This document defines key terms related to disaster risk reduction and management such as hazard, exposure, vulnerability, capacity, and risk. It then provides examples of specific disasters that have impacted Baguio City, including earthquakes, tropical cyclones, and landslides. The document discusses the Philippines' risk profile as a disaster-prone country located in the typhoon belt and ring of fire. It emphasizes the importance of preparedness and outlines critical concerns to assess preparedness. The document also summarizes provisions of the Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Act of 2010 in the Philippines and highlights actions needed to reduce disaster risk such as establishing early warning systems and integrating disaster risk reduction into land use planning.
Disaster Risk Reduction and ManagementRyann Castro
The document discusses disaster risk reduction and management in the Philippines. It defines key terms like hazard, exposure, vulnerability, capacity, and risk. It then examines specific disasters that have affected Baguio City like earthquakes and typhoons, outlining their impacts and lessons learned. The risk profile of the Philippines is also summarized, noting it is prone to earthquakes, typhoons, volcanoes and other natural hazards due to its location in the Pacific Ring of Fire. Historical seismicity data for Baguio City is also presented.
The Philippines faces several natural hazards due to its location in the Pacific Ring of Fire. These include earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and typhoons which can cause flooding and landslides. Over the past 20 years, these disasters have killed over 31,000 people and affected over 94 million. The document discusses Philippine disaster risk profiles and outlines the country's vulnerability due to its hazards, impacts of climate change, and socioeconomic factors. It also defines disaster risk management and reduction concepts.
Why do risk and disaster management matterDavid Solis
The document discusses risk and disaster management. It provides background on Mexico's development of a catastrophe earthquake "insurance" supported by cat bonds and reinsurance to provide funds for emergency expenses to the Mexican Calamity Fund (FONDEN) if certain requirements are met. It states that risk and disaster management must be incorporated into development planning to help reduce impacts on development and improve situations for the poor during crises. Every disaster should also be viewed as an opportunity to "build back better".
Introduction to Disasters, Hazards, Key factors, Types of Disasters, Characteristics of Hazards, Vulnerability, Capacity and Risk.
It also contains Disaster management techniques, Risk mapping, Vulnerability Analysis, Role of NGOs in Disaster Mitigation and Management.
Earthquake and its impacts, Protection against Earthquakes, Earthquake Risk in India and Mitigation Strategy,
Brief Case study of Bhuj Earthquake, 2001
Floods, impact of Flooding, Problem of Floods in India, Flood control and Government policies and Mitigation practices.
Brief Case Study of Uttarakhand Flash Floods, 2013
disasters and their effects.-a DRRR lessonpptxJevyGayongorsa
This document provides information about key concepts related to disasters, including definitions of disaster, vulnerability, hazard, risk, and exposure. It identifies different types of natural and man-made disasters such as typhoons, stampedes, and floods. The document discusses the effects of disasters such as displaced populations, health risks, food scarcity, and emotional aftershocks. It also identifies areas that are exposed to natural hazards like coastal areas, riverbanks, and volcanoes. The document concludes with a short quiz to test understanding of the concepts covered.
This document defines key terms related to disasters, including:
1. It provides three definitions of "disaster" from different organizations.
2. It identifies two types of disasters: natural disasters caused by forces of nature and man-made disasters caused by human actions.
3. It explains concepts like hazard, vulnerability, capacity, primary effects, secondary effects, and tertiary effects in relation to disasters.
Disaster and Disaster RIsk_Quarter 1 - MOdule 2HuggoOtters
Management this is how to protect yourself against disaster and keep the world peace and save the world without sacrificing the people and saving yourself form one anothe to another
The document provides an overview of disaster readiness and risk reduction. It defines key concepts like disaster, disaster risk, natural disasters, and man-made disasters. Disasters are sudden events that cause harm to life and property and exceed a community's ability to cope. They are categorized into natural disasters, caused by natural hazards like earthquakes and floods, and man-made disasters, caused by human actions like industrial accidents, terrorism, and complex emergencies from war. Disaster risk refers to potential losses from a hazard due to a community's vulnerability and is a product of hazard, exposure, and vulnerability. The document aims to help readers understand different types of disasters and disaster risk.
Disaster Risk Reduction and ManagementRyann Castro
The document discusses disaster risk reduction and management in the Philippines. It defines key terms like hazard, exposure, vulnerability, capacity, and risk. It then examines specific disasters that have affected Baguio City like earthquakes and typhoons, outlining their impacts and lessons learned. The risk profile of the Philippines is also summarized, noting it is prone to earthquakes, typhoons, volcanoes and other natural hazards due to its location in the Pacific Ring of Fire. Historical seismicity data for Baguio City is also presented.
The Philippines faces several natural hazards due to its location in the Pacific Ring of Fire. These include earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and typhoons which can cause flooding and landslides. Over the past 20 years, these disasters have killed over 31,000 people and affected over 94 million. The document discusses Philippine disaster risk profiles and outlines the country's vulnerability due to its hazards, impacts of climate change, and socioeconomic factors. It also defines disaster risk management and reduction concepts.
Why do risk and disaster management matterDavid Solis
The document discusses risk and disaster management. It provides background on Mexico's development of a catastrophe earthquake "insurance" supported by cat bonds and reinsurance to provide funds for emergency expenses to the Mexican Calamity Fund (FONDEN) if certain requirements are met. It states that risk and disaster management must be incorporated into development planning to help reduce impacts on development and improve situations for the poor during crises. Every disaster should also be viewed as an opportunity to "build back better".
Introduction to Disasters, Hazards, Key factors, Types of Disasters, Characteristics of Hazards, Vulnerability, Capacity and Risk.
It also contains Disaster management techniques, Risk mapping, Vulnerability Analysis, Role of NGOs in Disaster Mitigation and Management.
Earthquake and its impacts, Protection against Earthquakes, Earthquake Risk in India and Mitigation Strategy,
Brief Case study of Bhuj Earthquake, 2001
Floods, impact of Flooding, Problem of Floods in India, Flood control and Government policies and Mitigation practices.
