With a view to display a Digital Clock through digital circuits using modulo-n (mod-n) counters, a circuit diagram was designed and implemented it through multi simulation software. In the similar manner the time digits were displayed on seven segment displays at 8255 programmable peripheral interface (PPI) ports through 8051 microcontroller, the time digits (hours, minutes and seconds) were connected to the first 8255 PPI and the date digits (Years, months and days) were connected to second 8255 PPI. The detailed circuit diagram was given to understand the construction details of the circuit. The loop in a loop technique of assembly language program was used to display date and time. After displaying a year, month and day on the date displays through main program, it calls 1day subroutine to display time in 24 hours clock. The 1day subroutine calls 1second delay subroutine to change the digits in seconds display. After completion of 24 hours time, the digit will be changed in the days display to indicate the next date. After completion of 31 days in the first month, the main program calls month subroutine to change the digit in the months display. Precautions were taken to change the digits in months display for January 31 days, February 28 days, March 31 days, April 30 days, May 31 days, June 30 days, July 31 days, August 31 days, September 30 days, October 31 days, November 30 days and December 31 days. After completion of a month, there will be a change in years digit and this process will be repeated continuously.
Comparative Analysis of Pso-Pid and Hu-PidIJERA Editor
PID control is an important ingredient of a distributed control system. The controllers are also embedded in many special purpose control systems. PID control is often combined with logic, sequential functions, selectors, and simple function blocks to build the complicated automation systems used for energy production, transportation, and manufacturing. Many sophisticated control strategies, such as model predictive control, are also organized hierarchically. PID control is used at the lowest level; the multivariable controller gives the set points to the controllers at the lower level. The PID controller can thus be said to be the “bread and butter‟ of power system engineering. It is an important component in every control engineer‟s tool box. PID controllers have survived many changes in technology, from mechanics and pneumatics to microprocessors via electronic tubes, transistors, integrated circuits. The microprocessor has had a dramatic influence on the PID controller
Welding demand in offshore and marine applications is increased with the increasing in oil and gas activities as well as increasing in the marine transportation and industrial applications. Applications of underwater welding well be increased in Kuwait in the coming years due to the strategic directive of the country toward starting the offshore oil and gas exploration and production, and the increase in marine transportation projects. Therefore, there is a need to understand the concept of underwater welding and different techniques used in the market. In this paper, a brief description of the different commercial underwater techniques will be presented taking into account showing detailed description of a few advanced welding techniques.
A stochastic modeling of biological systems is crucial to effectively and efficiently developing treatments for medical conditions that plague humanity. The study of challenge tests designed to evaluate serotoninergic pathways have widely used intravenous citalopram. Oral citalopram has also been used, but unsatisfactory results were obtained with a dose of 20 mg. We evaluated cortisol, growth hormone and prolactin levels and determine whether a higher oral dose would reproduce similar to those described for intravenous administration. Under the assumption that the threshold level of cortisol is a random variable follows exponentiated modified weibull distribution. The survival function of cortisol and its p.d.f are derived.
Modeling and Analysis of a Manufacturing Plant Using Discrete Event SimulationIJERA Editor
Today‟s manufacturing systems are characterized by large number of complexities such as random arrival patterns of jobs, random processing times, random failure rates, random repair times, random rejection of parts, etc. The analytical models cannot capture all the randomness mentioned above into the models. There is a need to incorporate them into models to have a practical and real life model. Simulation comes handy in this aspect. Discrete Event Simulation (DES) is used to model a manufacturing system to predict its performance. The inputs to this model include arrival rate, batch size, setup time, processing time, machine breakdown rate, machine breakdown frequency, machines and their capacities, buffers, rejection percentage and inspection time. The outputs that are estimated are work in process, flow time, utilization and throughput.
Modeling and Analysis of Progressive Tool with Pilot LocationIJERA Editor
Press tool components play an important role in every aspects of modern word. There are different types of press tools are available, in this progressive tools are more influence the automobile industry for mass production. The operation of a progressive die involves the series of sheet metal operations at two or more stations during each press stroke for developing the complete work piece. The strip must move from the first station through each succeeding station and perform one or more distinct die operations at each working station. One or more idle stations may be incorporated in the die. In this paper we use software CATIA V5 for modeling a progressive tool to manufacture a washer for M12 bolt. In earlier design there is no primary stopper for first station and there are no accurate location like pilots for further station. In this design we provide primary stopper for first station, pilots for further stations and also we replace the die block with die buttons. For this any damage occurs on die button simply we can replace that particular die button instead of replacement of entire die block this will reduce the material cost, machining time and die maintenance.
A New Method of Reference Signal Generation Applied To UPQC-PHEV For Grid Int...IJERA Editor
In this paper a new reference signal generation control technique is proposed for integration of Unified Power Quality Conditioner (UPQC) with Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV) for overcoming voltage sag and other voltage fault conditions on wind farms which is connected to grid. The interaction of wind generators and grid causes increased short circuit current which leads to instability during fault conditions. The new control technique which generate reference signals for series active power filter (Series APF) and shunt active power filter (Shunt APF) of UPQC by using PHEV as an Energy Storage System (ESS) which will take care of all types of voltage faults occurred in the system and provide energy storage to DC link between Series APF and Shunt APF parts of UPQC. The control scheme proposed also maintains transaction of active and reactive power of Wind Energy Conversion System based on Squirrel Cage Induction Generators (WECS-SCIG) and grid. The fuzzy logic provides fast and dynamic response to clear faults occurred in the system
Cost Aware Expansion Planning with Renewable DGs using Particle Swarm Optimiz...IJERA Editor
This Paper is an attempt to develop the expansion-planning algorithm using meta heuristics algorithms. Expansion Planning is always needed as the power demand is increasing every now and then. Thus for a better expansion planning the meta heuristic methods are needed. The cost efficient Expansion planning is desired in the proposed work. Recently distributed generation is widely researched to implement in future energy needs as it is pollution free and capability of installing it in rural places. In this paper, optimal distributed generation expansion planning with Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Cuckoo Search Algorithm (CSA) for identifying the location, size and type of distributed generator for future demand is predicted with lowest cost as the constraints. Here the objective function is to minimize the total cost including installation and operating cost of the renewable DGs. MATLAB based `simulation using M-file program is used for the implementation and Indian distribution system is used for testing the results.
