Dissertation proposal Version 5.5 (2001)

A Hermeneutic Exploration of the Phenomenon of Identity and Freedom
in selected Autobiographical Writings during Political Crisis of the Natives
of Zurich (Switzerland) and the Eastern Woodlands (Western Georgia,
United States) in the early 19th Century.
DISSERTATION PROPOSAL
PRINCIPLES OF SOCIETY:
Doctoral Candidate: Tabea Hirzel
Program: Doctorate of Diplomacy/ Political Economy
University: SMC University, Zug, Switzerland
Date: 12.30.2011

Index
1. Title
2. Problem
3. Theory
4. Justification
5. Question/ Hypotheses
6. Methodology
7. Legal Issues
8. Research Plan
9. Bibliography
1. Title
2. Problem
3. Theory
4. Justification
6. Methodology
7. Legal Issues
8. Research Plan
9. Bibliography
Life is an art and therefore cannot be programmed or calculated.
Life is always artificial in the sense that it is not natural in scientific terms.
As an art it is an intersubjective phenomenon, it is always communicative!
All living beings need to be heard and to be able to hear , i.e. to communicate,
otherwise they perish. (TH)
Picture: Title «Face shaped tree» found at arbosculpture.blogspot.com

Index
1. Title
2. Problem
3. Theory
4. Justification
6. Methodology
7. Legal Issues
8. Research Plan
9. Bibliography
1. Title
2. Problem
3. Theory
4. Justification
6. Methodology
7. Legal Issues
8. Research Plan
9. Bibliography
Short version:
A Hermeneutic Exploration of the phenomenon of Identity and Freedom in
selected Autobiographical Writings during Political Crisis of the Natives of Zurich
(Switzerland) and Eastern Woodlands (Western Georgia, United States) during the
early 19th Century.
Long Version:
A Hermeneutic Exploration of the Constitution and Transformation of the
understanding of Identity and Freedom at individual and intersubjective level in
selected Autobiographical Writings of the native population in Zurich, today
Switzerland, and Eastern Woodlands, today Western Georgia, United States, in
the early 19th Century’s political conflicts in the dawn of the Sonderbund War
during Zürich, and the American Revolution, in Western Georgia.
Identity and Freedom:

The constitution of the discourse shall be explored as a prototype of human action on which the
constitution of human society and Constitution, in its political context is based. Discourse is
analysed “based on the concept of the group” (Deloria, 1970, S. 113) and link ed to individual
actions, rights and responsibilities.
Index
1. Title
2. Problem
3. Theory
4. Justification
6. Methodology
7. Legal Issues
8. Research Plan
9. Bibliography
1. Title
2. Problem
3. Theory
4. Justification
6. Methodology
7. Legal Issues
8. Research Plan
9. Bibliography
9. Bibliography
Consensus as creative transformation of conflict
Society as system of meaning-contexts
Relevance of individual actions in society
Problem Questions
Body-mind No universal agreement?
Temporal or logical a priorism?
Time & rationality Historical deduction of righs?
Linear time as a priori truth?
Communicative action How to transform otherness into communicative
partner?
Relation of personhood and talkativity?
Hoppe’s theory of property rights within the tradition of discourse ethics unifies through
the theory of communicative actions as a priori pragmatic, moral and ethical approaches
to the definition of freedom and solves the problem of the dialectics of liberty as a
requirement for responsibility and simultaneously a threat to the integrity of the human
being.
In this research shall be proved that Hoppe’s theory can hold true at universal level
transcend different metaphysical ideas of body-mind relation, time and rationality on the
basis of a general theory of communicative action. While Hoppe brought detailed insight
into the derivation of rights from “original appropriation” he did not make explicit how
communicative beings detect the ability to communicate in others and accept the Other
as communicative partner.