Brief Case Study of Uttarakhand Flash Floods, 2013
disasters and their effects.-a DRRR lessonpptxJevyGayongorsa
This document provides information about key concepts related to disasters, including definitions of disaster, vulnerability, hazard, risk, and exposure. It identifies different types of natural and man-made disasters such as typhoons, stampedes, and floods. The document discusses the effects of disasters such as displaced populations, health risks, food scarcity, and emotional aftershocks. It also identifies areas that are exposed to natural hazards like coastal areas, riverbanks, and volcanoes. The document concludes with a short quiz to test understanding of the concepts covered.
This document defines key terms related to disasters, including:
1. It provides three definitions of "disaster" from different organizations.
2. It identifies two types of disasters: natural disasters caused by forces of nature and man-made disasters caused by human actions.
3. It explains concepts like hazard, vulnerability, capacity, primary effects, secondary effects, and tertiary effects in relation to disasters.
Disaster and Disaster RIsk_Quarter 1 - MOdule 2HuggoOtters
Management this is how to protect yourself against disaster and keep the world peace and save the world without sacrificing the people and saving yourself form one anothe to another
The document provides an overview of disaster readiness and risk reduction. It defines key concepts like disaster, disaster risk, natural disasters, and man-made disasters. Disasters are sudden events that cause harm to life and property and exceed a community's ability to cope. They are categorized into natural disasters, caused by natural hazards like earthquakes and floods, and man-made disasters, caused by human actions like industrial accidents, terrorism, and complex emergencies from war. Disaster risk refers to potential losses from a hazard due to a community's vulnerability and is a product of hazard, exposure, and vulnerability. The document aims to help readers understand different types of disasters and disaster risk.
PPT_DRRR_LESSON_1_TO_3_CONCEPT_OF_DHRV_AND_EXPOSURE_VULNERABILITY.pdf.pptxKaye Norte
Vulnerability is determined by a combination of physical, social, economic, and environmental factors that influence a community's ability to prepare for and respond to disasters. Physically vulnerable groups include the poor, elderly, women, and children, as they often have less resources to withstand hazards. Socially, less educated groups and those with weaker community ties are more vulnerable. Certain key infrastructure, coastal and agricultural areas, and human health are also vulnerable sectors affected by climate change and disasters. Reducing vulnerability requires policies and programs that address factors like poverty, education, governance, technology, and social inclusion.
1. Disasters disrupt normal living conditions and cause suffering that exceeds a community's ability to cope.
2. Factors like poverty, population growth, and environmental degradation increase a community's vulnerability to hazards, while a lack of resources and services limits their resilience and capacity to prepare for, respond to, and recover from disasters.
3. Disaster management aims to reduce potential losses from hazards, provide prompt assistance to victims, and support rapid and sustainable recovery through activities like mitigation, preparedness, response, and rehabilitation.
1. Disasters disrupt normal living conditions and cause suffering that exceeds a community's ability to cope.
2. Several factors contribute to a community's vulnerability including poverty, lack of resources and education, and environmental degradation.
3. Disaster management aims to reduce potential losses from hazards, provide prompt assistance to victims, and support rapid recovery through activities like mitigation, preparedness, response, and rehabilitation.
Disaster risk reduction involves activities taken before a disaster to minimize vulnerabilities and reduce potential damages. This includes hazard and vulnerability assessments, early warning systems, land use planning, building codes, and public education. Community-based disaster risk reduction emphasizes empowering local communities to prepare for, respond to, and recover from disasters more effectively. It involves communities in all phases of disaster management from risk assessment to reconstruction. Training and education programs help communities understand risks and how to minimize impacts, while also building local capacities.
This dissertation submitted by Ashish Rawat for his M.Sc. 4th semester in 2015-16 at Govt. P.G. College Rishikesh focuses on disaster management. It includes an acknowledgment section thanking those who guided the work. The introduction defines key terms like disaster, hazard, vulnerability, risk. It discusses India's susceptibility to different natural hazards. The document then covers classification of disasters, characteristics of disasters, phases of disaster management and focuses on earthquake hazards with details on measurement, zones, management, and India's disaster profile.
This document discusses key concepts relating to disaster readiness and risk reduction, including definitions of disaster, hazard, vulnerability and capacity. It explains that vulnerability arises from social, economic, physical and environmental factors. Certain sectors of society are more vulnerable to disasters due to factors like wealth, education, age, gender and governance. The agriculture, watersheds, coastal/marine and health sectors are particularly vulnerable in the Philippines. Categories of vulnerability include physical/material, human, social/organizational and attitudinal aspects.
basic concept of disaster and disaster risk (PPT1).pptxWALTONMARBRUCAL
This document provides information about disasters and disaster risk in the Philippines. It begins by defining disaster and explaining that the Philippines is prone to natural disasters like earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and typhoons due to its location along the Ring of Fire. It distinguishes between natural hazards, which occur due to natural forces, and human-made induced hazards, which are caused by human activities. The document also defines key terms like risk, disaster risk, hazards, and disasters and explains how they relate to understanding risks and their impacts on communities in the Philippines.
This document discusses disaster management and defines disasters as occurrences that cause damage, loss of life, and deterioration of health on a scale that requires assistance from outside the affected community. It notes that disasters can be natural, such as floods or earthquakes, or human-made, such as industrial accidents. The document outlines the phases of disaster management as preparedness, response, recovery, and mitigation. It describes the roles of various organizations in disaster response and the roles of nurses in disaster preparedness, response, recovery, and mitigation efforts.
Introductory Lesson on Disaster Readiness and Reduction Risk 11/12-JevyGayongorsa
This document provides an introduction to disaster readiness and risk reduction for grades 11 and 12 students. It defines key terms like disaster, hazard, vulnerability, and exposure. Examples of natural disasters that impacted the Philippines like Typhoon Yolanda, the Wowowee stampede, and Typhoon Ondoy are discussed. The effects of disasters on displaced populations, health risks, food scarcity, and emotional trauma are outlined. Areas exposed to different natural and man-made hazards are listed. The document concludes with a short quiz to test understanding of the material.
This document discusses natural hazards and disasters. It defines natural hazards as severe weather events that occur naturally, and disasters as situations where hazards negatively impact human lives and livelihoods. It outlines different types of natural disasters including water-related, geological, industrial, accident-related, and biological. It also discusses key concepts like risk, vulnerability, resilience, adaptation, and mitigation in the context of disaster management. Finally, it provides examples of major natural disasters that have impacted India such as earthquakes in Latur and Bhuj, cyclones, floods, and the 2004 tsunami.