Electrochemical Supercapacitive Performance of Sprayed Co3O4 ElectrodesIJERA Editor
Nanocrystalline cobalt oxide (Co3O4) thin film electrodes were fabricated by spray pyrolysis method on conducting fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) substrates using ammonia complexed with cobalt chloride (CoCl2. 6H2O) solution. The structural and morphological properties of Co3O4electrodes were studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).The surface morphology study showed the film formation of porous surface with clusters. The electrochemical supercapacitive properties ofCo3O4 electrodes were evaluated using cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge-discharge method. The Co3O4electrodes showed maximum specific capacitance of 168 F/g in 1 M aqueous KOH electrolyte at the scan rate of 20 mV/s. The maximum specific energy and specific power of the cell are 2.2Wh/kg and 0.23 kW/kg, respectively.
Comparative Analysis of Pso-Pid and Hu-PidIJERA Editor
PID control is an important ingredient of a distributed control system. The controllers are also embedded in many special purpose control systems. PID control is often combined with logic, sequential functions, selectors, and simple function blocks to build the complicated automation systems used for energy production, transportation, and manufacturing. Many sophisticated control strategies, such as model predictive control, are also organized hierarchically. PID control is used at the lowest level; the multivariable controller gives the set points to the controllers at the lower level. The PID controller can thus be said to be the “bread and butter‟ of power system engineering. It is an important component in every control engineer‟s tool box. PID controllers have survived many changes in technology, from mechanics and pneumatics to microprocessors via electronic tubes, transistors, integrated circuits. The microprocessor has had a dramatic influence on the PID controller
Welding demand in offshore and marine applications is increased with the increasing in oil and gas activities as well as increasing in the marine transportation and industrial applications. Applications of underwater welding well be increased in Kuwait in the coming years due to the strategic directive of the country toward starting the offshore oil and gas exploration and production, and the increase in marine transportation projects. Therefore, there is a need to understand the concept of underwater welding and different techniques used in the market. In this paper, a brief description of the different commercial underwater techniques will be presented taking into account showing detailed description of a few advanced welding techniques.
A stochastic modeling of biological systems is crucial to effectively and efficiently developing treatments for medical conditions that plague humanity. The study of challenge tests designed to evaluate serotoninergic pathways have widely used intravenous citalopram. Oral citalopram has also been used, but unsatisfactory results were obtained with a dose of 20 mg. We evaluated cortisol, growth hormone and prolactin levels and determine whether a higher oral dose would reproduce similar to those described for intravenous administration. Under the assumption that the threshold level of cortisol is a random variable follows exponentiated modified weibull distribution. The survival function of cortisol and its p.d.f are derived.
Modeling and Analysis of a Manufacturing Plant Using Discrete Event SimulationIJERA Editor
Today‟s manufacturing systems are characterized by large number of complexities such as random arrival patterns of jobs, random processing times, random failure rates, random repair times, random rejection of parts, etc. The analytical models cannot capture all the randomness mentioned above into the models. There is a need to incorporate them into models to have a practical and real life model. Simulation comes handy in this aspect. Discrete Event Simulation (DES) is used to model a manufacturing system to predict its performance. The inputs to this model include arrival rate, batch size, setup time, processing time, machine breakdown rate, machine breakdown frequency, machines and their capacities, buffers, rejection percentage and inspection time. The outputs that are estimated are work in process, flow time, utilization and throughput.
Modeling and Analysis of Progressive Tool with Pilot LocationIJERA Editor
Press tool components play an important role in every aspects of modern word. There are different types of press tools are available, in this progressive tools are more influence the automobile industry for mass production. The operation of a progressive die involves the series of sheet metal operations at two or more stations during each press stroke for developing the complete work piece. The strip must move from the first station through each succeeding station and perform one or more distinct die operations at each working station. One or more idle stations may be incorporated in the die. In this paper we use software CATIA V5 for modeling a progressive tool to manufacture a washer for M12 bolt. In earlier design there is no primary stopper for first station and there are no accurate location like pilots for further station. In this design we provide primary stopper for first station, pilots for further stations and also we replace the die block with die buttons. For this any damage occurs on die button simply we can replace that particular die button instead of replacement of entire die block this will reduce the material cost, machining time and die maintenance.
A New Method of Reference Signal Generation Applied To UPQC-PHEV For Grid Int...IJERA Editor
In this paper a new reference signal generation control technique is proposed for integration of Unified Power Quality Conditioner (UPQC) with Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV) for overcoming voltage sag and other voltage fault conditions on wind farms which is connected to grid. The interaction of wind generators and grid causes increased short circuit current which leads to instability during fault conditions. The new control technique which generate reference signals for series active power filter (Series APF) and shunt active power filter (Shunt APF) of UPQC by using PHEV as an Energy Storage System (ESS) which will take care of all types of voltage faults occurred in the system and provide energy storage to DC link between Series APF and Shunt APF parts of UPQC. The control scheme proposed also maintains transaction of active and reactive power of Wind Energy Conversion System based on Squirrel Cage Induction Generators (WECS-SCIG) and grid. The fuzzy logic provides fast and dynamic response to clear faults occurred in the system
Cost Aware Expansion Planning with Renewable DGs using Particle Swarm Optimiz...IJERA Editor
This Paper is an attempt to develop the expansion-planning algorithm using meta heuristics algorithms. Expansion Planning is always needed as the power demand is increasing every now and then. Thus for a better expansion planning the meta heuristic methods are needed. The cost efficient Expansion planning is desired in the proposed work. Recently distributed generation is widely researched to implement in future energy needs as it is pollution free and capability of installing it in rural places. In this paper, optimal distributed generation expansion planning with Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Cuckoo Search Algorithm (CSA) for identifying the location, size and type of distributed generator for future demand is predicted with lowest cost as the constraints. Here the objective function is to minimize the total cost including installation and operating cost of the renewable DGs. MATLAB based `simulation using M-file program is used for the implementation and Indian distribution system is used for testing the results.