Index
1. Title
2. Problem
3. Theory
4. Justification
6. Methodology
7. Legal Issues
8. Research Plan
9. Bibliography
1. Title
2. Problem
3. Theory
4. Justification
6. Methodology
7. Legal Issues
8. Research Plan
9. Bibliography
Theory Thesis
(A) Discourse ethics Solutions to ethical problems can be found from
within based on communicative action.
(B) Community learning Tool and result are identical and consecutively
evolving from each other. The communicative society
is a tool to community building and its result.
(C) Philosophy of mind Body and mind cannot be understood as separate
entities since they are mutually constitutive. The
individual and the intersubjective are interdependent.

(A) Discourse Ethics (Theories of Socialization) &
Discourse Analysis
1. cultural and political breakdown (Staudigl).
2. creative poietic act.
3. part of a communicative act.
1. Occidentalism: A system of legal (citicens) or economic
(bourgoise) bodies
 Natural law: methaphysical (Aristotle), rational
(Scholastic, F. Tönnies)
 Social contract: Delegated to third person
(Hobbes, Locke), to the common (Rousseau) or
dialectial (Hegel)
 Precedural: communicative action (Weber),
critical theory (Adorno)
2. Luhmann: Communicative field (Grenzen der
kommunikativen Erreichberkeit)
3. Schutz: A system of meaning-contexts
1. Interaction
2. Communication
3. Expectations
4. Meaning
1. Dialectics (historical school, Weber):
2. Socialization – individualization
3. Order (rational) – Liberty (spontanous)
4. Ideal types as substantives (stand and class)
(Schutz, Frankfurt school)
1. Society as subjective phenomenon  Menger, Mises,
Schutz
2. Order a phenomenon of spontaneous actions
(market)  Carl Menger
3. Ideal types as mental images  Weber, Schutz
9. Bibliography
References:
(1) Habermas, Apel, Hoppe
(2) Nohlen. Lexikon der Politikwissenschaften
(2) Sauer, Birgit. Critical Governance Studies
(3) Luhmann
(4) Husserl, Weber, Schutz, Alfred. Phenomenology of the Social
World
Political philosophy (Revolution theory):
Theories of socialization:
Communication theories:
Schools & Concepts:
Communicative actions:

Communicative actions (power and language)
as means in the process of consious social
transformation (vs. Mere physical biological
evolution)
Communicative
action
Physical (forces)
Physical
force(pragmatic
mean)
Combined
Meaning creation
/ identity
transformation
(ethical mean)
Mental
(language)
Mental force
(pragmatic mean)
Rational reflexion
(moral mean)
References:
(1) Habermas
(2) Vygotsky
(3) Arendt, Hanna.
(4) Høibraaten, Helge. (2010). Kommunikative und
Sanktionsgeschützte Macht bei Jürgen Habermas.
Hannah Arendt löst den Begriff der Macht vom
teleologischen Handlungsmodell [wo Macht als Zwangsmittel
erscheint; H. Høibraaten): Macht bildet sich im
kommunikativen Handeln, sie ist ein Gruppeneffekt der
Rede, in der für alle Beteiligten Verständigung Selbstzweck
ist. (Habermas 1981b, S. 231)
Habermas behauptet, der Diskurs sei die
Fortsetzung des kommunikativen Handelns
mit anderen Mitteln. (Habermas 1981a, Bd. 1,
Kap. I.1, S. 37f. In Høibraaten, 2010)

Power as a phenomenon of communicative
action
Physical
Social
Institution
“Macht besitzt eigentlich niemand, sie entsteht zwischen
Menschen, wenn sie zusammen handeln, und sie
verschwindet, sobald sie sich wieder zerstreuen.”
(Habermas 1981b, S. 238f., Arendt 1981, § 28, S. 252.)
Physical fight
Manifestation
of asymetry
Power /
Impotence
Dis-course 
Consiousness
Challenge
Tabu
Manifestation
of asymetry
Belonging/
Exclusion
Repetance 
Consiousness
Challenge
Law-breaking
Manifestation
of asymetry
Understandin
g/ Confusion
Praxis 
Consiousness
Challenge
Gefahr eines - Kult der Gewalt "in ihrer Schönheit
und ihrem Schrecken" (Høibraaten , p. 10, Habermas
1981c, S. 376)

