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DIVERSIFOOD Final Congress - Session 3 - New approaches of plant breeding for diversified and sustainable farming systems - Isabelle Goldringer
1. Participatory crop
improvement for local /
regional adaptation and
produces
Isabelle Goldringer,
INRA
Rennes, Diversifood Final Congress, December
10-12, 2018
5. 5
Participatory Plant Breeding
โขโฏ Participatory Plant Breeding involves scientists, farmers, and others
(consumers, processors, extensionists,โฆ) in plant breeding research.
โขโฏ Participatory approaches: the processes used to develop new
technologies can achieve a range of material and socially
transformative outcomes.
โ transfer-of-technology model that seeks efficient processes
to generate standardized, uniform outcomes (Jones et al 2014).
=> New methods needed:
* based on participatory approaches
* adapted to decentralized on farm trials
to manage, breed and adapt crop genetic diversity, embedded in
local/regional food systems
6. 6
DIVERSIFOOD objectives for PPB (WP3)
โขโฏ Establish new populations & evaluate the
relative interest of the different methods used
โขโฏ Develop or adapt methods and user-friendly
tools
โขโฏ specifically designed for on farm decentralized
participatory breeding
โขโฏ Apply a panoply of breeding strategies and
compare them to identify the most promising
7. 7
New populations created for many crops
species
-โฏA large number of new populations developed for many
crops: tomato, broccoli, carrots, onion, bread and durum
wheat, einkorn, barley, maize, white lupin, faba bean and
buckwheat
8. A range of methods to create relevant
diversity for PPB
โขโฏ Landraces and old varieties (ex: ITAB, RSP):
โโฏ Large diversity available, adaptive
potential to low input and agroecological
conditions, organoleptic and nutritional quality
โโฏ Needs further adaptation
โขโฏ Mixtures of landraces and old varieties (ex: INRA, ITAB,
RSR):
โโฏ Allows to combine interesting traits from different varieties, easy
and rapid
โโฏ Limited recombination in selfing mixtures, risk of competition, needs
management
โขโฏ Bi-parental crosses (ex: INRA, PSR):
โโฏ Creation of new genotypes combining advantageous traits from
both parents
โโฏ Crossing plants of self-pollinated species is feasible on-farm by farmers,
but is time consuming and requires dedicated skills.
8
9. A range of methods to create relevant
diversity for PPB
โขโฏ Landraces and old varieties (ex: ITAB, RSP):
โโฏ Large diversity available, adaptive
potential to low input and agroecological
conditions, organoleptic and nutritional quality
โโฏ Needs further adaptation
โขโฏ Mixtures of landraces and old varieties (ex: INRA, ITAB,
RSR):
โโฏ Allows to combine interesting traits from different varieties, easy
and rapid
โโฏ Limited recombination in selfing mixtures, risk of competition, needs
management
โขโฏ Bi-parental crosses (ex: INRA, PSR):
โโฏ Creation of new genotypes combining advantageous traits from
both parents
โโฏ Crossing plants of self-pollinated species is feasible on-farm by farmers,
but is time consuming and requires dedicated skills.
9
10. A range of methods to create relevant
diversity for PPB
โขโฏ Landraces and old varieties (ex: ITAB, RSP):
โโฏ Large diversity available, adaptive
potential to low input and agroecological
conditions, organoleptic and nutritional quality
โโฏ Needs further adaptation
โขโฏ Mixtures of landraces and old varieties (ex: INRA, ITAB,
RSR):
โโฏ Allows to combine interesting traits from different varieties, easy
and rapid
โโฏ Limited recombination in selfing mixtures, risk of competition, needs
management
โขโฏ Bi-parental crosses (ex: INRA, PSR):
โโฏ Creation of new genotypes combining advantageous traits from
both parents
โโฏ Crossing plants of self-pollinated species is feasible on-farm by farmers,
but is time consuming and requires dedicated skills.
