Jow to minimise the effect of disaster

1. A SERIOUS DISRUPTION OF THE
FUNCTIONING OF SOCIETY,
CAUSING WIDESPREAD HUMAN,
MATERIAL OR ENVIRONMENTAL
LOSSES WHICH EXCEED THE
ABILITY OF THE AFFECTED
SOCIETY TO COPE USING ITS OWN
RESOURCES.

2. • Disaster means a catastrophe,
mishap, calamity or grave
occurrence in any area arising from
natural or manmade or by accident
which results in substantial loss of
life, property, environment which
exceed the ability of the affected
society to cope using its own
resources.

3. • NATURAL MANMADE
• FLOOD
ROAD, AIR, RAIL, SEA DISASTER
• CYCLONE
• EARTH QUAKE FIRE
• DROUGHT BUILDING COLLAPSE
• LANDSLIDES INDUSTRICAL ACCIDENT
COLD/HEAT WAVE TERRORISM
BIOLOGICAL & CHEMICAL
DISASTER
• TSUNAMI
• VOLCANO

4. • HAZARDS ARE DEFINED AS
PHENOMENA THAT POSE A
THREAT TO PEOPLE,
STRUCTURES OR ECONOMIC
ASSETS AND WHICH MAY
CAUSE A DISASTER. THEY
COULD BE EITHER MANMADE
OR NATURALLY OCCURING IN
OUR ENVIRONMENT.

5. VULNERABILITY
• IT IS DEFINED AS THE EXTENT TO
WHICH A COMMUNITY ,
STRUCTURE, SERVICE AND
GEOGRAPHIC AREA IS LIKELY TO
BE DAMAGED OR DISRUPTED BY
THE IMPACT OF PARTICULAR
HAZARD, ON ACCOUNT OF THEIR
NATURE, CONSTRUCTION AND
PROXIMITY TO A DISASTER
PRONE AREA.

6. DISASTER RISK
• RISK IS A MEASURE OF EXPECTED LOSES
DUE TO A HAZARD EVENT OF A
PARTICULAR MAGNITUDE OCCURING IN A
GIVEN AREA OVER A SPECIFIC TIME
PERIOD.
• THE LEVEL OF RISK DEPENDS UPON;
• NATURE OF THE HAZARD
• VULNERABILITY OF ELEMENTS WHICH
ARE EFFECTED
• ECONOMIC VALUE OF THOSE ELEMENTS

7. • Rescue : Shifting the disaster affected people to safe
shelters.
• Relief : It refers to step taken to meet the needs of
survivors with respect to shelter, water, food, sanitation
and medical care.
• Rehabilitation: Includes activities that are undertaken to
support the victims returned to normal life.
• Reconstruction :An attempt to repair and reconstruct all
the infrastructures, basic amenities, lifeline facilities and
resources damaged in the disaster.
• Mitigation : It is a collective term used to encompass all
activities undertaken in anticipation of the occurrence of a
potentially disastrous event with a view to bring about
preparedness and long-term risk reduction.
• Prevention : It refers to activities which either reduce or
modify the scale and intensity of the hazard or improve the
elements at risk.
• Preparedness : It refers to measures that enable the govt,
community and individuals to respond rapidly to disaster
situations so as to cope with them effectively.

8. DISASTER
MANAGEMENT
• DISASTER MANAGEMENT IS A
BASICALLY A RANGE OF
ACTIVITIES DESIGNED TO
MITIGATE THE EFFECTS OF
DISASTER AND TO PROVIDE A
FRAMEWORK FOR HELPING
PEOPLE AT RISK TO AVOID OR
RECOVER FROM THE IMPACT
OF THE DISASTER.

9. PRE DISASTER
PREPAREDNESS
• PERSONNEL.
• UPDATE ALLTHE RESOURCE INVENTORY.
• IDENTIFIED THE ROUTE WHERE PEOPLE COULD BE
EVACUATED.
• ACTIVATE ALL THE F.A, RESCUE AND EVACUATION
TEAM.
• ARRANGE DRY FOOD, DRINKING WATER AND
MEDICINES.
• COMMUNICATION.
• TRAINING
• MOCK DRILL / EXERCISE.
• LIAISON WITH LOCAL GOVERNMENT, POLICE, FIRE
SERVICE.

10. DURING DISASTER
• *CARRY OUT THE RESCUE WORK.
• *RENDER FIRST AID /FOR FURTHER
TREATMENT / TRANSFER TO HOSPITAL.
• *EVACUATE THE PLACE.
• *TO CUT OF THE EMERGENCY SERVICES.
• *KEEP CLOSE CONTACT WITH THE LOCAL
GOVERNMENT,POLICE ,FIRE SERVICE.