(B) Theories of Social Pedagogy
1. As particular phenomenon
a) physical
b) psychological
c) institutional,
2. As meaning destructing, unethical (Staudigl)
3. As meaning constructing, poietic (Heidegger,
Lehmann) phenomenon,
4. As meaning transforming, existential (Schutz,
UNESCO)
9. Bibliography
References:
(1) Heraclitus, Heidegger, Levinas
(2)Staudigl
(3) Lehmann. Verbannte Gewalten
(4) UNESCO. Transcend method.
1. Affliction: rational or physical control of impulse by
argument or sanctions. Result loser/winner (Hoppe)
2. Solution: Elimination of one party or the object of
conflict (Entralgo Laín, Rousseau)
3. Transformation: direction of energy towards a shared
goal. Ongoing (Schutz)
1. The role of education (Rousseau, UNESCO).
2. The role of learning (Schutz, Frankl)
3. The role of creativity (UNESCO)
1. Non-conflict (Ghandi, Dudouet)
2. Control and order («Macht gegen Macht»,
Hoigraaten, 2010)
3. Subversion (Papadopoulos)
Violence and conflict:
Education:
Intentional actions:
Strategic actions:
Solutions of power conflicts:
1. Power sharing (Arendt 1981, § 28, S. 254,
Talcott Parsons,Niklas Luhmann)
2. Property rights (Hoppe)
3. Discoursive through co-operation

(C) Philosophy of mind (Theories of Reason)
Solution of body-mind dichotomy:
(Practical reason (rationality) and
communicative reason (ethics) as body-
mind dichotomy solved).
1. Dualism: Hierarchical (Apel,
Hoppe)
2. Critical monadism:
Complementary of two qualia
(Descartes/Henning, Bohr, Hutter,
Schutz)
3. Other forms of monadism, not
discussed here
Conceptual problems:
Consciousness (Heinämaa et al.)
Personality (van Dun)
Spontanity
9. Bibliography
References:
(1) Henning. (2000)
(2) Van Dun
(3) Heinämaa, Lähteenmäki, & Remes. (2007). Consiousness.
Synchronicity and complementarity:
(Bohr’s complementarity)
Two phenomena…
a) Relate to the same object
b) Are mutually exclusive (cannot be applied
simultanely at object)
c) Are mutually complementary in referenc to the
description of the object
d) Are at the same level of hierarchy, they comprise
aspects of equal relevance

Y
Y
Individual positioning (based on Schutz)
11
undesired individual lifeworld (present)
system transformation
Present lifeworld Visiono of future lifeworld
individual internal motivational conflict
(personal crisis) 
intentions
C
A
B
X
X
X
Y
Y
C
A
B
X
X
X

Process of revolution (based on Schutz)
12
C
B
A
C’
B’
A’
shared meaning
shared meaning
undesired individual lifeworld (present) desired individual lifeworld (imagined) 
intentional conflict
(violent revolution)
system transformation
Consensus (evolution)
Crisis Imagined
solution (goal)
individual internal motivational conflict
(personal crisis) 
social lifeworld in the becoming (future)
intentions
based on in-order-to-
motives, because-
motives and individual
will

Index
(A)Relevance
(B)Contribution
(C) Significance 1. Title
2. Problem
3. Theory
4. Justification
6. Methodology
7. Legal Issues
8. Research Plan
9. Bibliography
1. Title
2. Problem
3. Theory
4. Justification
6. Methodology
7. Legal Issues
8. Research Plan
9. Bibliography
Contribution Advocacy
Understand identity
constitution
Progress in concepts of universal rights.
Evidence for the
relation between
liberty and
responsanility
Progress in liberal theories.
Find motivating factors
for mutual recognition
of communicative
partners
Mediation in socio-political conflict.

