials in 4 locations from 2015 for 4 years 4 locations
- 20. • Weather stations data collected for each location and growing season since SOLIBAM first sowing in October 2010 • Climate Analogues Tool developed by CIAT-CCAFS compares climates across different spatial and time scales (Brown & Katz 1995; Ramirez et al. 2011) • Baseline: Ø WorldClim 1970-2000 • RCP 8.5 Scenario: Ø General Circulation Models’ Ensemble 2020-2050 Current and projected climate data IPCC, 2013
- 22. R² = 0.58 R² = 0.01 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 3000 3200 3400 3600 3800 4000 4200 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Seasonal rainfall -October-June (mm) Thermal time -October-June (GDD) Floriddia GDD Floriddia rainfall R² = 0.70 R² = 0.39 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 3000 3200 3400 3600 3800 4000 4200 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Seasonal rainfall -October-June (mm) Thermal time -October-June (GDD) Li Rosi GDD Li Rosi rainfall Tuscany Sicily Meteorological data shows different climates and climatic patterns
- 23. Climate, populations and specific adaptation SOLIBAM LI ROSI (SOL_LR) SOLIBAM FLORIDDIA (SOL_FL)
- 25. Current climatic conditions are quickly shifting due to climate change Current and future climatic implications EVOLUTIONARY POPULATION CONSTITUTION BREEDER DECENTRALISED PARTICIPATORY RESEARCH TECHNICAL SUPPORT EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN DATA ANALYSIS RESULTS SHARING WITH STAKEHOLDERS EP CULTIVATION IN TARGET ENVIRONMENTS DECLARATION OF SEED PRODUCTION AREA SEED CERTIFICATION OFFICE EP QUALITY AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SEED CERTIFICATION OFFICE REGIONAL PLANT HEALTH OFFICE AUTHORISATION FOR EP SEED SALE OF CERTIFIED QUANTITIES SEED MARKET REGISTRATION FOR EXPERIMENTAL EP SEED MARKETING SEED CERTIFICATION OFFICE PRELIMINARY EVALUATION FARMER - FARMERS' NETWORK - DECENTRALISED SEED ENTERPRISE MAINTENANCE BREEDING APPROPRIATE EQUIPMENT SEED CLEANING AND STORAGE GENE BANK - COMMUNITY SEED BANKS ON STATION OK ON FARM ON FARM APPLICATION Climate data: Mean monthly temperatures and precipitations - Oct-June. WorldClim (1970-2000); GCM Models’ ensemble for Climate Change Scenario RCP 8.5 (2020-2050). Climate Similarity Index > 75%. Credit: CCAFS/CIAT- Colombia: http://www.ccafs-analogues.org/ Acknowledgements: SOLIBAM, DIVERSIFOOD, LIVESEED, NUI-GALWAY, CCAFS/CIAT, CEREALI RESILIENTI Evolutionary populations for specific adaptation Evolutionary Populations (EP) of food crops are able to adapt to different agro- ecological environments, making them ideally suited to obtaining specifically adapted populations, thus increasing farmers’ resilience, and adapting to climatic changes as they occur. A precondition for the successful deployment of EPs is that the seeds is produced in the same region in which it will be utilized, with farmers playing central roles as both seed users and producers (Fig. 1). A bread wheat EP evolved for eight growing seasons (2011-2018) in an organic farm in Tuscany (circled star, Fig. 3). In 2017 seed was distributed to 20 additional organic or low-input farms interested in growing the EP. The farmers belonging to this group organised themselves as a network composed of seed-hubs and satellite farms according to location, size, seed storage availability and access to seed cleaning equipment. M. Petitti1,2, S. Ceccarelli1, R. Bocci1, C. Spillane2, P. C. McKeown2 and B. Bussi1 1Rete Semi Rurali, Via di Casignano, 25, 50018 Scandicci (FI), Italy; 2MScCCAFS Program, Plant & AgriBiosciences Research Centre (PABC), Ryan Institute for Sustainable Development, National University of Ireland Galway, University Rd, Galway H91 REW4, Ireland. Climate resilient seed systems for evolutionary bread wheat populations in Italy Supporting decentralised seed systems with climate information The Climate Analogues approach allows the climate of a chosen location to be compared with that of a search range. Non-directional analysis (current current or projected projected) indicates present or future climatic similarities between each seed-hub and the rest of the region (Fig. 3 and 4 A). Forward simulations (current projected) show how current growing conditions may shift due to climate change (Fig. 4 B). Figure 3. Climatically homogeneous zones surrounding each of the designated seed-hubs - WorldClim data 1970-2000 Figure 4. Two potential climate change scenarios for 2020-2050. (A) Adaptation occurs as the wheat EPs keep evolving in each seed-hub, thus adjusting to the changing climate and maintaining the current equilibrium over time (see Fig. 3); (B) In absence of adaptation genetically uniform wheat cultivars, which lack the ability to adapt, become gradually less productive in the areas where they were originally grown, as suitable climatic conditions are shifting northwards and to higher elevations. A B The EU Commission’s implementing decision (2014/150/EU) providing for certain derogations for the marketing of populations of wheat, barley, oats and maize, has provided the legal framework for the marketing of bread wheat EP seed in Italy. This was the first time that non-uniform certified cereal seed has been sold, since the institution of the European Common Catalogue. From 2021, with the new Organic Regulation (2018/848/EU) EP seed of all crops shall be marketed as Organic Heterogeneous MaterialFigure 2. On-farm focus group on EP management for decentralised seed systems Figure 1. The Italian model for an innovative, integrated and decentralised EP seed-system: from EP constitution & registration, to seed production, certification and marketing.
- 26. −1.5 −1.0 −0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 −1.0−0.50.00.51.01.5 Mean vs. Stability AXIS1 32.96 % AXIS217.5% SOL_FL SOL_LR SOL_RO SOL_FLS C_A C_Y C_Q P_Mix OV_Mix MV_Mix Maiorca Andriolo Frassineto Emese Gentilrosso To15 Si15 Mo15 To16 Si16 Mo16 Pi16 To17 Si17 Mo17 Pi17 • Three SOLIBAM EPs, namely SOL_FL, SOL_LR, and SOL_FLS yielded as much as the highest yielding traditional (Andriolo and Maiorca) and modern (Emese) varieties, while SOL_RO was poorly adapted to all environments GGE Biplot Mean Yield and Stability
- 27. −1.0 −0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 −1.0−0.50.00.51.0 Mean vs. Stability AXIS1 68.05 % AXIS231.95% SOL_FL SOL_LR SOL_RO To15 Si15 Mo15 To16 Si16 Mo16 Pi16 To17 Si17 Mo17 Pi17 • After years of natural selection, the three EPs were specifically adapted to the regions where they evolved. As expected, they were very stable in the environment in which each population evolved, but highly unstable across environments. GGE Biplot Specific adaptation
- 28. −1.5 −1.0 −0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 −1.0−0.50.00.51.01.5 Mean vs. Stability AXIS1 42.25 % AXIS225.62% SOL_FL SOL_LR SOL_RO SOL_FLS C_A C_Y C_Q P_MIX OV_MIX MV_MIX Maiorca Andriolo Frassineto Gentilrosso Emese To15 SI15 Mo15 To16 SI16 Mo16 Pi16 To17 Si17 Mo17 Pi17 • The preference was for some of the highest yielding EPs and varieties, such as SOL_FLS, SOL_FL, Andriolo and Maiorca but also for low yielding mixtures, such as the mixture of old varieties (OV), because they were very tall (data not shown). GGE Biplot Farmers’ preference