11. POST DISASTER
• REMOVE DEBRIS ,RESTORE ROADS AND POWER
SUPPLY.
• PROVIDE RELIEF.
• DAMAGED AND UNSAFE STRUCTURES SHOULD BE
DEMOLISHED.
• MOBILE HEALTH TEAM TO BE MOBILIZED.
• ARRANGE FOR SPEEDY DISPOSAL OF DEAD
BODIES.
• DAMAGE ASSESMENT TO BE CARRIED OUT
• REPORT TO HIGHER AUTHORITIES.

12. Preparing for flood
• 42.4% area in West Bengal is prone to flood while 12.1% in
India.
• West Bengal has a geographical area of 88752 Sq.km.
comprising broadly into three major drainage basins viz.
Brahmaputra Basin(11,860 Sq.km.), Ganga basin(74,732
Sq.km.) &Subarnarekha basin (2,160 Sq.km.)
• Vast areas belonging to its adjoining States like
Jharkhand, Bihar&Sikkim and adjoining countries viz.
Nepal & Bhutan are on the higher altitudes and as such,
act as the catchments of these basins causing the State
most vulnerable to flood in this country.
A FLOOD IS AN OVERFLOW OF AN EXPANSE OF WATER
THAT SUBMERGES LAND.

13. Causes of Flood
1.Accumulation of water due to
localized heavy rainfall.
2.Accumulation of run-off after heavy
rainfall.
3.Discharge from upper basin areas.
4.Distinctive features and drainage
condition of river/canals.
5.Shape of the catchments area.
6.Shape and strength of river/ coastal
embankments.

14. PRE DISASTER
• Update all the resource inventory.
• Control room should be functional for 24 hours.
• Identified all the shelter places where people could be evacuated
• Activate all the First aid, Rescue and Evacuated team.
• See to it that there is no blockage in the flow of the river.
• Ascertain the availability of dry food, drinking water and
medicines.
• Mobilise boats/ vehicles which will help in evacuation and rescue
operation and also in the distribution of relief.
• Prior storage of food grains in the vulnerable pockets.
• Identify the relief centers.
• Inspect, strengthen and repair all the approach roads and
culverts.
• Provide mobile wireless sets to villagers likely to be cut off.
• Arrange adequate hand pumps where wells are likely to
inundated.
• Liasion with army,Navy, Coast guards and the railway locally.
• Prepare maps of alternate route, resources available.

15. During Disaster
• Carry out rescue and evacuation.
• Operational of Control room and provide warning
update.
• Provide relief materials.
• Mobilizing resources like boat, dry food, temporary
shelter.
• Ensuring the availability of medicines, drinking
water, tankers etc.
• Coordination at various levels and agencies.
• Mobile health units to be made available.

16. Post Disaster
• Rescue people who are stranded.
• Restore roads and power supply.
• Provide safe drinking water.
• Check outbreak of any epidemics.
• Mobile health teams to be mobilized.
• Take the help of NGO’s.
• Carry out damage assessment.
• Ensure that adequate, timely and speedy
credit is available to the farmers for
purchasing agricultural inputs and cattle’s.

17. CYCLONE
Causes of cyclone :
Cyclones occur due to a combination
of warm sea temperature, high
relative humidity and atmospheric
instability.
As a result of low depth of ocean bed and the way
our coast is shaped, the Indian sub continent is
one of the six worst cyclone-prone regions in the
world.

18. PREPARING FOR
CYCLONE
PRE DISASTER
* See to it that there is no blockage in the drainage system.
* Make the Control room functional for 24 hours.
* Keep sufficient food grains in the areas likely to be cut off.
* Resource inventory mainly of boats, vehicles for evacuation and
providing relief to be maintained.
* Health departments to set up mobile health units in the vulnerable
pockets like to be cut off.
* Identify the safe cyclone shelters and the route chart for
evacuation.
* Identify First Aid and Rescue teams.
* Ascertain the fodder availability for cattle.
* Identify relief centers.
* Inspect, strengthen and repair all approach roads and culverts.
* provide mobile wireless sets in areas likely to be cut off.
* Liaison with the Army,Navy, Coast Guard and railway locally.

19. DURING DISASTER
• Evacuate people to the cyclone shelters
immediately.
• Arrange a patrolling group who would take
care of the property left by the people.
• See to it that all vehicles are stopped.
• See to it that there is enough food
stock,drinking water and common
medicines.
• Announce the latest bulletin to the
community at periodic interval.