(A) Relevance
Why is it important to address the problem?
 Progress in concepts of universal rights
 Progress in postmetaphysical ethics
 First philosophy
 Progress in liberal theories
 Revision of Enlightment theories (liberty, humanity, democracy)
 Mediation in socio-political conflict
 Solutions for non-violent co-habitation in postmodern societies
 An approach at group level

(B) Contribution to knowledge
 Understanding identity constitution
 Evidence for the relation between liberty and responsanility
 Questions of power, sovereignty, independence
 Find motivating factors for mutual recognition of communicative partners
 Current discourse
 Historiography (methodology)
 Historiography and European Constitutionalism
 Sociopolitical Crisis

(B) Significance
1) In conflict solution many projects at organizational or moral level, but
few alternatives at ethical level to «universal rights».
2) Few approaches on the group level (usually at national level).

Index
(A)Assumptions
(B)Variables
(C)Measurements 1. Title
2. Problem
3. Theory
4. Justification
6. Methodology
7. Legal Issues
8. Research Plan
9. Bibliography
1. Title
2. Problem
3. Theory
4. Justification
6. Methodology
7. Legal Issues
8. Research Plan
9. Bibliography
Questions Hypothesis
How can universal
(objective) standards
for peaceful
communities be found?
Solutions to ethical problems can be found from
within based on communicative action.
What is the role of
liberty in social
constitution?
Tool and result are identical and consecutively
evolving from each other. The communicative society
is a tool to community building and its result.
How is inner unity
built?
How is intersubjective
unitiy (=community)
formed?
How do both
phenomena relate to
each other?
Body and mind cannot be understood as separate
entities since they are mutually constitutive. The
individual and the intersubjective are interdependent.

(A) Assumptions
• Consesus is (usually) not a primary goal in conflict.
• Self-affirmation is the primary goal in conflict (=maintain identity stable).
• Where identity cannot be maintained, the subject (point of unity) detects
a conflict with (a) itself (extrangement), (b) an other subject (otherness),
or an environment (phenomenon). This is described as «Unzifriedenheit»
(Schutz, Weber).
• In consequence the subject takes actions in order to restore/re-create the
point of unity by (a) changing selfperception, (b) eliminating the
object/subject of conflict (arguments, other person, obstacles, etc.), or (c)
a combination of both (compromise).
• The definition of property rights are not (necessarily) a condition for
consensus.
• The definition of property rights may even incite conflict (under a certain
context).
• Reason is not (necessarily) the solution to violence because reason
(becoming consious of a conflict) leads to taking actions against it.
Life is an art and therefore cannot be programmed.
Life is always artificial it is not natural in it scientific sense.
And art is an intersubjective product, it is communicative!
All living beings need to be heard and to be able to hear other or they perish. (TH)

(B) Variables
• Identity
– conflict, corrective actions
– ideal type of the point of unity (self/identity)
• Meaning
– of understanding crisis, in defining meaning of the situation, of
imagining the desired goal, of interests (planed actions to transform
meaning)
– (a) itself (extrangement), (b) an other subject (otherness), or an
environment (phenomenon
• Relationship:
– self-affirmation, corrective, transformative
– (a) changing selfperception, (b) eliminating the object/subject of
conflict (arguments, other person, obstacles, etc.), or (c) a
combination of both (compromise

(C) Measurements
• Objective:
– Threat
• Means of the other (social, political: physical and mental)
• Expected behavior of the other (experiences in the past)
– Options
• Means of the self (social, political: physical and mental)
• Capacity and ability (experiences in the past)
• Subjective:
– Meaning-context
– Stability of identity
– Creativity in meaning-creation

Index
(A) Design
(B) Population
(C) Sample
(D) Model
(E) Validity and Bias
(F) Threats
1. Title
2. Problem
3. Theory
4. Justification
6. Methodology
7. Legal Issues
8. Research Plan
9. Bibliography
1. Title
2. Problem
3. Theory
4. Justification
6. Methodology
7. Legal Issues
8. Research Plan
9. Bibliography
Methodology Measurements
Autobiographical
writing &
Historiography
Experiences and expression of identity (because-
motives)
Social phenomenology Creation of meaning (in-ordert-to-motives)
Social psychology Signs of relationship