- 29. Farmers’ preference Year Tuscany Sicily Molise Piedmont Total 2014-2015 39 29 13 - 81 Male 54 (67%) Female 27 (33%) Farmers 30 (37%) 2015-2016 40 43 15 29 127 Male 97 (85%) Female 30 (23%) Farmers 50 (39%) 2016-2017 47 40 12 28 127 Male 98 (77%) Female 29 (23%) Farmers 48 (42%) TOTAL 127 112 40 57 336 Male 249 (74%) Female 87 (26%) Farmers 128 (38%)
- 30. • Inform EU policy on EPB for low-input and organic agriculture (2014/150 EU; Organic Heterogeneous Material in the new organic regulation 848/2018/EU) • Fostering climate resilient decentralised seed systems Practical outcomes of RSR’s research EVOLUTIONARY POPULATION CONSTITUTION BREEDER DECENTRALISED PARTICIPATORY RESEARCH TECHNICAL SUPPORT EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN DATA ANALYSIS RESULTS SHARING WITH STAKEHOLDERS EP CULTIVATION IN TARGET ENVIRONMENTS DECLARATION OF SEED PRODUCTION AREA SEED CERTIFICATION OFFICE EP QUALITY AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SEED CERTIFICATION OFFICE REGIONAL PLANT HEALTH OFFICE AUTHORISATION FOR EP SEED SALE OF CERTIFIED QUANTITIES SEED MARKET REGISTRATION FOR EXPERIMENTAL EP SEED MARKETING SEED CERTIFICATION OFFICE PRELIMINARY EVALUATION FARMER - FARMERS' NETWORK - DECENTRALISED SEED ENTERPRISE MAINTENANCE BREEDING APPROPRIATE EQUIPMENT SEED CLEANING AND STORAGE GENE BANK - COMMUNITY SEED BANKS ON STATION OK ON FARM ON FARM APPLICATION
- 31. • Inform EU policy on EPB for low-input and organic agriculture (2014/150 EU; Organic Heterogeneous Material in the new organic regulation 848/2018/EU) • Fostering climate resilient decentralised seed systems Practical outcomes of RSR’s research EVOLUTIONARY POPULATION CONSTITUTION BREEDER DECENTRALISED PARTICIPATORY RESEARCH TECHNICAL SUPPORT EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN DATA ANALYSIS RESULTS SHARING WITH STAKEHOLDERS EP CULTIVATION IN TARGET ENVIRONMENTS DECLARATION OF SEED PRODUCTION AREA SEED CERTIFICATION OFFICE EP QUALITY AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SEED CERTIFICATION OFFICE REGIONAL PLANT HEALTH OFFICE AUTHORISATION FOR EP SEED SALE OF CERTIFIED QUANTITIES SEED MARKET REGISTRATION FOR EXPERIMENTAL EP SEED MARKETING SEED CERTIFICATION OFFICE PRELIMINARY EVALUATION FARMER - FARMERS' NETWORK - DECENTRALISED SEED ENTERPRISE MAINTENANCE BREEDING APPROPRIATE EQUIPMENT SEED CLEANING AND STORAGE GENE BANK - COMMUNITY SEED BANKS ON STATION OK ON FARM ON FARM APPLICATION INTEGRATED SEED SYSTEM DIVERSITY FARMERS COMMODITY FARMERS GENE BANKS (PUBLIC) BREEDERS (PUBLIC) SEED MARKET QUALITY CONTROL & CERTIFICATION (PUBLIC) FARM-SAVED SEED USE EXCHANGE selection selection SEED COMPANIES (PRIVATE) bulking up maintenance €€ R&D FUNDING €€ public funding (nat. EU) citizens & consumers private foundations SHARED PROCESS constitution maintenance bulking up COMMUNITY SEED BANKS BREEDERS (PRIVATE) constitution € participatory breeding access for research & use PBR breeding cost recovery SEED NETWORKS conservation varieties & populations seed multiplication basic seed OSS voluntary subscription MONTE FRUMENTARIO LOCAL KNOWLEDGE LOCAL VARIETIES CEREALS SEED LIBRARY DISPLAY AND REGENERATION PLOTS ABBONDANZA IANCULIDDA SARAGOLLE TURANICI CARASELLA [...] 