20. POST DISASTER
• Rescue and evacuation process to be
initiated immediately for those who are
stranded
• Restore roads and power supply.
• Provide relief and safe drinking water to
the effected population.
• Check outbreak of any epidemics.
• Mobile health team to be mobilized.
• Help from voluntary organizations may be
welcomed.
• Damage assessment to be carried out.

21. PREPARING FOR EARTHQUAKE
What is an earthquake:
AN EARTHQUAKE IS A SUDDEN SHAKE OF THE EARTH WHICH LASTS FOR A
SHORT TIME, WITHIN A VERY LIMITED REGION.Most earthquakes last for
less than a minute, but sometimes shock may last, for as long as
3 to 4 minutes.The place where an earthquake originates inside
the earth is called the focus of the earthquake. The point
Vertically above this, on the surface of the earth , is called
Its epicenter.
PRE DISSASTER
1. Ensure that the proper structural design and engineering practices as
per the norms laid down by the BIS(Bureau of Indian standard) codes are
followed while allowing construction of a house.
2. Sensitize the people to evaluate structural soundness of buildings.
Strengthening / Retrofitting, if necessary, be ensured.
3. Common people should be made aware of the importance of shelter in
the areas vulnerable to earthquake.

22. • BIS CODE
• Bureau of indian Standard Act 1986.
The Civil Engineering Division
council is responsible for
standardization in the field of civil
engineering including structural
engineering, building materials and
components, planning design,
construction, safety in buildings.

23. BIS CODE
• Part-I General provision and
bldgs.
• Part-II Liquid retaining tanks-
Elevated and ground supported
• Part-III Bridges and Retaining
walls
• Part-IV Industrial structures
• Part-V Dams and
Embankments

24. DURING DISASTER
• Rescue and evacuate people to the earmarked
safe shelters immediately.
• Arrange a patrolling group who would take care
of the property left by the people.
• Arrange for prompt First Aid and medical care
to injured.
• See to it that all vehicles are stopped.
• See to it that there is enough food stock,
drinking water and common medicines.
• Announce the latest bulletin to the community
at periodic interval.

25. POST DISASTER
• Rescue and evacuation process to be initiated
immediately for those who are stranded.
• Be prepared for aftershocks. Strong aftershocks can
cause future damage to the buildings and weak structures
may collapse.
• Remove debris and restore roads and power supply.
• Provide relief and safe drinking water to the affected
population.
• Check outbreak of any epidemics.
• Mobile Health units to be mobilized.
• Help from voluntary organizations may be welcomed.
• Damaged and unsafe structures should be demolished.
• Damage assessment to be carried out.
• Arrange for speedy disposal of dead bodies.
• Trauma counseling group to be setup , if required.
• Appropriate rehabilitation measures to be sorted out.

26. DROUGHT AND ITS MANAGEMENT
• In West Bengal,Purulia district and parts of Bankura,
Paschim Mednipur and Birbhum district are mainly prone to
drought.
• But on fulfillment of the criteria for identification of
drought, any area in WB may be declared to have been
affected by drought.
• India Meteorological Department considers the occurrence
of drought, if the rainfall during a year or southwest
monsoon season(june to sep.) over the area is less than 25
percent of the normal.
• It is further sub divided into moderate and severe
depending on the rainfall deficiency between 26 to 50
percent respectively.
• National Commission on Agriculture (1976) has defined
Agriculture drought as an occasion ,when the rainfall in 4
consecutive weeks from mid- MAY to mid-October is half of
the normal or less, when the normal weekly rainfall is 5mm
or more.

27. • Drought in West Bengal occurs as a
result of the following reasons:
1. WEAK MONSOON CURRENT
2. DELAYED ONSET, EARLY
WITHDRAWAL OR PROLONGED
BREAK IN MONSOON
3. LACK OF DEPRESSION OR
FORMATION OF LOW PRESSURE
AREAS DURING MONSOON
4. POOR MOISTURE HOLDING
CAPACITY OF THE SOIL AND
undulating TERRAIN

28. THE COURSE OF PLAN AND ACTION AS
SHORT TERM MEASURES TO COMBAT
DROUGHT
• Planning before the hazard comes using long range weather
forecast.
• Planning immediately before impeding hazard using medium
range weather forecast.
• Action during the hazard using short range weather forecast.
• For monitoring drought situation and to take decision and
execution of the same on the basis of ground reality committees
are to be constituted at block, district and state level involving
relevant officials, experts and people representatives who will
meet regularly.
• Identification of families living below poverty line and having
old/ infirm / sick members, pregnant women, children below the
age of 5 years and arrangement of employment opportunities for
the able members of those families.
• Preparation of the lists of landless agriculture labourers,
artisans and other working sections who are vulnerable to
drought disaster and making suitable provision for their
employment for a considerable period.

29. THANK YOU