Electrochemical Supercapacitive Performance of Sprayed Co3O4 ElectrodesIJERA Editor
Nanocrystalline cobalt oxide (Co3O4) thin film electrodes were fabricated by spray pyrolysis method on conducting fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) substrates using ammonia complexed with cobalt chloride (CoCl2. 6H2O) solution. The structural and morphological properties of Co3O4electrodes were studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).The surface morphology study showed the film formation of porous surface with clusters. The electrochemical supercapacitive properties ofCo3O4 electrodes were evaluated using cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge-discharge method. The Co3O4electrodes showed maximum specific capacitance of 168 F/g in 1 M aqueous KOH electrolyte at the scan rate of 20 mV/s. The maximum specific energy and specific power of the cell are 2.2Wh/kg and 0.23 kW/kg, respectively.
Design, Implementation and Simulation of 12/24 Hours Digital Clock With Stop ...IJERA Editor
In this paper thedesign, implementation and simulation of a digital clock capable of displaying seconds, minutes and 12 or 24 hours timing, with a date indicator that display days ,months and years including a stop watch is presented. The architectural design was carried out using synchronous decade counters and logic gates. The basic clock frequency signal (in hertz) that drives the clock was generated using a clock voltage source of the simulator for frequency division of the desired clock pulse. The digital clock circuit was implemented and simulated using national instrument electronic work bench (multism) software version 13.0 on personal computer (PC). The result of the simulation showed that the designed clock and stop watch gives an approximate timing count, comparable to different existing digital clocks/stop watch with percentage error of 0.0033%.
1
CMIS 102 Hands-On Lab
Week 8
Overview
This hands-on lab allows you to follow and experiment with the critical steps of developing a program
including the program description, analysis, test plan, and implementation with C code. The example
provided uses sequential, repetition, selection statements, functions, strings and arrays.
Program Description
This program will input and store meteorological data into an array. The program will prompt the user to
enter the average monthly rainfall for a specific region and then use a loop to cycle through the array
and print out each value. The program should store up 5 years of meteorological data. Data is collected
once per month. The program should provide the option to the user of not entering any data.
Analysis
I will use sequential, selection, and repetition programming statements and an array to store data.
I will define a 2-D array of Float number: Raindata[][] to store the Float values input by the user. To store
up to 5 years of monthly data, the array size should be at least 5*12 = 60 elements. In a 2D array this will
be RainData[5][12]. We can use #defines to set the number of years and months to eliminate hard-
coding values.
A float number (rain) will also be needed to input the individual rain data.
A nested for loop can be used to iterate through the array to enter Raindata. A nested for loop can also
be used to print the data in the array.
A array of strings can be used to store year and month names. This will allow a tabular display with
labels for the printout.
Functions will be used to separate functionality into smaller work units. Functions for displaying the data
and inputting the data will be used.
A selection statement will be used to determine if data should be entered.
Test Plan
To verify this program is working properly the input values could be used for testing:
Test Case Input Expected Output
1 Enter data? = y
1.2
2.2
3.3
2.2
10.2
12.2
2.3
0.4
0.2
1.1
2.1
year month rain
2011 Jan 1.20
2011 Feb 2.20
2011 Mar 3.30
2011 Apr 2.20
2011 May 10.20
2011 Jun 12.20
2011 Jul 2.30
2011 Aug 0.40
2011 Sep 0.20
2011 Oct 1.10
2011 Nov 2.10
2011 Dec 0.40
2
0.4
1.1
2.2
3.3
2.2
10.2
12.2
2.3
0.4
0.2
1.1
2.1
0.4
1.1
2.2
3.3
2.2
10.2
12.2
2.3
0.4
0.2
1.1
2.1
0.4
1.1
2.2
3.3
2.2
10.2
12.2
2.3
0.4
0.2
1.1
2.1
0.4
1.1
2.2
3.3
2.2
10.2
12.2
2.3
0.4
0.2
1.1
2.1
0.4
2012 Jan 1.10
2012 Feb 2.20
2012 Mar 3.30
2012 Apr 2.20
2012 May 10.20
2012 Jun 12.20
2012 Jul 2.30
2012 Aug 0.40
2012 Sep 0.20
2012 Oct 1.10
2012 Nov 2.10
2012 Dec 0.40
2013 Jan 1.10
2013 Feb 2.20
2013 Mar 3.30
2013 Apr 2.20
2013 May 10.20
2013 Jun 12.20
2013 Jul 2.30
2013 Aug 0.40
2013 Sep 0 ...
Controlled Rotation of the Shaft of a Stepper Motor with 8051 Microcontrollerinventionjournals
With a view to control the direction, speed and angle of rotation of the shaft of a stepper motor, the stepper motor was interfaced with 8051 microcontroller through 8255 PPI ports and rotating the shaft by supplying the required data by executing 8051 assembly language programs. The Hexadecimal data 07, 0B, 0D and 0E was given as inputs of stepper motor to rotate the shaft in a clock wise direction, while 07, 0E, 0D and 0B was given to the amplifiers produce opposite magnetic poles to rotate the shaft of a stepper motor in an anti clock wise direction. The speed was controlled by setting different values of the registers used in the delay subroutine. The lesser values of delay registers will increase the speed of the shaft of the stepper motor. To rotate the shaft of a stepper motor with a specified angle, a separate register was used to supply the above datas for required times to produce the suitable angle. An effort were made to rotate the shaft of the motor in both clock wise and anti clock wise alternatively with a specific angle by combining the assembly language programs of both clock wise and anti clock wise rotations at one place with appropriate count value.