The document provides information about disaster risk reduction and management in the Philippines. It defines key terms like hazard, exposure, vulnerability, capacity, risk, and disaster. It describes the country's risk profile as being located in the Pacific Ring of Fire and being prone to earthquakes, typhoons, and volcanic eruptions. It discusses Republic Act 10121 which established the Philippine disaster risk reduction and management system with councils at the national, regional, provincial, city, and barangay levels. It emphasizes the importance of developing strategies and taking proactive measures to reduce risks and prepare for disasters.
The document provides an introduction to disaster management. It defines key terms like hazard, vulnerability, resilience and risk. It describes different types of disasters including earthquakes, landslides, floods, droughts, fires and cyclones. It discusses the impacts of disasters on society, economy, politics and environment. It provides dos and don'ts for different disasters like earthquakes, landslides, tsunamis and fires. Finally, it discusses global trends in disasters including urban disasters and complex emergencies.
This document discusses disaster management and defines different types of disasters. It provides definitions for hazards, disasters, and discusses various causal factors of disasters such as poverty, population growth, rapid urbanization, environmental degradation, lack of awareness, and war/civil strife. It then describes different types of natural hazards including earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanoes, landslides, and tropical cyclones. For each hazard type, it discusses the causal phenomenon, characteristics, predictability, vulnerability factors, typical adverse effects, risk reduction measures, and specific preparedness actions.
This document discusses disaster management and defines different types of disasters. It provides definitions for hazards, disasters, and discusses various causal factors of disasters such as poverty, population growth, rapid urbanization, environmental degradation, lack of awareness, and war/civil strife. It then describes different types of natural hazards including earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanoes, landslides, and tropical cyclones. For each hazard type, it discusses the causal phenomenon, characteristics, predictability, vulnerability factors, typical adverse effects, risk reduction measures, and specific preparedness actions.
This document discusses various concepts related to hazards, disasters, vulnerability, exposure, and risk. It provides examples, definitions, and explanations for different terminology. Some key points covered include:
- A hazard only becomes a disaster when it negatively impacts human lives and properties. Vulnerability, defined as characteristics that make something susceptible to hazards, determines the level of impact.
- Factors like physical exposure, socioeconomic status, and demographics contribute to a community's overall vulnerability. Marginalized groups are especially at risk due to lack of resources and ability to respond.
- Structures can be engineered, non-engineered, or owner-built, and factors like location, design complexity, and height influence
A disaster occurs when a hazard impacts vulnerable people and communities. Factors such as climate change, underdevelopment, and unplanned urbanization exacerbate disaster risk by increasing hazards and vulnerability. Poverty increases vulnerability as poorer countries and communities lack resources to prepare for and cope with disasters. Disaster risk is dynamic and influenced by development failures that increase exposure and vulnerability to hazards over time.
This document discusses the 2013 Uttarakhand floods in India as a case study of disaster management. Heavy rainfall caused the Alaknanda River to swell and breach its embankments, flooding the town of Srinagar starting around midnight. While the local Sashastra Seema Bal paramilitary camp was evacuated in time, saving many lives, the district administration was not informed and so residents of Srinagar like Manav Bisht were not warned and were caught off guard when the floods entered homes around 1:30am. The floods largely destroyed the town over the course of a few hours, demonstrating shortcomings in early warning systems.
What is disaster?
A disaster is a serious problem occurring over a short or long period of time that causes widespread human, material, economic or environmental loss which exceeds the ability of the affected community or society to cope using its own resources. Developing countries suffer the greatest costs when a disaster hits – more than 95% of all deaths caused by hazards occur in developing countries, and losses due to natural hazards are 20 times greater (as a percentage of GDP) in developing countries than in industrialized countries.
The word disaster is derived from Middle French désastre and that from Old Italian disastro, which in turn comes from the Ancient Greek pejorative prefix δυσ-, (dus-) "bad"and ἀστήρ (aster), "star".The root of the word disaster ("bad star" in Greek) comes from an astrological sense of a calamity blamed on the position of planets.
Disasters are routinely divided into natural or human-made, although complex disasters, where there is no single root cause, are more common in developing countries. A specific disaster may spawn a secondary disaster that increases the impact. A classic example is an earthquake that causes a tsunami, resulting in coastal flooding. Some manufactured disasters have been ascribed to nature such as smog and acid rain.
Some researchers also differentiate between recurring events such as seasonal flooding, and those considered unpredictable.
2. Natural disasters
A natural disaster is a natural process or phenomenon that may cause loss of life, injury or other health impacts, property damage, loss of livelihoods and services, social and economic disruption, or environmental damage.
Various phenomena like earthquakes, landslides, volcanic eruptions, floods, hurricanes, tornadoes, blizzards, tsunamis, cyclones, wildfires, and pandemics are all natural hazards that kill thousands of people and destroy billions of dollars of habitat and property each year.[10] However, the rapid growth of the world's population and its increased concentration often in hazardous environments has escalated both the frequency and severity of disasters. With the tropical climate and unstable landforms, coupled with deforestation, unplanned growth proliferation, non-engineered constructions make the disaster-prone areas more vulnerable. Developing countries suffer more or less chronically from natural disasters due to ineffective communication combined with insufficient budgetary allocation for disaster prevention and management.
A natural disaster is a natural process or phenomenon that may cause loss of life, injury or other health impacts, property damage, loss of livelihoods and services, social and economic disruption, or environmental damage.
Various phenomena like earthquakes, landslides, volcanic eruptions, floods, hurricanes, tornadoes, blizzards, tsunamis, cyclones, wildfires, and pandemics are all natural hazards that kill thousands of people and destroy billions of dollars of habitat and property
The Learner is introduced to the following terms in this unit.
Hazard * Vulnerability *Risk * Disasters *Disaster management
* Early Warning System * Preparedness * Response * Relief
* Recovery * Mitigation & DRR * Coping & Resilience
PPT_DRRR_LESSON_1_TO_3_CONCEPT_OF_DHRV_AND_EXPOSURE_VULNERABILITY.pdf.pptxKaye Norte
Vulnerability is determined by a combination of physical, social, economic, and environmental factors that influence a community's ability to prepare for and respond to disasters. Physically vulnerable groups include the poor, elderly, women, and children, as they often have less resources to withstand hazards. Socially, less educated groups and those with weaker community ties are more vulnerable. Certain key infrastructure, coastal and agricultural areas, and human health are also vulnerable sectors affected by climate change and disasters. Reducing vulnerability requires policies and programs that address factors like poverty, education, governance, technology, and social inclusion.