Methodological framework
Concept Theory Methodology Method Empiric Data
Identity Persona Point of unity:
Wanting (expression)
Thinking (reflection)
Meaning (creation)
• Internal comparision between norms
(writing) and facts (executed actions)
• Internal comparision of developments
throughout time
• External comparision with other individuals
within and outside the cultural context
• Relation to actuality
• Epoché
Linguistic and
praxeologic evidence.
(Expression through
writing and action of
believes, intentions
and reflective
understanding of
values andmeaning.)
Space Body Levels of anonymity
I-you
Fellow - contemoporary
otherness
Social category (social group: class, religion,
sex, age)
Territory
Properties and economy
Historiographic and
biographic evidence.
Time Mind Level of determinism
Predecessor –
contemporary - successor
Objectivity (past)  
subjectivity (future)
Proximity in time between individual and
others
Responsability to past and future events
Social network
analysis.
Evidences of social
relations in primary
and secondary sources
(letters, speeches,
reports, biographies)
Social Relation Context of meaning-context Social and political
constitution.
I. Conceptual Level

(A) Design
•Meaning-context
•Mental images
•Imagined social space
•Genuine because-
motives
(A1) Reconstruction
of the lifeworld
•Exploration of
alternative options
•Demarcation of the
type against others
(A2) Abstraction of
ideal types
•Pragmatic: existential,
material threats
•Moral: Threats to
individual identity
•Ethical: Threats to the
imagined society
(B1) Abstraction of
the crisis (Habermas)
•Defense
•Surrender
•Transformation
(B2) Theoretical
political options
•Discourse & Biography
Analysis
•Detailed Document Analysis
according to ideal types
•Qualitative Observation
•Intersubject and
Intercultural Comparision
•Relate intersubjective with
cultural ideal types
•Further Findings
•Assessing Policies
•Interpretative
Phenomenology
•Formative Research
•Construction of individual
and social ideal types
•Historiography/
Autobiography
•Public and private
qualitative documents
•Actors‘ self-perception
•Actors interpretation of
meaning
(A1) QUAL
Data
Collection
(A2) QUAL
Data
Interpretation
(B1) QUAL
Data Revision
(B2) QUAL
Comparative
Interpretation
II. Research Phases
III. Reserach Results

(A1) Historiography/ Biography Analysis based
on Rüsens’ Disciplin Matrix
3. Methods
(Rules of empirical
research)
4. Forms
(of representation)
5. Functions
(of existential orientation)
1. Interests
(interpreted needs for
orientation in time)
2. Theory
(leading views concerning
the experiences of the
past)
[Historical discipline]
[Life practice]
Deliverables:
Historiographic context of the groups to which
actors belong.

Biography analysis under respect of Schutz (by
Eberle p. 109)
1. Typification of the diverse levels of
1. generalization
2. formalization
3. anonymity
2. Cohesion in the interpretation of
1. knowledge stock
2. relevance systems
3. genesis of constructive ideal types in the we-relation
4. motivational relation in the context of social actions
3. Construction (Aufschichtung) in regard to
1. Space
2. Time
3. Social world
4. Relation to elements of the lifeworld which are
1. Unquestionable (fraglos)
2. problematic
9. Bibliography
References:
(1) Eberle.

(A2) Interpretive Phenomenological
Framework (after Max van Manen, 2011)
Writing (4)
Methodology (5)
Vocatio Reductio
Source of Meaning (2)
Social Language Phenomen Experiencial
Research Orientation (1)
Transcendental Ethical
Empirical Methods (3)
Hermeneutics
Alfred Schütz’s «Hermeneutik der Transzendenzen» (hermeneutic of transcenden) (Hilt, A., 2010)
Deliverables:
Ideal types of groups.
Ideal types of individuals.