FOR MORE CLASSES VISIT
tutorialoutletdotcom
CMIS 102 Hands-On Lab
Week 8
Overview
This hands-on lab allows you to follow and experiment with the critical steps of developing a program
including the program description, analysis, test plan, and implementation with C code. The example
provided uses sequential, repetition, selection statements, functions, strings and arrays.
Project Management and Statistical Process Control Homework Assign.docxwkyra78
Project Management and Statistical Process Control Homework Assignment
Project Management
PERT Network Diagram 1 illustrates the ten interrelated activities that comprise a certain project.
PERT Network Diagram 1
The information presented in Table 1 represents the optimistic activity time (a), most probable activity time (m), and pessimistic activity time (b) in weeks for each activity associated with the project.
Table 1
Activity
Optimistic (a)
Most Probable (m)
Pessimistic (b)
A
2
3
4
B
1
3
5
C
2
5
8
D
1
2
3
E
2
4
6
F
1
3
5
G
2
4
6
H
1
3
5
I
2
4
6
J
1
4
7
PERT Network Diagram 2
1. Using the information provided in Table 1, calculate the expected activity time (t) in weeks for each activity and then enter this information in the appropriate data field provided for each activity in PERT Network Diagram 2 in order to complete this diagram. Which of the following sequences accurately reflects the expected activity time in weeks for the ten activities arranged in alphabetical order by activity beginning with activity A and ending with activity J?
· 3, 3, 4, 2, 4, 3, 4, 3, 4, 4
· 3, 3, 5, 2, 4, 3, 4, 3, 4, 4
· 3, 3, 5, 2, 4, 3, 5, 3, 4, 4
· 3, 3, 4, 2, 4, 3, 4, 3, 5, 4
2. Using the information provided in Table 1, calculate the variance for the estimated activity time for each activity in order to identify which of the following sequences accurately reflects the variance for the ten activities arranged in alphabetical order by activity beginning with activity A and ending with activity J.
· 0.11, 1.00, 1.00, 0.11, 0.44, 0.44, 0.44, 0.44, 0.44, 1.00
· 0.11, 0.44, 1.00, 0.11, 0.44, 0.11, 0.44, 1.00, 0.44, 1.00
· 0.11, 0.44, 1.00, 0.11, 0.44, 0.44, 0.44, 0.44, 0.44, 1.00
· 0.11, 0.44, 1.00, 1.00, 0.44, 0.44, 0.11, 0.44, 0.44, 1.00
3. Using the information in completed PERT Network Diagram 2, calculate the overall estimated activity time in weeks for each of the following paths through the network in order to determine which of the following paths constitutes the critical path.
· ABCDG = 3+3+5+2+4 = 17 weeks
· ABEFJG = 3+3+4+3+4+4 = 21 weeks
· ABCFJG = 3+3+5+3+4+4= 22 weeks
· HIJG = 3+4+4+4 = 15 weeks
4. Using the information provided in Table 1, calculate the standard deviation for the project.
· 1.86 weeks
· 2.05 weeks
· 1.69 weeks
· 1.94 weeks
5. Using the information provided in Table 1 and completed Project Network Diagram 2, calculate the probability of the project critical path activities being completed in less than or equal to 24 weeks.
· 0.63
· 0.78
· 0.86
· 0.90
The information presented in Table 2 represents the calculated Earliest Start, Earliest Finish, Latest Start and Latest Finish times for each activity.
Table 2
Activity
Earliest Start
Earliest Finish
Latest Start
Latest Finish
A
0
3
0
3
B
3
6
3
6
C
6
11
6
11
D
11
13
16
18
E
6
10
7
11
F
11
14
11
14
G
18
22
18
22
H
0
3
7
10
I
3
7
10
14
J
14
18
14
18
6. Using the information provided in Table 2, calculate the slack time in weeks for each activity in order to i ...
Design, Implementation and Simulation of 12/24 Hours Digital Clock With Stop ...IJERA Editor
In this paper thedesign, implementation and simulation of a digital clock capable of displaying seconds, minutes and 12 or 24 hours timing, with a date indicator that display days ,months and years including a stop watch is presented. The architectural design was carried out using synchronous decade counters and logic gates. The basic clock frequency signal (in hertz) that drives the clock was generated using a clock voltage source of the simulator for frequency division of the desired clock pulse. The digital clock circuit was implemented and simulated using national instrument electronic work bench (multism) software version 13.0 on personal computer (PC). The result of the simulation showed that the designed clock and stop watch gives an approximate timing count, comparable to different existing digital clocks/stop watch with percentage error of 0.0033%.
1
CMIS 102 Hands-On Lab
Week 8
Overview
This hands-on lab allows you to follow and experiment with the critical steps of developing a program
including the program description, analysis, test plan, and implementation with C code. The example
provided uses sequential, repetition, selection statements, functions, strings and arrays.
Program Description
This program will input and store meteorological data into an array. The program will prompt the user to
enter the average monthly rainfall for a specific region and then use a loop to cycle through the array
and print out each value. The program should store up 5 years of meteorological data. Data is collected
once per month. The program should provide the option to the user of not entering any data.
Analysis
I will use sequential, selection, and repetition programming statements and an array to store data.
I will define a 2-D array of Float number: Raindata[][] to store the Float values input by the user. To store
up to 5 years of monthly data, the array size should be at least 5*12 = 60 elements. In a 2D array this will
be RainData[5][12]. We can use #defines to set the number of years and months to eliminate hard-
coding values.
A float number (rain) will also be needed to input the individual rain data.
A nested for loop can be used to iterate through the array to enter Raindata. A nested for loop can also
be used to print the data in the array.
A array of strings can be used to store year and month names. This will allow a tabular display with
labels for the printout.
Functions will be used to separate functionality into smaller work units. Functions for displaying the data
and inputting the data will be used.