1. Disasters disrupt normal living conditions and cause suffering that exceeds a community's ability to cope.
2. Factors like poverty, population growth, and environmental degradation increase a community's vulnerability to hazards, while a lack of resources and services limits their resilience and capacity to prepare for, respond to, and recover from disasters.
3. Disaster management aims to reduce potential losses from hazards, provide prompt assistance to victims, and support rapid and sustainable recovery through activities like mitigation, preparedness, response, and rehabilitation.
1. Disasters disrupt normal living conditions and cause suffering that exceeds a community's ability to cope.
2. Several factors contribute to a community's vulnerability including poverty, lack of resources and education, and environmental degradation.
3. Disaster management aims to reduce potential losses from hazards, provide prompt assistance to victims, and support rapid recovery through activities like mitigation, preparedness, response, and rehabilitation.
Disaster risk reduction involves activities taken before a disaster to minimize vulnerabilities and reduce potential damages. This includes hazard and vulnerability assessments, early warning systems, land use planning, building codes, and public education. Community-based disaster risk reduction emphasizes empowering local communities to prepare for, respond to, and recover from disasters more effectively. It involves communities in all phases of disaster management from risk assessment to reconstruction. Training and education programs help communities understand risks and how to minimize impacts, while also building local capacities.
This dissertation submitted by Ashish Rawat for his M.Sc. 4th semester in 2015-16 at Govt. P.G. College Rishikesh focuses on disaster management. It includes an acknowledgment section thanking those who guided the work. The introduction defines key terms like disaster, hazard, vulnerability, risk. It discusses India's susceptibility to different natural hazards. The document then covers classification of disasters, characteristics of disasters, phases of disaster management and focuses on earthquake hazards with details on measurement, zones, management, and India's disaster profile.
This document discusses key concepts relating to disaster readiness and risk reduction, including definitions of disaster, hazard, vulnerability and capacity. It explains that vulnerability arises from social, economic, physical and environmental factors. Certain sectors of society are more vulnerable to disasters due to factors like wealth, education, age, gender and governance. The agriculture, watersheds, coastal/marine and health sectors are particularly vulnerable in the Philippines. Categories of vulnerability include physical/material, human, social/organizational and attitudinal aspects.
basic concept of disaster and disaster risk (PPT1).pptxWALTONMARBRUCAL
This document provides information about disasters and disaster risk in the Philippines. It begins by defining disaster and explaining that the Philippines is prone to natural disasters like earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and typhoons due to its location along the Ring of Fire. It distinguishes between natural hazards, which occur due to natural forces, and human-made induced hazards, which are caused by human activities. The document also defines key terms like risk, disaster risk, hazards, and disasters and explains how they relate to understanding risks and their impacts on communities in the Philippines.
This document discusses disaster management and defines disasters as occurrences that cause damage, loss of life, and deterioration of health on a scale that requires assistance from outside the affected community. It notes that disasters can be natural, such as floods or earthquakes, or human-made, such as industrial accidents. The document outlines the phases of disaster management as preparedness, response, recovery, and mitigation. It describes the roles of various organizations in disaster response and the roles of nurses in disaster preparedness, response, recovery, and mitigation efforts.
Introductory Lesson on Disaster Readiness and Reduction Risk 11/12-JevyGayongorsa
This document provides an introduction to disaster readiness and risk reduction for grades 11 and 12 students. It defines key terms like disaster, hazard, vulnerability, and exposure. Examples of natural disasters that impacted the Philippines like Typhoon Yolanda, the Wowowee stampede, and Typhoon Ondoy are discussed. The effects of disasters on displaced populations, health risks, food scarcity, and emotional trauma are outlined. Areas exposed to different natural and man-made hazards are listed. The document concludes with a short quiz to test understanding of the material.
This document discusses natural hazards and disasters. It defines natural hazards as severe weather events that occur naturally, and disasters as situations where hazards negatively impact human lives and livelihoods. It outlines different types of natural disasters including water-related, geological, industrial, accident-related, and biological. It also discusses key concepts like risk, vulnerability, resilience, adaptation, and mitigation in the context of disaster management. Finally, it provides examples of major natural disasters that have impacted India such as earthquakes in Latur and Bhuj, cyclones, floods, and the 2004 tsunami.
The document provides information about disaster risk reduction and management in the Philippines. It defines key terms like hazard, exposure, vulnerability, capacity, risk, and disaster. It describes the country's risk profile as being located in the Pacific Ring of Fire and being prone to earthquakes, typhoons, and volcanic eruptions. It discusses Republic Act 10121 which established the Philippine disaster risk reduction and management system with councils at the national, regional, provincial, city, and barangay levels. It emphasizes the importance of developing strategies and taking proactive measures to reduce risks and prepare for disasters.
The document provides an introduction to disaster management. It defines key terms like hazard, vulnerability, resilience and risk. It describes different types of disasters including earthquakes, landslides, floods, droughts, fires and cyclones. It discusses the impacts of disasters on society, economy, politics and environment. It provides dos and don'ts for different disasters like earthquakes, landslides, tsunamis and fires. Finally, it discusses global trends in disasters including urban disasters and complex emergencies.
This document discusses disaster management and defines different types of disasters. It provides definitions for hazards, disasters, and discusses various causal factors of disasters such as poverty, population growth, rapid urbanization, environmental degradation, lack of awareness, and war/civil strife. It then describes different types of natural hazards including earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanoes, landslides, and tropical cyclones. For each hazard type, it discusses the causal phenomenon, characteristics, predictability, vulnerability factors, typical adverse effects, risk reduction measures, and specific preparedness actions.
This document discusses disaster management and defines different types of disasters. It provides definitions for hazards, disasters, and discusses various causal factors of disasters such as poverty, population growth, rapid urbanization, environmental degradation, lack of awareness, and war/civil strife. It then describes different types of natural hazards including earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanoes, landslides, and tropical cyclones. For each hazard type, it discusses the causal phenomenon, characteristics, predictability, vulnerability factors, typical adverse effects, risk reduction measures, and specific preparedness actions.