100 VARIETIES SOWN IN 2017 TERRA DI RESILIENZA (SOCIAL COOPERATIVE) ANNUAL EVENT "PALIO DEL GRANO" LOCAL SPECIALITY "THE BREAD OF CASELLE" FARMERS CUMPARETE (FARMERS' BROTHERHOOD) 18 "CUMPARI" (MEMBERS) IN DIFFERENT REGIONS CAMPANIA MOLISE BASILICATA CALABRIA CAMPDIGRANO (WHEAT VALUE CHAIN) OTHER LOCAL WHEAT VALUE CHAINS MONTE FRUMENTARIO (MILL) STONE MILL CATERING FAMILY BREAD OVENS BAKERIES [...] CULTIVATION SARAGOLLA ROSSA SARAGOLLA LUCANA IANCULIDDA CAROSELLA TURANICUM ABBONDANZA CAPPELLI DICOCCUM MIXTURE "ANNIBALE" (TERRA DI RESILIENZA) MIXTURE "AVAGLIANO" (TEMPO DI FICO) 2017 - 50 HA REPRODUCTION OF LOCAL VARIETIES CREATION OF NEW MIXTURES RURALHUB + FARM "TERRE FRUMENTARIE" GENE BANK & RESEARCH STATION "GRANICOLTURA" REGISTRATION REGIONAL AUTHORITIES MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE ON-FARM SEED PRODUCTION LICENECE REGIONAL PLANT HEALTH OFFICE DECLARATION OF SEED MULTIPLICATION AREA MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE FIELD VISIT AND FARM RECORDS INSPECTION SEED CERTIFICATION AUTHORITY (CREA-DC) CERTIFIED SEED LABELS RELEASE SEED SALE FARMERS' NETWORK "SIMENZA" MARKET SOWING FOR SEED MULTIPLICATION 1 2 SEED NETWORK "RETE SEMI RURALI" 3 4 5 CONSERVATION VARIETIES "TERRE FRUMENTARIE" + SEED QUALITY CHECK AT PACKAGING STAGE APPLICATION DUTY: MAINTENANCE BREEDING APPLICATION EVALUATION & MULTIPLICATION LOCAL VARIETIES SOURCE TECHNICAL SUPPORT OK OK PROMETEO © BUSINESS MANAGEMENT MARKETING & DISTRIBTION SEED COMPANY SEED & GRAIN STORAGE DE-HULLER MILL FARMERS ca. 300 over 6 regions Marche Umbria Toscana Lazio Puglia Sicilia PROMETEO ANNUAL EVENT PASTA MAKERS MARKET ORGANIC PRODUCTS RETAIL BREEDER - PUBLIC (CREA) Triticum monococcum ssp monococcum Var. MONLIS (2006) BREEDER - PRIVATE (Oriana Porfiri) Triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccum Var. ZEFIRO (2006) Var. ROSSORUBINO (2009) Var, YAKUB (2009) DIRECT SALE PROMETEO © PRODUTION CENTRE - HEAD QUARTERS FIELD TRIALS CONTRACT 1997 CONTRACT 100€/ha (120kg/ha) 380-420 €/t (hulled) COMMUNITY BIODIVERSITY MANAGEMENT Decentralised Participatory Research Informal Seed Systems Farm-based/Local Seed Enterprises Community Seed Banks Seed Sharing On-farm Conservation POLICY ARENA Plant Health Regulations Access to PGR and Benefit Sharing IPR SOCIAL NORMS Agrico-Chemical Inputs Agri-Food Products COMMODITY MARKET Energy (Fuel, Electricy) Seed Marketing Figure 1: Community Agrobiodiversity Management concept Community Biodiversity Management (CBM) The main aim of CBM is the use of participatory processes to build communities and strengthen their capabilities of conserving and sustainable use Agrobiodiverity (De Boef et al. 2013) L. Ortolani, B.Bussi, R. Franciolini, M. Petitti, R. Bocci Rete Semi Rurali, Via di Casignano, 25, 50018 Scandicci (FI), Italy Governance and organizational models of innovative seed systems in Italy 3 case studies: The role of public, private and market institutions is key to define social models of integrated seed systems. Actors have different roles in facilitating access to seeds in different organizational models. In case A breeders provide new varieties to Prometeo™, that is bringing products to the market. The model is based on centralization and control over access to varieties. In case B the farm Terre Frumentarie sells varieties both to his community and to farmers outside the network. In case C a network of actors, that is managing populations and varieties within an informal seed system. Increasing the number of observed case studies (Fig.4) allows to define some possible governance models that facilitate access to seeds and varieties. Figure 3. (A) The company “Prometeo™” in Marche Region (B) The farm “Terre Frumentarie” in Sicilia Region (C) The “Monte Frumentario” community in Campania Region. The colours of the boxes