A selection statement will be used to determine if data should be entered.
Test Plan
To verify this program is working properly the input values could be used for testing:
Test Case Input Expected Output
1 Enter data? = y
1.2
2.2
3.3
2.2
10.2
12.2
2.3
0.4
0.2
1.1
2.1
year month rain
2011 Jan 1.20
2011 Feb 2.20
2011 Mar 3.30
2011 Apr 2.20
2011 May 10.20
2011 Jun 12.20
2011 Jul 2.30
2011 Aug 0.40
2011 Sep 0.20
2011 Oct 1.10
2011 Nov 2.10
2011 Dec 0.40
2
0.4
1.1
2.2
3.3
2.2
10.2
12.2
2.3
0.4
0.2
1.1
2.1
0.4
1.1
2.2
3.3
2.2
10.2
12.2
2.3
0.4
0.2
1.1
2.1
0.4
1.1
2.2
3.3
2.2
10.2
12.2
2.3
0.4
0.2
1.1
2.1
0.4
1.1
2.2
3.3
2.2
10.2
12.2
2.3
0.4
0.2
1.1
2.1
0.4
2012 Jan 1.10
2012 Feb 2.20
2012 Mar 3.30
2012 Apr 2.20
2012 May 10.20
2012 Jun 12.20
2012 Jul 2.30
2012 Aug 0.40
2012 Sep 0.20
2012 Oct 1.10
2012 Nov 2.10
2012 Dec 0.40
2013 Jan 1.10
2013 Feb 2.20
2013 Mar 3.30
2013 Apr 2.20
2013 May 10.20
2013 Jun 12.20
2013 Jul 2.30
2013 Aug 0.40
2013 Sep 0 ...
Controlled Rotation of the Shaft of a Stepper Motor with 8051 Microcontrollerinventionjournals
With a view to control the direction, speed and angle of rotation of the shaft of a stepper motor, the stepper motor was interfaced with 8051 microcontroller through 8255 PPI ports and rotating the shaft by supplying the required data by executing 8051 assembly language programs. The Hexadecimal data 07, 0B, 0D and 0E was given as inputs of stepper motor to rotate the shaft in a clock wise direction, while 07, 0E, 0D and 0B was given to the amplifiers produce opposite magnetic poles to rotate the shaft of a stepper motor in an anti clock wise direction. The speed was controlled by setting different values of the registers used in the delay subroutine. The lesser values of delay registers will increase the speed of the shaft of the stepper motor. To rotate the shaft of a stepper motor with a specified angle, a separate register was used to supply the above datas for required times to produce the suitable angle. An effort were made to rotate the shaft of the motor in both clock wise and anti clock wise alternatively with a specific angle by combining the assembly language programs of both clock wise and anti clock wise rotations at one place with appropriate count value.
FOR MORE CLASSES VISIT
tutorialoutletdotcom
CMIS 102 Hands-On Lab
Week 8
Overview
This hands-on lab allows you to follow and experiment with the critical steps of developing a program
including the program description, analysis, test plan, and implementation with C code. The example
provided uses sequential, repetition, selection statements, functions, strings and arrays.
Project Management and Statistical Process Control Homework Assign.docxwkyra78
Project Management and Statistical Process Control Homework Assignment
Project Management
PERT Network Diagram 1 illustrates the ten interrelated activities that comprise a certain project.
PERT Network Diagram 1
The information presented in Table 1 represents the optimistic activity time (a), most probable activity time (m), and pessimistic activity time (b) in weeks for each activity associated with the project.
Table 1
Activity
Optimistic (a)
Most Probable (m)
Pessimistic (b)
A
2
3
4
B
1
3
5
C
2
5
8
D
1
2
3
E
2
4
6
F
1
3
5
G
2
4
6
H
1
3
5
I
2
4
6
J
1
4
7
PERT Network Diagram 2
1. Using the information provided in Table 1, calculate the expected activity time (t) in weeks for each activity and then enter this information in the appropriate data field provided for each activity in PERT Network Diagram 2 in order to complete this diagram. Which of the following sequences accurately reflects the expected activity time in weeks for the ten activities arranged in alphabetical order by activity beginning with activity A and ending with activity J?
· 3, 3, 4, 2, 4, 3, 4, 3, 4, 4
· 3, 3, 5, 2, 4, 3, 4, 3, 4, 4
· 3, 3, 5, 2, 4, 3, 5, 3, 4, 4
· 3, 3, 4, 2, 4, 3, 4, 3, 5, 4
2. Using the information provided in Table 1, calculate the variance for the estimated activity time for each activity in order to identify which of the following sequences accurately reflects the variance for the ten activities arranged in alphabetical order by activity beginning with activity A and ending with activity J.
· 0.11, 1.00, 1.00, 0.11, 0.44, 0.44, 0.44, 0.44, 0.44, 1.00
· 0.11, 0.44, 1.00, 0.11, 0.44, 0.11, 0.44, 1.00, 0.44, 1.00
· 0.11, 0.44, 1.00, 0.11, 0.44, 0.44, 0.44, 0.44, 0.44, 1.00
· 0.11, 0.44, 1.00, 1.00, 0.44, 0.44, 0.11, 0.44, 0.44, 1.00
3. Using the information in completed PERT Network Diagram 2, calculate the overall estimated activity time in weeks for each of the following paths through the network in order to determine which of the following paths constitutes the critical path.
· ABCDG = 3+3+5+2+4 = 17 weeks
· ABEFJG = 3+3+4+3+4+4 = 21 weeks
· ABCFJG = 3+3+5+3+4+4= 22 weeks
· HIJG = 3+4+4+4 = 15 weeks
4. Using the information provided in Table 1, calculate the standard deviation for the project.
· 1.86 weeks
· 2.05 weeks
· 1.69 weeks
· 1.94 weeks
5. Using the information provided in Table 1 and completed Project Network Diagram 2, calculate the probability of the project critical path activities being completed in less than or equal to 24 weeks.