This document discusses various concepts related to hazards, disasters, vulnerability, exposure, and risk. It provides examples, definitions, and explanations for different terminology. Some key points covered include:
- A hazard only becomes a disaster when it negatively impacts human lives and properties. Vulnerability, defined as characteristics that make something susceptible to hazards, determines the level of impact.
- Factors like physical exposure, socioeconomic status, and demographics contribute to a community's overall vulnerability. Marginalized groups are especially at risk due to lack of resources and ability to respond.
- Structures can be engineered, non-engineered, or owner-built, and factors like location, design complexity, and height influence
A disaster occurs when a hazard impacts vulnerable people and communities. Factors such as climate change, underdevelopment, and unplanned urbanization exacerbate disaster risk by increasing hazards and vulnerability. Poverty increases vulnerability as poorer countries and communities lack resources to prepare for and cope with disasters. Disaster risk is dynamic and influenced by development failures that increase exposure and vulnerability to hazards over time.
This document discusses the 2013 Uttarakhand floods in India as a case study of disaster management. Heavy rainfall caused the Alaknanda River to swell and breach its embankments, flooding the town of Srinagar starting around midnight. While the local Sashastra Seema Bal paramilitary camp was evacuated in time, saving many lives, the district administration was not informed and so residents of Srinagar like Manav Bisht were not warned and were caught off guard when the floods entered homes around 1:30am. The floods largely destroyed the town over the course of a few hours, demonstrating shortcomings in early warning systems.
What is disaster?
A disaster is a serious problem occurring over a short or long period of time that causes widespread human, material, economic or environmental loss which exceeds the ability of the affected community or society to cope using its own resources. Developing countries suffer the greatest costs when a disaster hits – more than 95% of all deaths caused by hazards occur in developing countries, and losses due to natural hazards are 20 times greater (as a percentage of GDP) in developing countries than in industrialized countries.
The word disaster is derived from Middle French désastre and that from Old Italian disastro, which in turn comes from the Ancient Greek pejorative prefix δυσ-, (dus-) "bad"and ἀστήρ (aster), "star".The root of the word disaster ("bad star" in Greek) comes from an astrological sense of a calamity blamed on the position of planets.
Disasters are routinely divided into natural or human-made, although complex disasters, where there is no single root cause, are more common in developing countries. A specific disaster may spawn a secondary disaster that increases the impact. A classic example is an earthquake that causes a tsunami, resulting in coastal flooding. Some manufactured disasters have been ascribed to nature such as smog and acid rain.
Some researchers also differentiate between recurring events such as seasonal flooding, and those considered unpredictable.
2. Natural disasters
A natural disaster is a natural process or phenomenon that may cause loss of life, injury or other health impacts, property damage, loss of livelihoods and services, social and economic disruption, or environmental damage.
Various phenomena like earthquakes, landslides, volcanic eruptions, floods, hurricanes, tornadoes, blizzards, tsunamis, cyclones, wildfires, and pandemics are all natural hazards that kill thousands of people and destroy billions of dollars of habitat and property each year.[10] However, the rapid growth of the world's population and its increased concentration often in hazardous environments has escalated both the frequency and severity of disasters. With the tropical climate and unstable landforms, coupled with deforestation, unplanned growth proliferation, non-engineered constructions make the disaster-prone areas more vulnerable. Developing countries suffer more or less chronically from natural disasters due to ineffective communication combined with insufficient budgetary allocation for disaster prevention and management.
A natural disaster is a natural process or phenomenon that may cause loss of life, injury or other health impacts, property damage, loss of livelihoods and services, social and economic disruption, or environmental damage.
Various phenomena like earthquakes, landslides, volcanic eruptions, floods, hurricanes, tornadoes, blizzards, tsunamis, cyclones, wildfires, and pandemics are all natural hazards that kill thousands of people and destroy billions of dollars of habitat and property
The Learner is introduced to the following terms in this unit.
Hazard * Vulnerability *Risk * Disasters *Disaster management
* Early Warning System * Preparedness * Response * Relief
* Recovery * Mitigation & DRR * Coping & Resilience
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Water polluted by dyestuffs compounds is a global threat to health and the environment; accordingly, we prepared a green novel sorbent chemical and Physical system from an algae, chitosan and chitosan nanoparticle and impregnated with algae with chitosan nanocomposite for the sorption of Malachite green dye from water. The algae with chitosan nanocomposite by a simple method and used as a recyclable and effective adsorbent for the removal of malachite green dye from aqueous solutions. Algae, chitosan, chitosan nanoparticle and algae with chitosan nanocomposite were characterized using different physicochemical methods. The functional groups and chemical compounds found in algae, chitosan, chitosan algae, chitosan nanoparticle, and chitosan nanoparticle with algae were identified using FTIR, SEM, and TGADTA/DTG techniques. The optimal adsorption conditions, different dosages, pH and Temperature the amount of algae with chitosan nanocomposite were determined. At optimized conditions and the batch equilibrium studies more than 99% of the dye was removed. The adsorption process data matched well kinetics showed that the reaction order for dye varied with pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order. Furthermore, the maximum adsorption capacity of the algae with chitosan nanocomposite toward malachite green dye reached as high as 15.5mg/g, respectively. Finally, multiple times reusing of algae with chitosan nanocomposite and removing dye from a real wastewater has made it a promising and attractive option for further practical applications.
Improving the viability of probiotics by encapsulation methods for developmen...Open Access Research Paper
The popularity of functional foods among scientists and common people has been increasing day by day. Awareness and modernization make the consumer think better regarding food and nutrition. Now a day’s individual knows very well about the relation between food consumption and disease prevalence. Humans have a diversity of microbes in the gut that together form the gut microflora. Probiotics are the health-promoting live microbial cells improve host health through gut and brain connection and fighting against harmful bacteria. Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus are the two bacterial genera which are considered to be probiotic. These good bacteria are facing challenges of viability. There are so many factors such as sensitivity to heat, pH, acidity, osmotic effect, mechanical shear, chemical components, freezing and storage time as well which affects the viability of probiotics in the dairy food matrix as well as in the gut. Multiple efforts have been done in the past and ongoing in present for these beneficial microbial population stability until their destination in the gut. One of a useful technique known as microencapsulation makes the probiotic effective in the diversified conditions and maintain these microbe’s community to the optimum level for achieving targeted benefits. Dairy products are found to be an ideal vehicle for probiotic incorporation. It has been seen that the encapsulated microbial cells show higher viability than the free cells in different processing and storage conditions as well as against bile salts in the gut. They make the food functional when incorporated, without affecting the product sensory characteristics.