identify public , private/community and market institutions. Possible governance models identified From the analysis of 10 collective experiences of CBM developed in Italy with a bottom up approach 3 possible governance models have been identified: CLUB: Initiatives, involving the whole food chain, oriented to guarantee an exclusive access to seeds for the participants. MARKET ORIENTED: Initiatives in which the access to seed is guaranteed by the market COMMUNITY: Initiatives in which there is a shared control of different actors of the community on seed access and management. More governance models can be identified, looking at more case studies. A B C Acknowledgements: All actors of the 10 Case studies, all participants of the RSR annual meeting 2017 Integrated seed system ..Integrated seed sector development aims to better link informal and formal seed systems, and balance public and private sector involvement... (Louwaars and de Boef, 2012) Figure4.3governancemodelsdefinedby10casestudies An enabling environment for Community Biodiversity Management should promote this diversity of governance models for integrated seed systems. Figure 2. Integrated seed system
- 32. • Farmers’ involvement and empowerment • OSS seed label • Evolutionary Populations enter the seed market and the product value chain Practical outcomes of RSR’s research Questa semente è il risultato di anni di ricerca partecipata. Il nucleo iniziale è stato costituito nel 2009 all’ICARDA (Centro di ricerca agricola in Siria) su indicazione di Salvatore Ceccarelli mescolando il seme di 2000 linee provenienti da tutto il mondo. Nel 2010 è arrivato in Italia nell’ambito del progetto di ricerca europeo SOLIBAM (2010-2014), grazie ad AIAB partner del progetto. Negli anni successivi, un numero crescente di agricoltori, in collaborazione con Rete Semi Rurali, lo ha coltivato e riprodotto, partecipando alle sperimentazioni volte a valutarne la capacità di adattamento nell’ambito del progetto europeo DIVERSIFOOD (2014-2019), di cui Rete Semi Rurali è partner. La semente SOLIBAM Tenero Floriddia Popolazione è coltivata dal 2010 sulle colline centrali della Toscana, su terreni argillosi. La commercializzazione di questa popolazione non omogenea è possibile grazie alla Decisione della Commissione Europea 2014/150/EU che permette in via sperimentale la commercializzazione delle sementi di “materiale eterogeneo” di alcuni cereali. Si tratta di una rivoluzione nel settore sementiero perché per la prima volta viene consentita la vendita di sementi di varietà non omogenee, con procedure fitosanitarie adattate a questo nuovo contesto. IN PARTICOLARE HAI: 1. la libertà di riseminare le sementi in azienda; 2. la libertà di condividere o vendere le sementi ad altri con procedure di certificazione adattate a questo nuovo contesto; 3. la libertà di sperimentare e studiare le popolazioni e di condividere o pubblicare informazioni a loro relative; 4. la libertà di selezionare o adattare le popolazioni, fare incroci con esse o usarle per costituire nuove linee e varietà. IN CAMBIO, TI IMPEGNI A: 1. non limitare l’uso di queste sementi o dei loro derivati con brevetti o altri strumenti di proprietà intellettuale, 2. ad includere questa dichiarazione in ogni trasferimento di queste sementi o dei loro derivati; 3. a rendere disponibili i prodotti della ricerca fatta a partire da questa popolazione. Queste sementi non sono protette da proprietà intellettuale, acquisendole hai il privilegio di utilizzarle in piena autonomia, con alcune limitazioni. TENERO FLORIDDIA POPOLAZIONE Solibam