· 0.63
· 0.78
· 0.86
· 0.90
The information presented in Table 2 represents the calculated Earliest Start, Earliest Finish, Latest Start and Latest Finish times for each activity.
Table 2
Activity
Earliest Start
Earliest Finish
Latest Start
Latest Finish
A
0
3
0
3
B
3
6
3
6
C
6
11
6
11
D
11
13
16
18
E
6
10
7
11
F
11
14
11
14
G
18
22
18
22
H
0
3
7
10
I
3
7
10
14
J
14
18
14
18
6. Using the information provided in Table 2, calculate the slack time in weeks for each activity in order to i ...
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Displaying of Digital Clock through digital circuits and through Assembly Language Programs of 8051 microcontroller
1. Dr. D. Chinni Krishna. Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Application www.ijera.com
ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 7, Issue 2, ( Part -3) February 2017, pp.01-06
www.ijera.com DOI: 10.9790/9622- 0702030106 1 | P a g e
Displaying of Digital Clock through digital circuits and through
Assembly Language Programs of 8051 microcontroller
Dr. D. Chinni Krishna*
and U. Sridevi**
*Department of Physics, Bhavan’s New Science College, Narayanaguda, Hyderabad-500 029, Telangana State,
India.
**Department of Mathematics, Govt. City College, Nayapul, Hyderabad-500 001, Telangana State, India
ABSTRACT
With a view to display a Digital Clock through digital circuits using modulo-n (mod-n) counters, a
circuit diagram was designed and implemented it through multi simulation software. In the similar manner the
time digits were displayed on seven segment displays at 8255 programmable peripheral interface (PPI) ports
through 8051 microcontroller, the time digits (hours, minutes and seconds) were connected to the first 8255 PPI
and the date digits (Years, months and days) were connected to second 8255 PPI. The detailed circuit diagram
was given to understand the construction details of the circuit. The loop in a loop technique of assembly
language program was used to display date and time. After displaying a year, month and day on the date
displays through main program, it calls 1day subroutine to display time in 24 hours clock. The 1day subroutine
calls 1second delay subroutine to change the digits in seconds display. After completion of 24 hours time, the
digit will be changed in the days display to indicate the next date. After completion of 31 days in the first month,
the main program calls month subroutine to change the digit in the months display. Precautions were taken to
change the digits in months display for January 31 days, February 28 days, March 31 days, April 30 days, May
31 days, June 30 days, July 31 days, August 31 days, September 30 days, October 31 days, November 30 days
and December 31 days. After completion of a month, there will be a change in years digit and this process will
be repeated continuously.
Keywords: Digital Clock, Modulo-n Counters, Interfacing, Assembly Language program, Loop in Loop
technique, Binary Coded Decimal (BCD) number
I. INTRODUCTION
In the digital era, designing of a digital
clock and maintaining of its digits without any
error is one of the important tasks of the circuit
designer. The sequential circuits of digital
electronics were implemented to design the clock.
The modulo-n counters are used to give the
required data to display the digits of a digital clock
on 7 segment displays.
II. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
The general circuit diagram of 24 hours Digital
Clock with digital circuits as given in a text book
[1] with clock input was designed by using mod-n
counters as shown in Fig. 1.
Fig. 1. Digital clock by using mod-n counter digital circuits
RESEARCH ARTICLE OPEN ACCESS
2. Dr. D. Chinni Krishna. Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Application www.ijera.com
ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 7, Issue 2, ( Part -3) February 2017, pp.01-06
www.ijera.com DOI: 10.9790/9622- 0702030106 2 | P a g e
The practical circuit diagram to design a 24 hours
digital clock by using mod-n counters on Multi-
simulation software [2] with execution results were
shown in Fig. 2.
Fig. 2. The 24 hours digital clock
It is observed from figure 2 that, each digit
in LSB reaches its required value may apply a
clock pulse to its next higher digit. When the clock
pulse reached to minutes place, it clears all digits in
seconds place. Similarly, when a clock pulse
reached to hours place, then all digits in minutes
and seconds place will be cleared. When it reaches
highest value all digits were cleared and it repeated
in incrementing mode. Change the clock position to
set or reset any of the digits in a digital clock.
The experimental diagram to display Time
and date through 8051 microcontroller as its ports
information given in a text book [3] was given in
Fig. 3. One 8255 ports are used to control the Time
digits and another 8255 PPI ports are used to
control the digits of the date. The Table 1 shows
the 8255 ports bit conditions to display time and
date in a systematic manner.
Fig. 3. Displaying of Time and Date through 8051 microcontroller and 8255 PPI ports
3. Displaying of Digital Clock through digital circuits and through Assembly Language Programs of ..
www.ijera.com DOI: 10.9790/9622- 0702030106 3 | P a g e
Table 1. Pattern of displaying time and days on seven segment displays
Years Months Days Hours Minutes Seconds
Upper
Digit
Lower
Digit
Upper
Digit
Lower
Digit
Upper
Digit
Lower
Digit
Upper
Digit
Lower
Digit
Upper
Digit
Lower
Digit
Upper
Digit
Lower
Digit
1 6 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 6 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
1 6 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2
1 6 0 1 0 0 “ “ “ “ “ “
1 6 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9
1 6 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0
1 6 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1
1 6 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2
1 6 0 1 0 0 “ “ “ “ “ “
1 6 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 9
1 6 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0
1 6 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1
1 6 0 1 0 0 “ “ “ “ “ “
1 6 0 1 0 0 0 0 5 9 5 9
1 6 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
1 6 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1
1 6 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 2
1 6 0 1 0 0 “ “ “ “ “ “
1 6 0 1 0 0 2 3 5 9 5 8
1 6 0 1 0 0 2 3 5 9 5 9
1 6 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
“ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “
1 6 0 1 3 1 2 3 5 9 5 9
1 6 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
“ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “
1 6 0 2 2 8 2 3 5 9 5 9
1 6 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
“ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “
1 6 0 3 3 1 2 3 5 9 5 9
1 6 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
“ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “
1 6 0 4 3 0 2 3 5 9 5 9
1 6 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
“ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “
1 6 1 2 3 1 2 3 5 9 5 9
1 7 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
“ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “
The Table 2 shows the assembly language
program of 8051 microcontroller to display 24
hours time and 2 digits years. The program one
executed, it gives exact values up to a period of 99
years. Precautions were taken in the assembly
language program to change the values in a leaf
year for every 4 years. The delay program gives
exactly 1 second delay, so that the clock works
accurately without any deviation. Two address
locations were written with NOP instructions to
modify the value of delay time by introducing an
extra register. The suitable address locations of
8051 microcontroller memory used in our
laboratory starts from 8000H onwards.