2. SCOPE:
1. DEFINITION OF TERMS
• HAZARD
• EXPOSURE
• VULNERABILITY
• CAPACITY
• RISK
o POTENTIAL RISK TREATMENTS
• DISASTER
o CLASSIFICATIONS
o WHEN IS AN EVENT A DISASTER?
o WHY ARE DISASTER IMPACTS INCREASING?
o WHAT MUST BE DONE TO REDUCE RISK?
o DISASTER RISK REDUCTION METHOD
2. BAGUIO CITY: EFFECTS OF DISASTERS
• EARTHQUAKE
• TROPICAL CYCLONE
• TRASHSLIDE
3. PHILIPPINES RISK PROFILE
4. PREPAREDNESS
5. NEW FRAMEWORK ON DISASTER RISK REDUCTION & MANAGEMENT
6. SALIENT PROVISION OF R. A. 10121 (DRRM ACT OF 2010)
7. STRENGTHENING DISASTER RISK REDUCTION
8. EMERGENCY/DISASTER OPERATIONS CENTER
• SITUATIONAL ISSUES
• INCIDENT MANAGEMENT
2
4. HAZARD
• Is a dangerous phenomenon, substance, human activity or
condition that may cause loss of life, injury or other health impacts,
property damage, loss of livelihood & services, social & economic
disruption or environmental damage...
• Could be a potentially damaging phenomenon
• It could be natural or human-induced.
4
5. EXPOSURE
• The degree to which the element at risk are likely to experience
hazard events of different magnitude.
5
6. VULNERABILITY
• Is the characteristics and circumstances of a
community, system or asset that make it susceptible to the
damaging effects of a hazard.
• This may arise from various physical, social, economic &
environmental factors.
6
7. • Is the combination of all strengths and resources available within the
community, society or organization that can reduce the level of risk
or effects of a disaster.
7
CAPACITY
8.
9.
10.
11. DISASTER
• A disaster is a natural or man-made (or technological) hazard
resulting in an event of substantial extent causing significant
physical damage or destruction, loss of life, or drastic change to the
environment. A disaster can be ostensively defined as any tragic
event stemming from events such as
earthquakes, floods, catastrophic accidents, fires, or explosions. It is
a phenomenon that can cause damage to life and property and
destroy the economic, social and cultural life of people.
• In contemporary academia, disasters are seen as the consequence
of inappropriately managed risk. These risks are the product of a
combination of both hazard/s and vulnerability. Hazards that strike in
areas with low vulnerability will never become disasters, as is the
case in uninhabited regions.
11
12. DISASTER
Natural Disaster
A natural disaster is a consequence when a natural hazard affects
humans and/or the built environment. Human vulnerability, and lack
of appropriate emergency management, leads to financial,
environmental, or human impact. The resulting loss depends on the
capacity of the population to support or resist the disaster: their
resilience. This understanding is concentrated in the formulation:
"disasters occur when hazards meet vulnerability". A natural hazard
will hence never result in a natural disaster in areas without
vulnerability.
12
CLASSIFICATIONS
…Continued
13. DISASTER
13
CLASSIFICATIONS
Man-made or Human Induced Disaster
Man-made disasters are the consequence of technological or
human hazards. Examples include stampedes, fires, transport
accidents, industrial accidents, oil spills and nuclear
explosions/radiation. War and deliberate attacks may also be put in
this category. As with natural hazards, man-made hazards are
events that have not happened, for instance terrorism. Man-made
disasters are examples of specific cases where man-made hazards
have become reality in an event
…Continued
14. WHEN IS AN EVENT A DISASTER?
1. At least 20% of the population are affected & in need of
emergency assistance or those dwelling units have been
destroyed.
2. A great number or at least 40% of the means of livelihood such
as bancas, fishing boats, vehicles and the like are destroyed.
3. Major roads and bridges are destroyed and impassable for at
least a week, thus disrupting the flow of transport and commerce.
4. Widespread destruction of fishponds, crops, poultry and
livestock, and other agricultural products, and
5. Epidemics
14
DISASTER
…Continued
23. JULY 16, 1990 EARTHQUAKE
23
Aftershocks of the 1990
July 16 earthquake Ms=7.8
PHIVOLCS data
First 14 hours
Many aftershocks found
west of Baguio City, not
along fault trace
…Continued
24. SUPER TYPHOON “PEPENG” {PARMA}
24
(September 30 – October 10, 2009)
Max Center Wind: 195 kph
Gustiness: 230 kph
Speed: 9-26 kph
Baguio City received 640
mm of rain during the 12-
hour period starting 8:00
am on October 8
25. EFFECTS ST “PEPENG” {PARMA}
25
a) Affected Population
Population affected in 5,486 barangays, 334 municipalities, and
33 cities in 27 provinces in Regions I, II, III, V, VI, CAR and NCR
– 954,087 families / 4,478,284 persons Breakdown per Region
The total number evacuated inside 54 evacuation centers were
3,258 families / 14,892 persons
b) Casualties
Reported deaths in CAR were mainly due to landslides while
those in other regions were due to drowning (same figure in
previous report)
465 Dead
207 Injured
47 Missing
26. EFFECTS ST “PEPENG” {PARMA}
26
c) Damages
The total number of damaged houses were 61,869 (6,807
totally / 55,062 partially)
The estimated cost of damage to infrastructure and agriculture
were PhP27.297 Billion (infrastructure to include school
buildings and health infrastructure PhP6.799 Billion; agriculture
PhP20.495 Billion and private property PhP 0.003 Billion
Agricultural area of 428,034 hectares incurred losses of
1,052.993 MT of crops (rice, corn, high value commercial
crops, abaca and irrigation facilities)
Education facilities damaged in Regions I, II, III, V and CAR:
were 1,531 schools (1,280 Elementary and 251 High Schools)
amounting to PhP767.45 Million
…Continued
27.