Ideal types
• Of groups
• Of individuals
• Of crisis

Spontaneity / Crisis
(B1) Discourse Analysis in Autobiographical
writing 9. Bibliography
References:
(1) Schutz
(2) Rüsens
(3) Seller, Stephanie, A. (2007).
(4) Derounian-Stodola, Kathryn Zabelle . (2009).
Deliverables:
Reconstricution of the actor’s lifeworld.
Reconstruction of actor’s meaning context.
Comparision and actualization with ideal type.
Author
(19th
Revolutionaries)
Text
(Autobiographical
writing)
Reader
(Contemporaries
and successors)
Author
(Successor's linking
to preceding author)
Text
(Scientific enquiry)
Reader
(Contemporaries
and successors)

Discourse analysis and biographical analysis
(Method)
• Definitions
– Structure versus phenomenon
– Consiousness versus unconsiousness
• Functions
– Ordering and structuring (how)
– creative/ meaning constitution (why) (Foucolt, Völter, Schäfer)
• Rationals
– Relation individual - social
– Relation discourse – subject
– Genealogy of power, knowledge and subjectivity (Foucault)
• Analysis
– Social construction beyond binary types (Dausien, 2001)
– Effects of normation (Tuider)
– Ruptures & Gaps in meaning-context and lifeworld
9. Bibliography
References:
(1) Tuider, Elisabeth. (). Diskursanalyse und Biographieforschung.
FQS 8 (2).

Discourse analysis and biographical analysis
(Method) II
Elements of discoursive production (Tuider):
• What is produced (in autobiography: identity)
• Who produces it
• Why: intention = «because-», «in-order-to-motives» and will
(Schutz/Vygotsky)
• How
References:
(1) Tuider, Elisabeth. (). Diskursanalyse und Biographieforschung.
FQS 8 (2).

Discourse analysis after Carabine (Method) III
1. Selection of the research subjects and exploration of relevant data
sources;
2. Become acquainted with the data through repeated reading;
3. Identification of themes, categories and subjectes of the discourse;
4. Search for evidence for the inter-disoursive relations (see LINK 1997);
5. Identification of discoursive strategies and tecniques;
6. Search for gaps and the unexpressed;
7. Search for counter-discourses and opposition;
8. Identification discourse effects;
9. Sketch background of subjects;
10. Contextualize the material in the power-knowledge-network of the
concerning historic period
References:
(1) Carabine, Jean. (2001)

Analysis of biography
• Open
• Reconstruction
• Subjective meaning of social «truth»
statements
Während es in der Diskursanalyse um die
Rekonstruktion der Herstellung, Verfestigung
und Modifikation gesellschaftlich
durchgesetzter "Wahrheiten" geht, zielt die
Biographieforschung auf die Rekonstruktion
subjektiver Sinnzuschreibungen im Kontext
gesellschaftlicher "Wahrheiten". Beiden
methodischen Perspektiven ist gemeinsam,
die wechselseitige Bedingtheit von
Diskurs/Gesellschaft und Subjektposition zu
sehen, nur diese von der jeweils
anderen Seite her zu betrachten bzw. zu
analysieren. [46]
9. Bibliography
References:
(1) Oevermann, Ulrich
(2) Rosenthal

Biography analysis ROSENTHAL und FISCHER-
ROSENTHAL (Tuider p. 21)
1. Analysis of the biographical data (event data);
2. Textual and thematical field analysis (sequential analysis of text
segments; self-presentation);
3. Reconstruction of the case story (experience life) – or lifeworld (Schutz);
4. Indepth analysis of selected text parts;
5. Contrasting of the narrative with the experienced biography;
6. Construction of ideal types
9. Bibliography
References:
(1) Rosenthal & Fischer-Rosenthal. (1997).