We successfully verified the program of
displaying of a time on seven segment displays
through 8051 assembly language program. Due to
time restrictions we could n’t verified the program
of displaying of the date. We expected that the
program could be worked out.
4. Displaying of Digital Clock through digital circuits and through Assembly Language Programs of ..
www.ijera.com DOI: 10.9790/9622- 0702030106 4 | P a g e
Table 2: Assembly language program for 8051 microcontroller to display Days at Port A, Months at port B and
years at port C of 8255 PPI. ORG 8000; Initial address of the program
Address Label field Mnemonic field Comments field
Main Program ORG 8000H Origin of the program from 8000H
8000 MOV DPTR,#2043H ; Load DPTR with Control port Address of 2nd
8255
8003 MOV A,#80 ; (A) = 80H = control word for all ports as output ports
8005 MOV R7,#16H ; (R7) = 16H = to display 16th
year on years displays
8007 MOV DPTR,#2042H ; Load DPTR with port C Address of 2nd
8255
800A MOV A,R7 ; (A) = 16H
800B MOVX @DPTR,A ; Display 16H at port C of 8255
800C MOV R6,#00 ; (R6) = 00
800E ACALL Month ; Call month routine to display January
8010 MOV R5,#0 ; (R5) = 0 = first Day on Days displays
8012 ACALL Day ; Call the routine Day to display day at port A
8014 CJNE R5,#1FH,Day1 ; Compare R5 with 1FH (i.e. 3110), if R5 ≠ 1FH then
jump to Day1. No need of involving Accumulator in
compare
8017 ACALL Month ; Call month routine to display February
8019 MOV R5,#0 ; (R5) = 0 = to display beginning of the Day
801B ACALL Day ; Call the routine Day to display day at port A
801D CJNE R5,#1CH,Day1 ; Compare R5 with 1CH (i.e. 2810), if R5 ≠ 1CH then
jump to Day1. In February month there are 28 days
8020 ACALL Month ; Call month routine to display March
8022 MOV R5,#0 ; (R5) = 0 = first Day on Days displays
8024 ACALL Day ; Call the routine Day to display day at port A
8026 CJNE R5,#1FH,Day1 ; Compare R5 with 1FH (i.e. 3110), if R5 ≠ 1FH then
jump to Day1. No need of involving Accumulator in
compare
8029 ACALL Month ; Call month routine to display April
802B BACK: MOV R5,#0 ; (R5) = 0 = first Day on Days displays
802D ACALL Day ; Call the routine Day to display day at port A
802F CJNE R5,#1EH,Day1 ; Compare R5 with 3010, if R5≠1EH then jump to Day1.
8032 ACALL Month ; Call month routine to display May / July
8034 MOV R5,#0 ; (R5) = 0 = to display beginning of the Day
8036 ACALL Day ; Call the routine Day to display day at port A
8038 CJNE R5,#1FH,Day1 ; Compare R5 with 3110, if R5 ≠ 1FH then jump to
Day1.
803B ACALL Month ; Call month routine to display June / August
803D CJNE R6,#08,BACK ; Compare R6 with 07 (July), if R6≠07 then jump
toBACK.
8040 MOV R5,#0 ; (R5) = 0 = to display beginning of the Day
8042 ACALL Day ; Call the routine Day to display day at port A
8044 CJNE R5,#1FH,Day1 ; Compare R5 with 3110, if R5 ≠ 1FH then jump to
Day1.
8047 ACALL Month ; Call month routine to display September
8049 BACK1: MOV R5,#0 ; (R5) = 0 = first Day on Days displays
804B ACALL Day ; Call the routine Day to display day at port A
804D CJNE R5,#1EH,Day1 ; Compare R5 with 1EH (i.e. 3010), if R5 ≠ 1EH then
jump to Day1. No need of involving Accumulator in
compare
8050 ACALL Month ; Call month routine to display October / December
8052 MOV R5,#0 ; (R5) = 0 = to display beginning of the Day
8054 ACALL Day ; Call the routine Day to display day at port A
8056 CJNE R5,#1FH,Day1 ; Compare R5 with 3110, if R5 ≠ 1FH then jump to
Day1.
8059 ACALL Month ; Call month routine to display November
805B CJNE R6,#12,BACK1 ; Compare R6 with 12H, if R6≠12H then jump to
BACK1.
805E INC R7 ; Increment the year
805F SJMP START ; Repeat the process again
5. Displaying of Digital Clock through digital circuits and through Assembly Language Programs of ..
www.ijera.com DOI: 10.9790/9622- 0702030106 5 | P a g e
Table 3: The Delay Routine
Address Label field Mnemonic field Comments field
FF00H DELAY: NOP ; No operation
FF01H NOP ; No operation
FF02H MOV R1,#0FF ; Load R1 register with FFH
FF04H LOOP2: MOV R2,#0FF ; Load R2 register with FFH
FF06H LOOP1: DJNZ R2,LOOP1 ; Decrement R2 by 1 and if it is not equal to 0
jump to LOOP1 (inner loop)
FF08H DJNZ R1,LOOP2 ; Decrement R1 by 1 and if it is not equal to 0
jump to LOOP2 (middle loop)
FF0AH NOP ; No operation
FF0BH NOP ; No operation
FF0CH RET ; Return to the main program
Table 4: Assembly language program for 8051 microcontroller to display Seconds at Port A, Minutes at port B
and Hours at port C of 8255 PPI.