28. EFFECTS ST “PEPENG” {PARMA}
28
BAGUIO
INCIDENTS TOTAL
ERODED RIPRAP 25
FALLEN TREE / IN DANGER OF
FALLING
19
SOIL EROSION / LANDSLIDE 97
FLOOD 41
VEHICULAR ACCIDENT 1
CASUALTIES:
A) Deaths 1) Landslide
2) Accident
58
2
B) Missing 5
C) Injured 27
Note: Incidents received, monitored and recorded by CDRRMC-DOC
…Continued
43. PREVIOUS
DISASTERS
IN
C.A.R.
43
LGU as the first line of defence
Early warning devise or equipment are vital in saving life
Without communication support warning and the evacuation fails
Early warning and evacuation system to attain Zero Casualty
Pre-positioning of organic resource capability for quick response
Building-back better not building-back-elsewhere
DRR measures to protect economic investments
Help must be linked to initiative. Protracted relief could breed
mendicancy, inhibit or hold back local initiative and suppress
native creativity
Demand driven vs. donors driven
Disaster Risk Reduction Plan must be considered basic input in
the Regional Development Master Plan
LESSONS LEARNED
45. PHILIPPINES
RISK
PROFILE The country is considered one of the most disaster-prone. It ranks 12th
among 200 countries most at-risk for tropical cyclones, floods,
earthquakes, and landslides in the 2009 Mortality Risk Index of the UN
International Strategy for Disaster Reduction
45
Located along the
typhoon belt in the
Pacific making it
vulnerable to typhoons
and tsunami.
Average of 20
typhoons yearly (7 are
destructive).
46. PHILIPPINES
RISK
PROFILE
46
Located along the
Pacific Ring of
Fire, between two
Tectonic plates
(Eurasian and Pacific)
which are volcanic
and earthquake
generators.
22 active volcanoes (5
most active).
The Philippines, given its location on the earth is prone to various types
of Natural Disasters.
…Continued
50. PREPAREDNESS
50
CRITICAL CONCERNS
1. Does your institution have an existing Disaster Response Team /
Safety Committee?
2. If yes, is it functional?
3. Do we conduct emergency / disaster drills regularly?
4. Do we have Emergency Response Plan?
5. Do we have a Preparedness / Contingency Plan in the event of any
disaster?
6. Are there personnel / employees trained in first aid, fire fighting or
rescue?
7. Does the institution have any rescue equipment and other
emergency paraphernalia?
8. Do we have an institutionalized warning system?
9. Are there identified evacuation areas within the premises of the
institution?
…Continued
53. Disaster legislation in the Philippines dates back in 1978, primarily
reactive approach to disasters, focusing heavily on preparedness
and response. Other relevant legislation for mainstreaming of
disaster risk reduction into development includes land-use controls
and building codes. However, building codes are not strictly
enforced and zoning ordinances which are reported to have been
relaxed over time.
53
DRRM THE PHILIPPINE DRRM SYSTEM
With the approval of the DRRM (Republic Act
No. 10121) expect that there would be a
paradigm shift emphasizing disaster
management to a disaster risk management
approach, with much greater importance given
to reducing risk. The RA was approved on 27
May 2010, and the Implementing Rules and
Regulations are being crafted by the Task
Force RA 10121 headed by the OCD. Time
line for submission will be on August 25, 2010.
54. RISK REDUCTION AND MANAGEMENT
Systematic process of using administrative decisions,
organization, operational skills and capacities to implement
policies, strategies and coping capacities of the society and
communities
Setting of related goals and objectives in development and land use
areas.
It involves the formulation of strategies and Plans, Programs and
Activities (PPAs)
54
DRRM
…Continued
55. WHAT MUST BE DONE TO REDUCE RISK
Institutionalize Local Disaster Risk Reduction & Management Office
Establish Early Warning System
Formulation of Communication Protocol
Formulation of Evacuation Procedures at the community level and
establishments
Organize Local DRRMC and define the functional roles and
responsibilities of the members and task units
Establish Standard Operating Procedures (SOP)
Hazard awareness through Community-Based trainings and
seminars
55
DRRM
…Continued
56. WHAT MUST BE DONE TO REDUCE RISK
Integrate disaster risk reduction into the Comprehensive Land Use
Plan (CLUP) and land use planning
Integrate hazard, risk and vulnerability assessment into the
development plan
Cluster Approach on Recovery Program
Good working relationship with Warning Agencies and the Local
Media
Installation of rain gauges on mountain slopes
(DENR-MGB CAR recommended that 150 mm of rainfall observed
within 24 hours would already trigger evacuation of communities in
high risk areas)
56
DRRM
…Continued
57. WHAT MUST BE DONE TO REDUCE RISK
Strengthening of the LGU capabilities on disaster management;
Updating the hazard profile of all municipalities and to analyse data
on human induced disasters for public safety studies
Effective flow of communication system to ensure that accurate flow
of information before, during and after disasters
57
DRRM
…Continued
58. WHAT MUST BE DONE TO REDUCE RISK
58
DRRM
…Continued
59.
60. A comprehensive disaster risk management strategy, actively
involving stakeholders at all levels of government as well as the
private sector, local communities and civil society, is required to
implement the legislative framework and to provide coordination and
monitoring mechanisms and arrangements.
Individual disaster risk reduction actions and programs need to be
located within this strategy, rather than treated as discrete, individual
measures. Moreover, the strategy needs to indicate specific entry
points and mechanisms for mainstreaming disaster risk reduction
concerns into both the broader development agenda and the design
and implementation of individual development initiatives.
60
DRRM DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT STRATEGY
…Continued
61. Individual line agencies and local governments are legally
responsible for implementing disaster management, as it is still
commonly referred to in department circulars and executive orders,
within their own areas of responsibility. In practice, some LGUs have
yet to even establish their disaster coordinating councils (DCCs),
while those DCCs that have been established vary in quality. In
addition, reflecting Presidential Decree (PD) 1566’s reactive
approach to DCC meetings are commonly held only on an ad hoc
basis, in response to crisis situations, rather than on a more regular
basis to discuss ongoing risk reduction initiatives, and DCCs’ risk
reduction and mainstreaming capacity and capabilities are often
very limited.
61
DRRM DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT STRATEGY
…Continued
62. 62
8th Congress
(’89-’92)
9th Co2ngress
(’92-’95)
10th Congress
(’95-’98)
11th Congress
(’98-2001)
12th Congress
(2001-2004)
13th Congress
(2004-2007)
14th Congress
(2007-2010)
RA NO. 10121
27 May 2010
• 21 years in the making
• 7 Congresses
• 4 Administration
PD 1566
June 11, 1978
R.A.