Biography analysis structural (LUCIUS-HOENE
und DEPPERMANN)
1. Data preparation (Inventary, timeline, etc.);
2. Construction of basic structure for interview and segmentation of the
text;
3. Indepth analysis of text parts – strictly sequential by means of the
«heuristical in depth analysis of text passages»
4. folgender «Heuristic text recovery» (p.321):
1. What is represented?
2. How is it represented?
3. Why (Wozu) is this represented instead of anything else?
4. Why (Wozu) is it represente right now?
5. Why (Wozu) is it represented in this form?
5. Precision and correction of the results from the basic structure (point 2);
6. Presentation of the case structure
9. Bibliography
References:
(1) Lucius-Hoene & Deppermann. (2004)

1. Selection of the research subjects and
exploration of relevant data sources
• Pre-selection of population according pre-constructed ideal types
• Pre-selection of sample population according role in conflict according
pre-constructed ideal types
• Data preparation (Inventary, timeline, etc.)
• Pre-selection of sample actors according relevance and availability after
first readings of autobiographies

2. Become acquainted with the data through
repeated reading
Scaffold reading
• Style?
• Means, materials?
Sequential reading (from beginning to end)
• Heuristic text recovery (Lucius-Hoene & Deppermann, 2004)
• Situation and context of the writing?
• Contrast statements with opposing and supporting sources
Systematic reading
• of statements about concepts of identity, crisis and meaning
• of textes relating to concepts of identity, crisis and meaning
• through secondary sources and references
• How is identity produced? Who produces it, why and how?

3. Identification of themes, categories and
subjectes of the discourse
• Contrast with ideal types
• How is crisis understood?
• What kind of crisis (pragmatic, moral, ethical)?
• How is the crisis localized – what is the «reason» according the actor?
• Why is it a crisis for the actor?
• What does the crisis mean, what does it threaten and how is the threat
avoided?
• «genuine because-motives» of the actor?

4. Search for evidence for the inter-disursive
relations (see LINK 1997)
• Reconstruction of the social network according to primary and secondary
literature
• Evidences of inter-discurse from the text
• Evidences of inter-discurse outside of the text

5. Identification of discursive strategies and
tecniques
• Which strategies did the author apply?
• How successful were they?
• What did the author intent to achieve by these strategies?
• What special (linguistic or stylistic) technics and skills did the author use?

6. Search for gaps and the unexpressed
• Reading for detail, looking for gaps, contradictions, bias, open
interpretations and divergent interpretations
• What is not stated in the work, but can be deduced from actions or other
writings and speeches of the author?
• Interpretation from the textual context of unstated meaning

7. Search for counter-discurses and opposition
• Where there direct opposers to the autobiographical writing or actions of
the author?
• Was there an exchange between critics and opposers?
• What is the purpose of the writing?
• What does the author try to achieve?
• How is the perception of the readers?
• How is the reaction of the readers?

8. Identification discurse effects
• Self-presentation
• How did reader response affect the authors life?
• How did the act of writing itself affect the authors life?
• How did the reflextions and conclusions from the writing affect the
authors life?
• How did the work affect readers?
• How did the text influence the course of actions?
• How did the text influence the meaning-context within the group and the
larger society?

9. Sketch background of subjects
• Describe the historiographic context
• Describe the biographic context
• Describe the meaning-context

10. Contextualize the material in the power-
knowledge-network of the concerning historic
period
• Make conclusions from the social network
• Make conclusions from the knowledge about facts the author had or
lacked
• Settle the author within the power-knowledge-network
• Describe the authors spontaneity and creativity in meaning creating
• Contrast knowlege-network with meaning-context
• Reconstruction of the case story (experience life) – or lifeworld (Schutz)
• Contrasting of the narrative with the experienced biography
• Confirmation / actualization of ideal types

(B2) Cross-cultural comparision
• Compare equal with paralells
• Link divergences to divergences
• Search for pattern in relationships of
experiences and meaning
interpretationng to experiences
Individual & Group
Level
Experiences Meaning Relation between
experience and
meaning
Experiences Paralleles/
Divergences
Paralleles/
Divergences
Paralleles/
Divergences
Meaning Paralleles/
Divergences
Paralleles/
Divergences
Paralleles/
Divergences
Relation between
experience and
meaning
Paralleles/
Divergences
Paralleles/
Divergences
Paralleles/
Divergences
• Compare between subjects
• Compare between places (spaces)
• Compare developments (time)