Subroutine to display month at port B
9000 Month: INC R6 ; Increment R6 to get next month
9001 MOV DPTR,#2041H ; Load DPTR with port B Address of 2nd
8255
9004 MOV A,R6 ; (A) = R6
9005 DA A ; (A) = BCD coded Decimal value
9006 MOVX @DPTR,A ; Display next month at port B of 8255
9007 RET ; Return to main program
Subroutine to display a day at port A
9008 Day: MOV DPTR,#2040H ; Load DPTR with port A Address of 2nd
8255
900B Day1: MOV A,R5 ; (A) = day
900C DA A ; (A) = BCD coded Decimal value
900D MOVX @DPTR,A ; Display Day on port A of 8255
900E LCALL 1day ; Call delay for 1day = 24 hours.
9012 INC R5 ; Increment R5 to get next day
6013 RET ; Return to main program
Address Label
field
Mnemonic field Comments field
9100 1day: MOV DPTR,#2023H ; Load DPTR with Control port Address of 1st
8255
9103 MOV A,#80 ; (A) = 80H = control word for all ports as output
ports
9105 MOV DPTR,#2022H ; Load DPTR with port C Address of 1st
8255
9108 MOV R0,#0 ; (R0) = 00, to display 00 hours
910A MOV A,R0 ; (A) = (R0)
910B MOVX @DPTR,A ; Display 00 hours at port C of 8255
910C BACK3: MOV R4,#0 ; (R4) = 00, to display 00 minute
910E MOV A,R4 ; (A) = (R4)
910F MOV DPTR,#2021H ; Load DPTR with port B Address of 1st
8255
9112 MOVX @DPTR,A ; Display minutes at port B of 1st
8255
9113 BACK2: MOV R3,#0 ; (R3) = 00, to display 00 Seconds
9115 MOV A,R3 ; (A) = (R3)
9116 MOV DPTR,#2020H ; Load DPTR with port A Address of 1st
8255
9119 BACK1: MOVX @DPTR,A ; Display Seconds at port A of 1st
8255
911A LCALL DELAY ; Call 1 second DELAY routine
911D ADD A,#01 ; (A) = (A) + 1, to get next second
911F DA A ; Decimal adjusting A to get seconds in BCD format
9120 CJNE A,#60H,BACK1 ; If (A) ≠ 60H, then jum to BACK1
9123 INC R4 ; (R4) = (R4) + 1, to get next minute
9124 MOV DPTR,#2021H ; Load DPTR with port B Address of 1st
8255
9127 MOV A,R4 ; (A) = (R4)
9128 DA A ; Decimal adjusting A to get minutes in BCD format
6. Displaying of Digital Clock through digital circuits and through Assembly Language Programs of ..
www.ijera.com DOI: 10.9790/9622- 0702030106 6 | P a g e
III. CONCLUSIONS
1. The modulo-n counters were used to generate a
digital clock
2. Change the clock position to set or reset any of
the digits in the digital clock.
3. The lower digits reaches its maximum value, it
supplies a clock pulse to its higher digit.
4. When higher digits are resetting, they clears all
its lower positions.
5. Two separate 8255 PPIs required to display
time and date separately
6. The delay subroutine must give exactly 1
second delay to display time and date
accurately.
7. It is cheapest to design the digital clock with
digital circuits than with the microprocessors.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The first & corresponding author would
like to express thanks to Dr. S. Jaikishan garu, the
Chairman, Secretary & Correspondent of Bhavan’s
New Science College for encouraging him to carry
out the research work and publish papers. He also
thanks the management for providing the facilities
in Department of Physics to carry out the above
project. He also likes to wishes his thanks to his
colleagues Dr. P. Indira, Dr. S. Laxmi Srinivasa
Rao (The In charge Principal of BNSC (Day)), Sri.
D. Sambasiva Rao, Dr. B.V. Prasad, Dr. RVGK
Mohan, Dr. S. Jagan Mohan, Mr. B. Anjaiah, Ms.
Shahenn Sk, Mr. N. Venkateswar Reddy and Ms.
Asiya for their encouragement and support. He
would also like to express his thanks to Mr. Balraj,
Mr. Suresh, Mr. Sriram, the Non teaching staff of
Dept. of Physics of BNSC for their support.
He also wishes his thanks to his family
members and friends for their support. He would
like to convey his best wishes to his small kid
Master Krishna Chaithanya, who makes the author
in a refreshing mind by his smile and kidding
actions. Finally he would like to express his thanks
to his M.Sc. Applied Electronics students for their
support.
REFERENCES
[1] R.P. Jain and M.M.S. Anand; Digital
Electronics Practice using Integrated
Circuits, Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing
Company Limited, New Delhi.
[2] Dr. D. Chinni Krishna, Volume 3,
Number 2, Gaussian Journal of Science &
Applications, July-December 2015. ISSN:
2348-0440
[3] Muhammad Ali Mazidi, Jainice Gillispie
Mazidi and Rolin D. McKinlay; The 8051
Microcontrollers and Embedded Systems
using Assembly and C, Second Edition,
Eastern Economy Edition-2006, Prentice
Hall of India Private Limited, New Delhi-
110001.
9129 MOVX @DPTR,A ; Display minutes at port B of 1st
8255
912A CJNE A,#60H,BACK2 ; If (A) ≠ 60H, then jump to BACK1
912D INC R0 ; (R0) = (R0) + 01, to get next hour
912E MOV A,R0 ; (A) = (R0)
912F DA A ; Decimal adjusting A to get hours in BCD format
9130 CJNE A,#24H,BACK2 ; If (A) ≠ 24H, then jump to BACK3
9133 RET ; Return to main program