10121
…Continued
65. THE PHILIPPINE DISASTER RISK REDUCTION AND
MANAGEMENT SYSTEM MAY 27, 2010
An Act Strengthening The Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction
and Management System, providing for the National Disaster Risk
Reduction and Management Framework, and Institutionalizing the
Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Plan, appropriating funds
therefor and for other purposes (DRRM Act 2010)
65
R.A.
10121
…Continued
66. DISASTER RISK REDUCTION
The law which transforms the Philippines’ Disaster Management
System from Disaster Relief and Response towards Disaster Risk
Reduction.
66
Top-down and centralized
disaster management
Disasters as merely a
function of physical
hazards
Focus on disaster
response and anticipation
Bottom-up and
participatory disaster
risk reduction
Disaster mainly a
reflection of people's
vulnerability
Integrated approach to
genuine social and human
development to reduce
disaster risk and adoption
of IT in DRM
…Continued
R.A.
10121
…Continued
67. DISASTER RISK REDUCTION GUIDING PRINCIPLES
• Institutional not personality oriented
• Permanent solution not temporary or palliative
• Preemptive evacuation is better than rescue
67
R.A.
10121
…Continued
68. R.A. 10121
The enactment of the Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and
Management Act of 2010 (also known as Republic Act 10121), aims to
achieve a paradigm shift from reactive to proactive approach in
disaster risk reduction and management.
One of the main objectives of Disaster Preparedness it to “Enhance
the community with the necessary skills to cope with the negative
impacts of a disaster”.
The state of readiness for PDRRMC, MDRRMC and CDRRMC is
greatly determines the extent to which potential casualties and
damages can be reduced.
68
…Continued
69. PARADIGM SHIFT
69
Response
Preparedness
Mitigation:
Risk Reduction /
Prevention
Rehabilitation
REACTIVE
Emergency/Disaster Management
R.A.
10121
• Executive/Legislative Agenda
• Environmental Management
• Comprehensive Land Use Plan
• Risk proofing
• Financial tools
• Hazard identification &
• Vulnerability Analysis
• Capacity Analysis
• Public awareness
• Public commitment
• Community actions
• Education & Training
• Early Warning
• SOP & Plans
• ICS Development
• Livelihood
• Housing
• Lifelines
• Education
• Infrastructure
• DANA
• Relief
• SAR
• Incident Command System
• Evacuation
• Health
…Continued
75. DISASTER OR EMERGENCY OPCEN
75
• Is a central command and control facility responsible for carrying out
the principles or functions of emergency / disaster
preparedness and management at a strategic level in an emergency
situation, and ensuring the continuity of operation of a company,
political subdivision or other organization.
• An Emergency / Disaster OPCEN is responsible for the strategic
overview, or "big picture", of the disaster.
• Used in varying ways at all levels of government and within private
industry to provide coordination, direction and control during
emergencies.
76. DISASTER OR EMERGENCY OPCEN
76
• The common functions of all E/D OPCEN is to collect, gather and
analyze data; make decisions that protect life and property, maintain
continuity of the organization, within the scope of applicable laws;
and disseminate those decisions to all concerned agencies and
individuals.
• In most E/DOC's, there is one individual in charge, and that is
the Emergency/Disaster Manager.
…Continued
77. DISASTER OR EMERGENCY OPCEN
77
…Continued
BRINGS TOGETHER THE VITAL ASPECT OF :
COORDINATION &
COMMUNICATION
MEDIA & PUBLIC
INFORMATION
ACTIVATION of the
BDRRMC -
responders & others
TASK
ALLOCATION
INFORMATION
COLLECTION
& ANALYSIS
SITUATION
ASSESSMENT AND
MONITORING
DISSEMINATION
of WARNING
SITUATION
MONITORING
RESOURCE
DISPATCH, TRACKING
& REQUEST
ACTION PRIORITIES
Working 24/7
With DISASTER
MNGT FUNCTION
79. ACTIVATION
79
STAGES or LEVELS
of ACTIVATION for
DRRMCs
NOTIFICATION - When an event/disaster occurs, notification is made to
all partner agencies, and CDRRMC Disaster Operations Center support
staff who needs to take actions as part of their pre-assigned tasks and
responsibilities;
BLUE ALERT (PARTIAL ACTIVATION) - An initial limited or
a post Red Alert scaled down operational condition of the
Disaster Operations Center (DOC). All field personnel go
on stand-by, assets pre-positioned for easy deployment;
RED ALERT (FULL ACTIVATION) - All primary and
secondary support agencies of the CDRRMC are on
active status/on-call, manning respective stations
along with DOC staff, while directing-coordinating
personnel/assets on a 24-hour basis during an on-
going event;
DEACTIVATION - The DOC Chief as may be directed
by the Chief Executive or Action Officer to deactivate
the alert status and normal operations of the
Disaster Operations Center resumes.
UNDERSTANDING THE COLORED ALERT STATUS & DISASTER WARNING SYMBOLS
80. ACTIVATION
80
…Continued
RED Full scale activation
• Full scale activation.
• Citywide activation of the BDRRMC’s & respective operations
centers.
• Focal members of the CDRRMC’s will be in the operations center
for fast action, coordination & decision.
• Convene a council meeting to address preparedness for response
& other concerns.
81. ACTIVATION
81
…Continued
• Partial activation - whole members
• Citywide activation of the BDRRMCs & respective operations
centers
• Convene a council meeting to address preparedness for response
& other concerns
BLUE Partial activation
95. VEHICULAR ACCIDENT
95
COMMAND & CONTROL
LAW
ENFORCEMENT
SAR EMS FIRE
SUPPRESION
EVACUATION
& RELIEF
DANA
MAR
COS
VA HIGH
WAY
…Continued
96. S.A.R.
96
Flash Flood Victim SAR, September 30-October 5, 2012
Point of Origin: Crystal Cave, Baguio City – Point of Sighting: Sitio Pacac, Tuba, Benguet
101. 101
“We are not preparing for the world we live in - we
are preparing for the world we find ourselves in.”
– Michael Mabee
Prepping for a Suburban or Rural Community: Building a Civil Defense Plan for a Long-Term Catastrophe