Socio-political Revolutions in Early Modernity
1808
1809
1812
1829
1827
1899
1763
1775
1811
1817
1835
1855
1876
1855
1864
1890
1830
1830
18171817
1830
18xx
1808
1893
18xx
The «will of the people» (Rousseau)
The «war of the people» (Clausewitz)
Der Krieg […,] ein erweiterter Zweikampf [,…]ist also ein Akt
der Gewalt, um den Gegner zur Erfüllung unseres Willens zu
zwingen» (Vom Kriege. Clausewitz).
18xx
1856
1856

(B) Population
Sample A
September
Revolution
1839 Zürich
Switzerland,
1750-1848
Revolutions
1789-1850
9. Bibliography
References:
(1) Breunig, Charles. (1980). The Age of Revolution and Reaction
1789-1850.
(2) Lerner. Marc. (2011). A Laboratory of Liberty: The
Transformation of Political Culture in Republican Switzerland,
1750-1848 (Studies in Central European Histories)
(3) Aerne, Peter. (1989). Züriputsch: 6. September 1839, Sieg der
gerechten Sache oder Septemberschande?

(B) Population
Sample B
Red Stick War
1814-1816
Cherokee
Land
Northern
America,
1754-1865
Revolutions
1789-1850
9. Bibliography
References:
(1) Banks, Dennis. Chronicles of American Indian Protest.

(D) Justification of the Model
• Justification of the model
• Interdisciplinary character of the problem
• High grade of universality
• Compatible with Austrian apriorism and praxeology
• Long tradition in hermeneutical phenomenology
• Well known and respected methods in current research

(E) Validity and Bias
• Comparision of meaning on signs throughout cross-cultural context
• Interpretation of expressions
• Linguistic appropiateness of interpretation
• Appropriateness of interpretation of the meaning-context
• Gender
• Age
• Unstated assumptions

(F) Threats
• Relevance of the actors role in the social context
• Relevance of the actors experience within their lifeworld
• Lack of relevant data
• Lack of concretness in data
• Suffiecient abstract in order to be compared
• Suffiencent concrete in order to be meaningful

Index
• Respect for copy right
• Respect for opinion of relevant members of the groups
researched
• Respect for historical memory
1. Title
2. Problem
3. Theory
4. Justification
6. Methodology
7. Legal Issues
8. Research Plan
9. Bibliography
1. Title
2. Problem
3. Theory
4. Justification
6. Methodology
7. Legal Issues
8. Research Plan
9. Bibliography

Index
1. Title
2. Problem
3. Theory
4. Justification
6. Methodology
7. Legal Issues
8. Research Plan
9. Bibliography
1. Title
2. Problem
3. Theory
4. Justification
6. Methodology
7. Legal Issues
8. Research Plan
9. Bibliography

Synthesis
Problem Theory Methodology Measurements Contribution
Body-mind Discourse ethics Autobiographical
writing &
Historiography
Experiences and
expression of
identity (because-
motives)
Understand identity
constitution
Time & rationality Community learning Social
phenomenology
Creation of meaning
(in-ordert-to-
motives)
Evidence for the
relation between
liberty and
responsanility
Communicative
action
Philosophy of mind Social psychology Signs of relationship Find motivating
factors for mutual
recognition of
communicative
partners
Research phase
Individual level
Intersubjective
level

Contemporary comparative studies (19th
Century)
• Dahlmann, F. C.. (1922). Zwei Revolutionen. Göttingen

Current comperative studies (20th-21th
Century)
• Hermann. (1962). Zwei Historiker Friedrich Christoph Dahlmann, Jacob
Burckhardt. Göttingen

Discours and Biographical Analysis
• Tuider, Elisabeth. (2007). Diskursanalyse und Biographieforschung. FQS
Forum Qualitative Social Research. Vol. 8(2).

Dissertation proposal Version 5.5 (2001)

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