10
11. A range of methods to create relevant
diversity for PPB
โขโฏ Composite Cross Populations (CCPs)
and mixtures of crosses (ex: INRA, FiBL,
ORC, RSR, LBI)
โโฏ High diversity and recombination, large
potential for adaptation and mass
selection => broad genetic basis population
โโฏ Heavy to carry out and difficult to design
โขโฏ Open pollinated populations (ex: ITQB & IPC):
โโฏ In out-crossing species, allows to combine several parents
in one or a few steps
โโฏ Difficult to apply mass selection on both parents, requires
optimization of the within-population diversity
11
12. A range of methods to create relevant
diversity for PPB
โขโฏ Composite Cross Populations (CCPs)
and mixtures of crosses (ex: INRA, FiBL,
ORC, RSR, LBI)
โโฏ High diversity and recombination, large
potential for adaptation and mass
selection => broad genetic basis population
โโฏ Heavy to carry out and difficult to design
โขโฏ Open pollinated populations (ex: ITQB & IPC):
โโฏ In out-crossing species, allows to combine several parents
in one or a few steps
โโฏ Difficult to apply mass selection on both parents, requires
optimization of the within-population diversity
12
14. Development of CCPs of white lupin at
FiBL
โขโฏ 2 strategies for CCP creation:
โโฏ With or without selection for Colletotrichum
resistance
14
15. CCPs, dynamic populations and
evolutionary breeding
โขโฏ Comparison of a CCP and a dynamic
population (mixture) of bread wheat
at INRA & ITAB:
โโฏ See Estelle Serpolayโs poster
โขโฏ Test of selection methods in wheat CCPs
at LBI:
โโฏ Rust, seed size, plant height, deep sowing vs
normal sowing
โขโฏ Evolutionary breeding
with a bread wheat CCP at RSR:
โโฏ See Bettina Bussi & Matteo Petitti presentation
15
16. Multi-trait approaches to PPB in maize
โขโฏ Combining agronomic, quality and genetic
information to optimize crosses at ITQB-NOVA & IPC
โโฏ Crosses chosen to increase tocopherol and total
phenolic content , minimize viscosity
while maintaining genetic
diversity
โขโฏ Decision tools for improving underused Portuguese
maize landraces at ITQB-NOVA & IPC:
โโฏ see ML Alves poster
16
17. 17
โขโฏ On-going PPB on bread wheat since 2006 in France (INRA
& RSP). First 10 PPB population-varieties evaluated on
farm for agronomic performance, nutritional and
organoleptic qualities.
In the middle: Renan, short,
poor weed competitor, low
bread making quality
Aside and below: PPB
varieties, tall, robust, good
weed competitor, lodging
resistant, good bread making
quality
Original and interesting populations-varieties
developed through PPB at INRA & RSP
PPB varieties showed
higher level in Mg, Zn,
Ca, Cu and K than
commercial varieties.
18. Instability
(VC %)
Farm Year +
Year x Farm
R Farm Year +
Year x Farm
R
PPB
Populations
1% 24% 6% 23% 28% 17%
Commercial
varieties
0% 35% 5% 37% 35% 26%
โขโฏ First 10 PPB population-varieties evaluated on 6 farms x
2 yrs for agronomic performance
Wheat PPB populations are more stable
Protein content Yield
Thรจse G van Frank (Dec 2018) + see Gaelleโs poster
a 32 qx/ha
29 qx/ha
19. Collective assessment in PPB
โขโฏ Participatory tomato breeding at Arche
Noah:
โโฏNetworking and cooperation between different
stakeholders (farmers, consumers, retailers,
chefs, scientists) => to define breeding
strategies.
โโฏCollective breeding activities: participatory
assessment of quality traits.
