This document distinguishes between useful and harmful materials. Useful materials include metals, plastics, wood, and textiles, which are strong and durable and can be formed into various useful objects like kitchenware, containers, furniture, and clothing. Harmful materials can injure people and include corrosive substances that damage other materials, flammable materials that easily catch fire, explosive materials that release energy violently, poisonous materials that cause illness if touched or consumed, and reactive materials that cause chemical reactions when mixed. People should handle harmful materials carefully to avoid injury.

1. DISTINGUISHING BETWEEN
USEFUL AND HARMFUL
MATERIALS
- A material’s
properties can help
you determine if the
object is useful or
harmful.

2. USEFUL MATERIALS
Among the materials that are very useful to people are
Metals
Plastics
Wood
textiles

3. 1. METAL
They are strong, hard and shiny materials that can be formed into different shapes
and an excellent conductor of heat and electricity.
Mostly used to make coins (to buy goods, foods, cloth, etc.), kitchenware,
containers, dinnerware, car parts, and wires.
containers
coins
wires

4. kitchenware
dinnerware
Car parts

5. 2. PLASTICS
It is made of various chemicals. When heated, it can mold into different
shapes.
It has a properties of strength and impermeability and this qualities make
plastic very useful for making various items such as; water containers
(water bottle), kitchenware, toys, pipes, shopping bags, and even chairs
and tables.
Water containers kitchenwares

6. Toys
Shopping bags
Pipes
Chairs and tables

7. 3. WOOD
It is produced from the roots and trunks of trees.
It is hard, flexible, and long-lasting and these qualities make wood
an all around material.
It is used to make furniture, construction materials(most houses are
made of wood), as well as musical instruments.
house Furniture (cabinet, chairs,
drawers

8. Musical instruments (guitar, flute
and drum)

9. 4. TEXTILES
Made from either natural or human-made fibers that have been
woven together and are used to make variety of items; clothes, bags,
carpets, rugs, curtains, other pieces of furniture, flags, towels, sails
and kites.
Other country used it as insulation from cold weather.
Textiles like silk and cottons are naturally produced from our natural
resources.
Silk is taken from cocoons that silkworm spin
Cotton from cotton plant
Silkworm and cocoon Cotton plant

10. sails
carpet
handkerchief
These materials are made of textiles

11. HARMFUL MATERIALS
Materials that we used everyday might also harm us. Some can cause
injuries, others can be corrosive, flammable or explosive, poisonous,
or reactive.
Materials can cause injury because of their shape.
Example; plastics, glasses, and metals can be formed into sharp
and pointed shapes, such objects are scissors, knives, etc.

12. 1. CORROSIVE MATERIALS
Can damage and destroy the outer layer of the materials.
- This is a muriatic
acid used for
cleaning and
removing stains in
our comfort rooms.
They are useful
because it can make
the room cleaner,
BUT! When exposed
to metals, it
corrodes and burned
- This is a corroded
sink, it turns metal
into rust and will
result into a bigger
problem. If this acid
can cause problems
to metal how about
the skin of humans?
They can even cause
severe damage of
skin tissues, if not

13. 2. FLAMMABLE MATERIALS
Easily catch fire when exposed to heat, and easily burnt.
Examples of liquid that are flammable; gasoline, kerosene, lamp
alcohol.
Some materials that are flammable; paper products, dried leaves,
and cloth.
Examples of
materials at home
that are
considered as
flammable
because when they
exposed to heat
they can cause
fire, and burnt.

14. 3. EXPLOSIVE MATERIALS
Substances that contain a lot of energy.
When exposed to heat or pressure, they release so much energy in
the form of light, heat and sound.
Explosive sign
When you see this sign on
every product in your house,
make sure not to play with it
and make sure it is store away
from heat or fire to avoid
explosion.

15. 4. POISONOUS OR TOXIC
MATERIALS
Cause sickness or death when they are swallowed, inhaled, or
absorbed through the skin.
Toxic or poisonous sign
When you see this sign on
every product in your house,
make sure not to play with it
and do not take them, eat
them or taste them.

16. 5. REACTIVE MATERIALS
Cause chemical reactions when they are mixed with other
substances.
Chemical reactions produces heat, which in turn causes burns.
Example: mixing vinegar with baking soda will produce a bubbling
and fizzing, and it is an indicator that there is chemical reaction
occurred. So when they are forcefully ejected and get into your eyes
and cause irritation.
Reaction of vinegar and baking
soda
Vinegar is an acid, and baking soda is
a base, when you mixed them they
will react with each other, and some
instances if you add acid into base
they sometimes explode, corrode and
cause irritations.