19
20. Row
1
Row
3
Row
4
Row
5
Row
6
Row
2
Col 1 Col 2 Col 3 Col 4 Col 5 Col 6
Innovative statistical methods, designs and
tools
20
โขโฏ Participatory on-farm experiments means:
โโฏ Numerous but small trials (few plots / trial)
โโฏ Few replication within and among farms
โโฏ Farmers evaluating different populations
โโฏ Broad range of traits selected
โโฏ Innovative methods for statistical analyses and data mining
specifically suited to PPB (RSP, RSR, IPC, ITQB, INRA)
โขโฏ M1. Non parametric multivariate approaches
for agronomic and nutritional traits
โขโฏ M2-M3. Multivariate and clustering approaches
for molecular and quality data
โขโฏ M4-M5. Spatial analyses with optimized randomization & incomplete block
designs for agro./nutri. traits
โขโฏ M6. GxE analyses for agro./nutri. traits
โขโฏ M7a-b. Models within the Bayesian framework
for agro./nutri. traits
โขโฏ M8. Analysis of network of seed circulation
โขโฏ M9. Multiple factors analysis for sensorial data
21. 21
Technical booklet #3 โ โMethods and tools for decentralized
on farm breedingโ
โโฏA decision tree including all possible analyses organized
according to the type of trait, their objectives and
the experimental capacities (RSP, INRA, RSR, IPC, ITQB)
Innovative statistical methods, designs and
tools
22. PPBstats : An R package for PPB
statistical analyses
โขโฏ Objectives:
โโฏ (i) to have a single package capable of performing all
analyses required for PPB programmes with
comprehensive documentation
โโฏ (ii) to create a community working on PPB programmes
in order to improve the package, exchange on how to
process data from PPB programmes and develop good
practices.
โขโฏ Methods:
โโฏ Freely available package based on the R software
โโฏ Collaborative plateforme on github
22
23. PPBstats : An R package for PPB
statistical analyses
โขโฏ Worlflow of analyses on data collected during PPB
programs at four levels: network of seeds management,
agronomic and nutritional trials, organoleptic tests and
molecular analyses.
โขโฏ A website dedicated to PPBstats with full documentation
and a comprehensive tutorial to collaborate and use the
package can be found at:
https://priviere.github.io/PPBstats_web_site
โขโฏ Use and contribute !!!
23
24. Key features and outcomes of PPB
โขโฏ New populations developed and adopted by the farmers
โขโฏ Complementary to ex-situ conservation: create and renew crop
genetic diversity, increase use of landraces
โขโฏ Relies on a collective organisation
โโฏ Very inclusive multi-actor approach with various types of
stakeholders involved: researchers, farmers, breeders, processors,
cookers / chefs and consumers
โโฏ Generic tools and methods for supporting collective selection /
management of diversity
โขโฏ Building capacity and empowering farmers to enact further
change
26. Bottlenecks and levers for a
transition
โขโฏ A long term process.
โขโฏ Scaling up and/or making these small scale systems sustainable
is a matter of training / organizing / funding.
Need to:
โโฏ Train farmersโ organisation facilitators: they are key to the collective
organization
โโฏ Increase sharing of tools and methods for PPB among local groups
through common framework and perenial platforms
โโฏ Develop multi-stakeholders participatory research platforms to allow
for recurrent funding
โโฏ Find sources of funding to make local community seed banks
sustainable
โโฏ Create a status for varieties derived from PPB
27. 27
Thanks to the DIVERSIFOOD partners
(WP3)
Thank you for your attention !
PPB bread wheat population-variety Japhabelle
28. Ten bread wheat varieties derived from PPB
Nom Origine Type
Saint-Priest F Mercier, Maine-et-Loire Issue dโune variรฉtรฉ Suรฉdoise (Progress)
Rouge du Roc JF Berthellot, Lot-et-Garonne Sรฉlection massale dans Rouge de Bordeaux
Pop dynamique 2 F Mercier, Maine-et-Loire Mรฉlange de 3 variรฉtรฉs de pays et 2 variรฉtรฉs + rรฉcentes
Mรฉlange-5
Bourguignon
B Ronot, Cรดte dโOr Mรฉlange de 11 variรฉtรฉs de pays locales
Mรฉlange du Sud-Ouest JF Berthellot, Lot-et-Garonne Mรฉlange de ~ 20 variรฉtรฉs de pays locales
Savoysone R Balthassat, Haute-Savoie Issue dโun croisement entre 2 variรฉtรฉs de pays
Rocaloex R Balthassat, Haute-Savoie Mรฉlange de 11 populations issues de croisements
Mรฉlange-1 13 pops B Ronot, Cรดte dโOr Mรฉlange de 13 populations issues de croisement
Dauphibois C Dalmasso, Isรจre Mรฉlange de ~25 variรฉtรฉs de pays, populations issues de
croisements et variรฉtรฉs rรฉcentes
Japhabelle JF Berthellot, Lot-et-Garonne Mรฉlange de ~25 populations issues de croisements et
sรฉlectionnรฉes